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寫作方法,［方法指導(dǎo)］ 記敘文的概要，一般包括記敘文的六個(gè)要素(who; when; where; what; how; why)，也就是考生應(yīng)先通讀閱讀短文，找出這六個(gè)要素，然后用自己的話將這六個(gè)要素串成一兩句話即可。 當(dāng)然，不一定每篇記敘文都包含這六個(gè)要素，但一般會(huì)包含“某人做了某事，結(jié)果如何”。,因此，要寫好概要，須在閱讀材料中找到并標(biāo)明以下兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案： ⑴ 誰(shuí)做了什么？(who did what) ⑵ 結(jié)果如何？(what was the result) 如果是夾敘夾議的文章，作者對(duì)故事的內(nèi)容發(fā)表了議論，或指出了故事給人們的啟示的，我們概括時(shí)要加上這一內(nèi)容。,閱讀下面短文, 然后按要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文?！獌?nèi)容略,寫作內(nèi)容2. 以約120個(gè)詞寫一篇讀后感，說(shuō)明“誠(chéng)信的重要性”。,[解題過(guò)程] 第一步：根據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容2，快速獲取大意。據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容2“說(shuō)明誠(chéng)信的重要性”，可以預(yù)知，閱讀材料可能通過(guò)具體的人物故事或說(shuō)理的方式來(lái)說(shuō)明誠(chéng)信的重要。略讀原文，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該文章是夾敘夾議的記敘文，作者講述了一個(gè)故事來(lái)說(shuō)明誠(chéng)信的重要性。,第二步：閱讀材料，據(jù)文體特點(diǎn)尋找關(guān)鍵詞句。 記敘文通常按以下三個(gè)問(wèn)題尋找關(guān)鍵詞句： ⑴ 誰(shuí)做了什么？The writer tells a story of an overseas Chinese student with amazing academic achievements. The student often went without a subway ticket. ⑵ 結(jié)果如何？He was not even allowed the chance for an interview. ⑶ 說(shuō)明了什么？Honesty is the best policy.,第三步：用自己的話將關(guān)鍵詞句整合成約30個(gè)詞的概要。 參考范文如下： 范文1：Today I read an instructive speech, in which the speaker argues honesty is the best policy by telling the story of an overseas Chinese student who couldn’t find a job because of dishonesty.,范文2：The writer tells a story about an overseas Chinese student with an excellent academic achievement who couldn’t find a job in Germany because of his dishonesty, which shows honesty is the best policy.,閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括這篇短文的主要內(nèi)容?！涛穆?寫作內(nèi)容2. 以約120個(gè)詞談?wù)勀憷硐氲拇髮W(xué)生活。 ⑴ 對(duì)中學(xué)生活的感受； ⑵ 理想的大學(xué)生活； ⑶ 中學(xué)生活和大學(xué)生活的差別，以及你打算如何適應(yīng)。,閱讀材料是發(fā)言稿，其內(nèi)容夾敘夾議。作者首先分享了自己讀大一時(shí)的經(jīng)歷(記敘)，第三段是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷給聽(tīng)眾的建議(議論)。因此，閱讀材料時(shí)應(yīng)找出并標(biāo)明以下關(guān)鍵詞句： 某人做了某事：It was really tough for him at first and he got badly homesick.,概要導(dǎo)寫,結(jié)果如何：He got used to the college life, various parties, go to cinemas and concerts, pubs and clubs. 發(fā)言者給聽(tīng)眾的建議：get yourself active in things(最后一段),概括：Mike found it hard to adjust himself to the college life and got homesick at first, but later, he got used to it because he joined in various activities. So, he advised being active in things. (36 words),根據(jù)讀寫任務(wù)的命題特點(diǎn)，閱讀材料最有可能出現(xiàn)的是現(xiàn)象類說(shuō)明文。這類文章首先是指出存在的某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，然后分析出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因，最后會(huì)出指這種現(xiàn)象的可能后果或發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，或針對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象所采取的對(duì)策或提出建議。因此, 要寫好概要，我們可根據(jù)以下三個(gè)問(wèn)題在閱讀材料中找到并標(biāo)明關(guān)鍵詞句：,［方法指導(dǎo)］,⑴ 什么社會(huì)現(xiàn)象？ ⑵ 出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因是什么？ ⑶ 該現(xiàn)象會(huì)有何后果？針對(duì)此現(xiàn)象應(yīng)采取什么措施？提出什么建議？ 概要應(yīng)包括：現(xiàn)象+原因+后果/對(duì)策/建議,閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個(gè)詞概括這段短文的內(nèi)容?！涛穆?寫作內(nèi)容2. 以約120個(gè)詞就“該不該禁止游客和動(dòng)物拍照”進(jìn)行議論，內(nèi)容包括： ⑴ 人們?cè)趨⒂^動(dòng)物園時(shí)為什么喜歡和動(dòng)物拍照； ⑵ 假如你處在那些動(dòng)物的處境, 你會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)； ⑶ 你認(rèn)為是否應(yīng)該禁止游客和動(dòng)物拍照。,第一步，根據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容2，快速獲取大意。據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容2“該不該禁止游客和動(dòng)物拍照”，可以預(yù)知，閱讀材料可能講述游客和動(dòng)物拍照，動(dòng)物會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)？會(huì)不會(huì)提到有關(guān)部門禁止游客和動(dòng)物拍照呢？帶著這些問(wèn)題去閱讀。 第二步：閱讀材料，據(jù)文體特點(diǎn)尋找關(guān)鍵詞句。,解題過(guò)程,根據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容和略讀，可知本文可作為現(xiàn)象類說(shuō)明文。作者首先指出在某野生動(dòng)物園里常見(jiàn)的一種現(xiàn)象：考拉因常被吵醒而感到不快和抱怨；接著分析考拉被吵醒的原因；最后，當(dāng)?shù)卣块T針對(duì)這種情況準(zhǔn)備采取的對(duì)策。因此，閱讀材料時(shí)應(yīng)在文中找出并標(biāo)明以下關(guān)鍵詞句：,⑴ 現(xiàn)象：All the koalas are unhappy and complaining. ⑵ 原因：are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep; be hugged and photographed by tourists ⑶ 結(jié)果/對(duì)策：government make the practice illegal,第三步：用自己的話將關(guān)鍵詞句整合成約30個(gè)詞的概要。 參考范文：The koalas in the Wildlife Park are upset because they are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep by tourists who like hugging and taking pictures with them. Therefore, the government will make laws to stop it. (36 words),閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括這篇短文的主要內(nèi)容?！涛穆?寫作內(nèi)容2.以約120個(gè)詞表達(dá)你對(duì)“父母過(guò)度照顧子女”這一現(xiàn)象的觀點(diǎn)。,第一步：根據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容2，快速獲取大意。據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容2可預(yù)測(cè)，作者可能是就“父母過(guò)度照顧子女”這一現(xiàn)象，分析原因，指出其后果。 第二步：略讀材料，按文體找出關(guān)鍵詞句。 現(xiàn)象：But today parents seem to do everything for their children and control all aspects of their lives. Some call this overparenting.,概要導(dǎo)寫,原因：have fewer children; help their child succeed 結(jié)果：less independent; less determination and the satisfaction of accomplishment; experience more anxiety and depression than ever before,第三步：用自己的話將上述關(guān)鍵詞句整合成約30個(gè)詞的概要。 As parents have fewer children and feel it necessary to help them succeed, overparenting appears. As a result, many children are becoming less independent and determined, and have more anxiety and depression than before. (34 words),議論文通常包括論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論，因此寫議論文的概要主要是找出主題句(the topic sentences)、支撐句(supporting sentences)和結(jié)論句(conclusion sentences)。其中最主要的是找準(zhǔn)主題句。概要應(yīng)包括：論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)(+結(jié)論)。,［方法指導(dǎo)］,閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括這篇短文的主要內(nèi)容。 —短文略,【典型例題】,第一步：閱讀材料，據(jù)文體特點(diǎn)尋找關(guān)鍵詞句。 略讀短文，第一段最后一句為論點(diǎn)，第二、三段為論據(jù)，最后一段為結(jié)論，首尾呼應(yīng)，是一篇典型的議論文。因此，閱讀材料時(shí)應(yīng)在文中找出并標(biāo)明以下關(guān)鍵詞句： 論點(diǎn): getting up early is of great importance to us all,解題過(guò)程,論據(jù)：⑴ the air is the freshest; we memorize things more easily ⑵ do some morning exercises and build our bodies ⑶ have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day 結(jié)論：getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it,第二步：用自己的話將關(guān)鍵詞句整合成約30個(gè)詞的概要。 參考范文：The passage stresses the importance of getting up early in the morning, which is beneficial to our health, work or study. So, the author advises us to form the habit of getting up early and keep it. (37 words),閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)詞概括這篇短文的主要內(nèi)容。—短文略,寫作內(nèi)容2. 以約120個(gè)詞就“青少年的秘密該不該與父母分享”發(fā)表看法。,論點(diǎn)：Teenagers’ secrets should be kept to themselves. 論據(jù)：They are curious and puzzled; it is natural to imitate adults’ behaviors in secret; unsure whether it is right to do so; parents cannot deal with such a matter well but hurt their children’s feelings badly.,概要導(dǎo)寫,結(jié)論：Teenagers should keep their secrets to themselves instead of sharing them with their parents. 概括：The author argues that teenagers should keep their secrets to themselves. For one thing, they are unsure about what they think and do. For another, parents can not deal with such a matter well.(35 words),