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五邑大學本科畢業(yè)設計
摘 要
21世紀,隨著全球經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,汽車業(yè)得到了蓬勃發(fā)展。作為小型汽車使用的空調(diào),由于受到空間尺寸的苛刻限制,以及發(fā)動機功率相對較小,因此非常注意壓縮機的效率、外形尺寸以及功耗等的影響。針對傳統(tǒng)壓縮機存在的一些不足,本設計研究了一種平動轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機,該壓縮機的最大特點是轉(zhuǎn)子采用平動轉(zhuǎn)動的運轉(zhuǎn)方式,因此主要運動件之間的相對速度較小,故其摩擦損失很小。本設計主要完成以下方面的工作:
(1) 簡單介紹了汽車空調(diào)制冷系統(tǒng)的構成和工作原理,闡述了汽車空調(diào)壓縮機的發(fā)展歷程,并對其特殊要求進行了說明,進而重點介紹了現(xiàn)有的滑片式和渦旋式這兩種兩種類型壓縮機的結(jié)構形式與特點。
(2) 重點詳細介紹了平動轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機的設計思想,工作原理,并進行總體設計。
(3) 對平動轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機的幾個重要零件如氣缸、轉(zhuǎn)子、轉(zhuǎn)軸、平動滑片、轉(zhuǎn)軸軸承座和后端蓋進行了結(jié)構設計,并在工藝和選材上進行了詳細的分析。
(4) 對平動轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機的吸排氣系統(tǒng)和潤滑系統(tǒng)進行了系統(tǒng)的設計和分析。
(5) 對平動轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機進行了熱力學方面的分析與計算,并推導了平動轉(zhuǎn)子和滑片的運動學和動力學公式,同時還對轉(zhuǎn)子進行了動平衡方面的分析。
與傳統(tǒng)滑片式壓縮機相比,本設計中的壓縮機的主要運動副如轉(zhuǎn)子與氣缸、轉(zhuǎn)子與端蓋、滑片與缸孔之間的相對運動速度要小很多,因此它具有較少的摩擦和磨損。同時他還與渦旋壓縮機的平動機構有機融合在一起,取其之長,因此等效制冷能力比現(xiàn)存的壓縮機高。而且結(jié)構緊湊、外形尺寸小、重量輕,特別適宜小型汽車使用。
在設計過程中運用了AutoCAD,Pro/E及Word,不但把所學的專業(yè)知識聯(lián)系起來,而且還提高了計算機應用能力,拓寬了知識面。
關鍵詞 汽車空調(diào);壓縮機;平動轉(zhuǎn)子;結(jié)構設計
Abstract
The 21st century, along with global economic development, the automobile industry gained vigorous development. Air conditioning which uses in the compact car, due to receive harsh limit from the spatial size, as well as the engine power is relatively small and therefore pays attention to influence from the efficiency of the compressor, the external dimensions as well as the power loss and so on. In view of traditional compressor exist some insufficiencies, this design has studied a fixed-rotor compressor, and the ultimate characteristic of this compressor is the rotor adopts a fixed-rotation mode of operation, the relative speed between the main movements is smaller, and therefore its friction loss is very small following the completion of the design of the main areas of work.?
(1)A brief introduction of the automotive air conditioning refrigeration system's constitution and the principle of work, elaborated the development process of automotive air conditioning compressor, and has carried on the explanation to its special request, then focus on introducing structure and characteristics of the existing gleitbretter type and the vortex type compressors.
(2)Focus more on the introduction of a fixed-rotor compressor’s design concept, the principle of work, and overall design.
(3)To the fixed-rotor compressor’s several important components like air cylinder, the rotor, the rotation shaft, the fixed-vane, the rotation shaft bearing seat and the back-end cover has carried out the structural design, and has carried on the detailed analysis in the craft and the selection.
(4)we have carried systemic design and analysis on suction exhaust system and lubrication system of the fixed-rotor compressor.
(5)We have carried on thermodynamic analysis and the calculation to the fixed-rotor compressor, and have inferred the fixed-rotor and vane's kinematic and dynamic formula, meanwhile have carried on the transient equilibrium analysis to the rotor.
Compares with the traditional vane compressor, this design compressor has much smaller relative velocity between the main movements such as the rotor and the cylinder, the rotor and the end cover, the vane and the cylinder hole, therefore it has the few friction and the attrition. Simultaneously, it also integration of vortex compressor's translation machine together, takes its long, the equivalent cooling capacity higher than the existing compressor. Moreover the structure is compact, the external dimensions are small, the weight is light, and so it is especially for small vehicles.
In the design process using AutoCAD, Pro / E and the Word, not only to learn the expertise, but also improve the ability of computer applications and broaden the knowledge.
Key words Automobile air-conditioning compressor translation rotor structural design
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1 汽車空調(diào)的歷程、意義和特點 1
1.1.1 汽車空調(diào)歷程 1
1.1.2 汽車空調(diào)的意義 1
1.1.3 汽車空調(diào)的特點 2
1.2 汽車空調(diào)制冷系統(tǒng)的構成及其原理 2
1.3 汽車空調(diào)壓縮機的發(fā)展歷程 3
1.4 汽車空調(diào)壓縮機的特殊要求 4
1.5 滑片壓縮機的結(jié)構形式與特點 5
1.6 渦旋壓縮機的結(jié)構形式與特點 6
1.7 本章小結(jié) 7
第2章 平動轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機 8
2.1 設計方案的提出 8
2.2 研究的意義 8
2.3 平動轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機的工作原理 9
2.4 平動轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機的基本結(jié)構 10
2.5 平動轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機的總體特點 10
2.6 平動轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機重要部件的設計 11
2.6.1 缸體 11
2.6.2 轉(zhuǎn)子 12
2.6.3 轉(zhuǎn)軸 13
2.6.4 平動滑片 14
2.6.5 轉(zhuǎn)軸軸承座和后端蓋 15
2.7 本章小結(jié) 16
第3章 平動轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機系統(tǒng)分析 17
3.1 吸氣與排氣系統(tǒng)分析 17
3.2 潤滑系統(tǒng)分析 18
3.3 本章小結(jié) 18
第4章 分析與計算 19
4.1 熱力學分析與計算 19
4.1.1 熱力學析 19
4.1.2 熱力計算 23
4.2 運動分析與計算 26
4.2.1 平動轉(zhuǎn)子運動分析與計算 26
4.2.2 滑片運動分析與計算 27
4.3 動力學模型 28
4.3.1 滑片受力分析 28
4.3.2 轉(zhuǎn)子受力分析 30
4.4 轉(zhuǎn)子的動平衡計算 31
4.5 本章小結(jié) 32
第 5 章 制冷劑、潤滑油及附件 33
5.1 制冷劑 33
5.1.1 選用制冷劑時應滿足的基本條件 33
5.1.2 改用R134a時采用的措施 33
5.2 潤滑油的選擇 34
5.2.1 選擇潤滑油需滿足的要求 34
5.2.2 選用R134a對潤滑油的意義 35
5.3 附件 36
5.3.1 電磁離合器 36
5.3.2 軸封及密封 37
5.4 本章小結(jié) 38
結(jié) 論 39
參考文獻 40
致 謝 41
附錄1 42
0
第1章 緒 論
1.1 汽車空調(diào)的歷程、意義和特點
1.1.1 汽車空調(diào)歷程
汽車問世已有一百多年的歷史。隨著生活水平的逐步提高,汽車已成為人們生活中的必需品,成為房間生活的延伸部分。對房間環(huán)境的要求同樣延伸到汽車上,空調(diào)便是其中一個重要內(nèi)容。汽車上安裝空調(diào)裝置的主要目的在于營造一個舒適的環(huán)境條件[1]。
汽車空調(diào)是從暖氣開始的,最初是用煤炭腳爐取暖及把排氣管從車室內(nèi)通過。第一臺完整的汽車空調(diào)裝置出現(xiàn)在1927年,它包括一個加熱器、一套通風系