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2016高考導(dǎo)航——適用于全國卷Ⅰ,專題4 非謂語動詞,,專題4 非謂語動詞,,1．(2015高考安徽卷，單項填空，改編)__________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 2．(2014高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空，節(jié)選)But the river wasn’t changed in a few days or even a few months.It took years of work____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.,考點一 非謂語動詞作主語、表語,Ignoring,to reduce,3．(2014高考廣東卷，語法填空，節(jié)選)We got a little ____________(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind. 4．(2015山東省青島市高三自主診斷)It’s never foolish _______________(acknowledge) you are in the wrong.Being human，we all need the art of apology.,sunburnt,to acknowledge,1．不定式和動名詞作主語 (1)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動作，而不定式作主語則表示具體的、某一次的行為。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直面你的問題而不是逃避它們，是解決這些問題最好的方 法。(習(xí)慣性的動作) To complete the program needs much effort. 完成這項計劃需要很大的努力。(具體的動作),As is known to us，it’s no use complaining without taking action. 眾所周知，只抱怨不采取行動沒用。 It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly.定期 更新數(shù)據(jù)是很重要的。,2．非謂語動詞作表語 (1)不定式、動名詞都可以作表語，但動名詞作表語多指抽象 的、經(jīng)常性的動作；而不定式則多表示具體的動作，尤其是某一次的動作。 What he did in the meeting was chatting with Mary. 他在會議上所做的事情是與瑪麗談話。 My job is to clean the house three times a week. 我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。,(2)get，become，look，seem，appear等系動詞后可跟過去分詞作表語，表示被動或主語的狀態(tài)。 This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures.溫斯頓丘吉爾的這句名言告訴我們，失敗后我們絕不能氣餒。,單句語法填空 1．(2015太原五中第二學(xué)期階段檢測)Scientists have discovered that ____________(stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. 2．(2014高考安徽卷，單項填空，改編)While waiting for the opportunity to get____________(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 3．As is known to all，it is no good____________(learn) without practice.,staying,promoted,learning,1．(2015高考全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，節(jié)選)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without__________ (use) electric equipment. 2．(2014高考全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，節(jié)選)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused _____________(stop) until we reached the next stop.,考點二 非謂語動詞作賓語、補(bǔ)語,using,to stop,3．(2015高考陜西卷，語法和詞匯知識，改編)Back from his two－year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ____________(take) good care of at home. 4．(2015高考浙江卷，單項填空，改編)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _________________ (perform)live is quite another.,taken,being performed,一、非謂語動詞作賓語 1．有些動詞或動詞短語后通常接不定式作賓語,巧記如下:,此外，learn，choose，afford，happen，wait等也常用不定 式作賓語。 All the factors considered，we decided to offer the job to Li Wei，a man of rich experience. 所有的因素都考慮進(jìn)去，我們決定把這個工作給李偉，一個很有經(jīng)驗的人。,2．表示下列含義的動詞或動詞短語后常接動名詞作賓語，巧記如下：,此外，feel like，devote to，be/get used to，object to，set about，insist on，pay attention to，stick on，be busy(in)，have difficult/trouble(in)等動詞短語后也接動名詞作賓語。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我回避提及這個問題，以免冒犯他。 易錯警示,二、非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 1．分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主 語，該動詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作 賓語補(bǔ)足語強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行中的主動動作，即動作過程的一部 分?？梢越舆@種復(fù)合賓語的動詞有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬頭注意到一條蛇正蜿蜒著爬上樹去捕捉它的早餐。,Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help? 聽！你聽到有人正在呼喊救命了嗎？ (2)過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯賓 語，表示被動和完成，該動詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動 賓關(guān)系。 Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. 詹尼希望史密斯先生會建議一個好的方法以使她的英語寫作 在短期內(nèi)得到提升。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. 當(dāng)我們看到道路被雪封住后，我們決定在家過假期。,2．with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ) (1)with＋賓語＋doing(表示主動且進(jìn)行) (2)with＋賓語＋done(表示被動且完成) (3)with＋賓語＋to do(表示將來) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。,John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it. 約翰收到一份宴請函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受 了邀請。 With these clothes to wash，I can’t go out. 有這么多衣服要洗，我不能出去。,單句語法填空 1．(2015濟(jì)南高考模擬)One day when Laennec was walking in the park，he saw some girls ____________(play)with a see －saw(蹺蹺板)． 2．(2015河北保定二模)From then on，his fear of talking before a big audience disappeared.Actually Jack had his confidence ____________(build) up.Now he turns out to be a good speaker.,playing,built,3．(2015河南項城模擬)You can imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes________ (fix) upon me. 4．(2015山東泰安檢測)With some books__________(buy)，he went into the bookstore on the way home.,fixed,to buy,1. (2015高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空，節(jié)選)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people____________(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 2．(2015南昌十所重點中學(xué)交流試卷)One day，he lost a small bag ____________(contain)50 gold coins. 3．(2015山東濟(jì)南二模)A US TV show____________(call) A Walk in Your Shoes gives people the chance to try.,考點三 非謂語動詞作定語,living,containing,called,一、分詞作定語 1．現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)作定語 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，分詞與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動、進(jìn)行。單個分詞作定語要前置，分詞短語作定語要后置。 There is a door leading to the garden.有一座門通往花園。,特別注意 被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時，用 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式(being done)作定語，表示該動作的被動 和進(jìn)行。 The meeting being held now is important. 現(xiàn)在正在開的這個會很重要。,2．過去分詞(done)作定語 過去分詞作定語，被修飾的名詞與分詞在邏輯上是被動關(guān) 系，表示被動或完成。 Tsinghua University，founded in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 清華大學(xué)建立于1911年，是許多杰出人物的搖籃。,二、不定式作定語 不定式作定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的 動作。 1．不定式一般式的主動形式(to do)作定語，表示將要發(fā)生的 主動動作。不定式一般式的被動形式(to be done)作定語，表 示將要發(fā)生的被動動作。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我們被邀請參加下星期五在我們俱樂部舉辦的晚會。,2．不定式用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no，all，any等限 定的中心詞，且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他總是第一個到校，最后一個離校。,單句語法填空 1．(2015濰坊高考模擬)Forest fires are often caused by ____________(break)glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. 2．(2014高考山東卷，單項填空，改編)There’s a note pinned to the door ____________(say) when the shop will open again. 3．(2014高考北京卷，單項填空，改編)There are still many problems____________(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.,broken,saying,to be solved,1．(2015高考福建卷，單項填空，改編)___________(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 2．(2015高考四川卷,單項填空,改編)Little Tom sat________ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.,考點四 非謂語動詞作狀語,To learn,amazed,3．(2015高考重慶卷，單項填空，改編)____________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. 4．(2014高考天津卷，單項填空，改編)Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only_________ (find) it didn’t fit.,Raised,to find,一、不定式作狀語 1．表示目的 (2015高考北京卷，單項填空，改編) To catch the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.為了趕上早班航班，我們提前預(yù)訂了出租車，并且起得很早。 2．表示結(jié)果 不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動詞不定式前面常加only。 George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him. 喬治戰(zhàn)后歸來，卻被告知他的妻子已經(jīng)離他而去。,3．表示原因 He was astonished to hear the terrible news. 聽到那條可怕的消息他感到震驚。,二、分詞作狀語,與句中主語為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，與謂語動詞表示的動作(或狀態(tài))同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生，表示主動、進(jìn)行。,與句中主語為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，先于謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生，表示主動、完成。,與句中主語為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，表完成；用作形容詞的過去分詞表狀態(tài)。,與句中主語為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，表示被動、進(jìn)行，意為“正在被……”。,與句中主語為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，先于句中謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生，表示被動、完成。,Offered an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.由于在這部新電影中擔(dān)任重要角 色，安迪有了出名的機(jī)會。(表原因) More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中國又建了很多高速公路，這使人們的出行變得更容易了。(表結(jié)果),(2015高考天津卷，單項填空，改編)Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 已經(jīng)忙活了兩天，史蒂夫設(shè)法按時完成了他的報告。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.我那天晚上因為被要求加班而錯過了一場精彩的電影。(被動意義，非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前),易錯警示 某些動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且常用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu) 中，此時這些過去分詞只表示一種狀態(tài)，作狀語時不表示被 動關(guān)系，其前不用being。如：located(坐落，位于)，lost(迷 路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)， dressed in(穿著)，tired of(感到厭倦)等，無論它們在句中作 何種成分都不用其－ing形式。 Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room. 他專心于讀書，沒注意到我進(jìn)入房間。,單句語法填空 1．(2015高考天津卷，單項填空，改編)__________(absorb) in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching. 2．(2015河南頂級學(xué)校5月模擬)Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories，____________ (destroy) fourteen homes.,Absorbed,destroying,3．(2015山東臨沂二模)The starter holds the activity， ____________(hope)people can experience the ALS patients’ pain.In the activity，people need to pour the ice water down from their heads，and then propose another three people. 4．(2015江西南昌調(diào)研)George Crum was the cook there.Many rich people often came to the restaurant ____________(enjoy) his cooking.,hoping,to enjoy,技法1 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，辨別“謂語與非謂語” 如果題干中出現(xiàn)了連詞，應(yīng)先考慮使用謂語動詞形式；如 果題干中未出現(xiàn)連詞，且已有謂語動詞則考慮用非謂語動 詞形式。,(2014高考北京卷，單項填空，改編)____________ (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 【解析】 分析題干可知，從屬連詞if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，if在此意為“是否”；when引導(dǎo)的是省略了主語you及be動詞的時間狀語從句。由此可知，主句為祈使句，主語you省略，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動詞原形。故填Observe。,Observe,技法2 尋找邏輯主語，確定邏輯主語與所給動詞之間的關(guān)系 分析非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語(邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者)之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系(也就是看其邏輯主語是動作的發(fā)出者還是接受者)。如果邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是動賓關(guān)系，則用過去分詞形式。但是當(dāng)含有被動意義時，如果非謂語動詞表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用動詞不定式的被動 式；如果非謂語動詞表示的動作正在進(jìn)行，則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的被動式。,(2015高考重慶卷，單項填空，改編)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ____________(use) the sun and the stars. 【解析】 分析題干可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語，相當(dāng)于by using the sun and the stars的省略。,using,技法3 分析所給動詞表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系 根據(jù)非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系確定用一般式還是完成式。如to have done，having done 表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前；to be doing，doing表示該動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。,(2014高考江西卷，單項填空，改編)He is thought _______________(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 【解析】 句意：大家都認(rèn)為他表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢?，F(xiàn)在要為他失業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)的不是別人，正是他自己。sb. be thought 后需用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，act的動作發(fā)生在is thought 的動作之前,故用不定式的完成式，答案為to have acted。,to have acted,