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2019-2020年高一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) nit3 Going places(備課資料)教案 大綱人教版第一冊(cè) 一、異域風(fēng)情 First Sail Round The World Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by travelling west from Europe. In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America. The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan. Magellan sailed from Seville in August 1519 with five ships and about 280 men. Fourteen months later, after spending the cold winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan Strait(海峽).In November 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America. They then continued, hoping to reach Asia. But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. Before they arrived at those islands, later known as the Philippines, men were dying of starvation. While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan was killed in battle. The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail round Africa. After many difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that remained of Magellan’s expedition(探險(xiǎn)).However, their achievement was great. They were the first men to sail round the world. II、知識(shí)歸納 1.Good wishes常見(jiàn)表達(dá)歸納 （1）Giving good wishes Good luck(to you)!祝您好運(yùn)！ I wish you good luck/success. 祝您好運(yùn)/成功。 Good(Happy)journey(to you)./I wish you a pleasant journey./Have a good trip. 祝您旅途一帆風(fēng)順。 Have a nice/good/pleasant time./Enjoy yourself. 祝您玩得愉快！ Happy New Year/Merry Christmas/Happy Teachers’ Day! 新年快樂(lè)/圣誕節(jié)快樂(lè)/教師節(jié)快樂(lè)！ Happy birthday to you./Have a happy birthday./I’d like to wish you a happy birthday! (祝你)生日快樂(lè)！ Best wishes to you on this holiday season. 向你致以最誠(chéng)摯的節(jié)日祝福。 Best of luck in the new term ahead in your study. 祝你新學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步。 Make still further progress in the new term! 祝你新學(xué)期百尺竿頭，更進(jìn)一步！ I hope everything goes well./I hope things go all right with you. 希望你萬(wàn)事如意。 Good luck in the examination. 祝你考試成功。 Have a nice weekend. 周末愉快。 Mum and Dad: Please accept my sincere wishes for the New Year. I hope you will continue to enjoy good health. 爸爸媽媽：請(qǐng)接受我誠(chéng)摯的新年祝福，順祝身體健康。 A merry Christmas from all of your students. 祝您圣誕快樂(lè)，您的全體學(xué)生敬上。 Warmest thoughts and best wishes from your daughter. 寄上無(wú)限的思念和最美好的祝愿，你們的女兒敬上。 （2）Responses Many thanks./Thank you(very much)! 多謝(非常感謝)！ Thank you. You too./Thanks. And you too./Thank you very much. The same to you! 謝謝你。你也一樣！ It’s very nice/kind of you to say so. 謝謝你這么說(shuō)。 2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法歸納(六種用法) 1.表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作有兩種含義： (1)表示說(shuō)話的時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now, at this moment等連用。(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而不一定是說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與表示現(xiàn)階段意義的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now(目前)，today, this week, this term, this year等連用。 e.g. Right now it is the summer vacation and I am helping my dad on the farm. 現(xiàn)在正是暑假，我在農(nóng)場(chǎng)幫我爸爸干活兒。 I’m sitting on a rock near the river with my friends. 我和我的朋友們正坐在河邊的一塊巖石上。 （2）表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般不會(huì)變動(dòng)，若用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，固定不變的意味更強(qiáng)。能這樣用的動(dòng)詞多是e, go, leave, arrive等之類的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中這種用法有擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)，幾乎表示計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作都可以用這種形式。通常這種句子都帶有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 e.g. My train is leaving at 6:25 tomorrow morning.(=My train leaves at 6:25 tomorrow morning.) 我要坐的火車明天早上六點(diǎn)二十五分開(kāi)。 （3）用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行。 e.g. When you are riding a bike along the street don’t forget the traffic light. 你沿著大街騎自行車的時(shí)候，別忘了看交通燈。 （4）表示經(jīng)常性的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常和副詞always, constantly, continually等連用，表示說(shuō)話人的贊嘆、滿意、討厭、不耐煩等語(yǔ)氣，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)只是一般的平鋪直敘，表達(dá)不出這種感情色彩。試比較： We are living happily. 我們現(xiàn)在日子過(guò)得很幸福。 (帶有滿意的色彩) We live happily.(一般地說(shuō)明) She is always working hard like that. 她總是那樣勤奮地工作。(贊揚(yáng)語(yǔ)氣) She always works hard. 她一向工作努力。(說(shuō)明情況) （5）表示要求、愿望的動(dòng)詞(如want, hope, wish, wonder等)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示與對(duì)方說(shuō)話時(shí)態(tài)度禮貌，顯得委婉、客氣，這種用法沒(méi)有動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的意味。 e.g. I’m hoping you’ll give me some advice. 我希望你給我一些建議。 I’m wondering if you have time to help me with my English. 我不知道你是否有時(shí)間幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 當(dāng)表示某一時(shí)刻的感受時(shí)，be, feel, like, look forward to等在口語(yǔ)中常用進(jìn)行時(shí)，含有進(jìn)行的意味。 e.g. The child is being naughty today. 這孩子今天在淘氣。(暗含這孩子平時(shí)不淘氣) How are you feeling now? 你現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)如何？ （6）表示剛過(guò)去的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這一用法不如用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)。 e.g. I don’t know what you are talking about. 我不知道你剛剛說(shuō)的是什么？ I don’t know what you said(have said). 我不明白你說(shuō)的話。 3.consider的用法歸納 consider是高考?？紕?dòng)詞之一，其主要用法可歸納為兩點(diǎn)： (1)考慮 consider +n./ pron./doing consider + clause consider + wh-+to do sth. e.g.Tom said he would consider the problem. 湯姆說(shuō)他會(huì)考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題的。 He is considering changing his job. 他在考慮調(diào)換一下工作。 He considered how he should answer. 他考慮應(yīng)當(dāng)如何回答。 They considered what to do next. 他們考慮下一步該怎么辦。 (2)把……看作；認(rèn)為 consider + that clause consider sb.+(to be)+n./adj. e.g. They considered that he had made a great mistake. 他們認(rèn)為他犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。 We don’t consider Tom to be our best friend. 我們并不把湯姆當(dāng)成我們最好的朋友。 They considered themselves very important. 他們自以為非常重要。 4.experience n.&v. (1)作名詞“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”(多作不可數(shù)名詞) Experience is the mother of wisdom. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)是智慧之母。 I have no experience of/in teaching. 我沒(méi)有教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 間或作可數(shù)名詞，表示某種經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 e.g. Every experience is of value. 每一份經(jīng)驗(yàn)都是寶貴的。 (2)作名詞“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)過(guò)的事”(可數(shù)名詞) I shall never forget the first night’s experience. 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一個(gè)晚上經(jīng)歷過(guò)的事。 (3)作動(dòng)詞“經(jīng)歷、感受、感到” For the first time, we experienced defeat. 我們第一次感受到了失敗。 5.as well as的用法 (1)as well as作“和、同”解，具有連詞性質(zhì)，常用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分。如果連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)與前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 e.g. Einstein was a violinist as well as a physicist. 愛(ài)因斯坦不僅是個(gè)物理學(xué)家，而且是個(gè)小提琴手。 His name is known all over the world as well as in Japan. 他不僅聞名日本，而且聞名世界。 She is clever as well as beautiful. 她不僅長(zhǎng)得美，而且人也聰明。 My son as well as I enjoys music. 我的兒子和我一樣喜歡音樂(lè)。 (2)在表達(dá)“不但……而且……”之意時(shí)，“as well as”側(cè)重前項(xiàng)，而“not only…but also…”側(cè)重后項(xiàng)。連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，“not only…but also…”按照就近一致的原則確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。如： He knows French as well as English. =He knows not only English but also French. 他不僅懂英語(yǔ)，而且懂法語(yǔ)。 The boy is lively as well as healthy. =The boy is not only healthy but also lively. 這男孩既健康又活潑。 My parents as well as my elder brother like sports. =Not only my elder brother but also my parents like sports. 不僅我哥哥，而且我的父母都喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。 III、詞語(yǔ)辨析 (1)trip, journey, travel, tour, voyage (1)trip一般指短距離的旅行；journey一般指時(shí)間和距離都較長(zhǎng)的陸路旅行。在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，trip和journey?？赏ㄓ?，和trip, journey搭配的動(dòng)詞有make, take和go on。如： make/take/go on a trip/journey to Europe到歐洲旅行 on a/one’s trip/journey; on a short/long pleasant trip/journey Have a pleasant trip. 祝旅行愉快。 The journey to the seaside will take not more than two days. 到海邊去旅行最多需要花兩天時(shí)間。 I at once began making preparations for a trip home. 我馬上開(kāi)始為回家的旅途做準(zhǔn)備。 (2)travel常用作抽象名詞，泛指“旅行，旅游”，指具體旅行時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)，但前面不用many或數(shù)詞。 e.g. a book of travels/travel books 游記 travel service 旅行社 He came back home after years of foreign travel. 國(guó)外多年旅行后，他回到了家鄉(xiāng)。 I made a few foreign friends during my travels. 我在旅行時(shí)結(jié)識(shí)了幾位外國(guó)朋友。 travel還可以用作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。 e.g. He is fond of travelling. 他喜歡旅行。 He is travelling in Africa. 他在非洲旅行。 She planned to travel round the world. 她打算環(huán)球旅行。 He has traveled (over)the whole world. 他曾周游全球。 (3)voyage指水上或空中旅行，不拘距離長(zhǎng)短。 e.g. Only a few men survived the voyage. 這次航海只有幾個(gè)人幸存。 He got seasick during the voyage. 在航行中他暈船。 (4)tour指“周游，巡回旅行”，常是訪問(wèn)一系列地方后又回到原出發(fā)地。 Our American friends are making a tour of Shanghai. 我們的美國(guó)朋友正在對(duì)上海進(jìn)行巡回旅行。 2.holiday, vacation, leave 三個(gè)詞都有“節(jié)假日”的意思，但在假日的種類、性質(zhì)上、對(duì)象上各不相同。 holiday是常用語(yǔ)，指規(guī)定的節(jié)假日，也可指學(xué)校的假期，可長(zhǎng)可短，但表較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間常用復(fù)數(shù)。vacation與holiday相近，單復(fù)數(shù)均可，多用于美國(guó)，在英國(guó)著重指大專院校假期或法定的休假期；leave一般指政府機(jī)關(guān)的公務(wù)員、軍人等的假期，也可指病假。 e.g. Where are you going for your holiday/vacation? 你打算去哪兒度假？ Colleges and universities usually have two vacation: the summer one and the winter one. 大專院校通常有兩個(gè)假期：暑假和寒假。 The student asked his teacher for leave. 這個(gè)學(xué)生向他的老師請(qǐng)了假。 3. instead, instead of 兩者都有“代替”之意，但彼此不能替換。 (1)instead是副詞，單獨(dú)使用，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。用instead時(shí)，句中的動(dòng)作是被“取”的，即要做的。 e.g. If you are busy, you may e another day instead. 要是你忙的話，就改日再來(lái)吧。 He didn’t go to the cinema. Instead he went swimming. 他去游泳了而沒(méi)去看電影。 (2)instead of是介詞短語(yǔ)，其后要接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。用instead of時(shí)，of后面的事情是被“舍”的，即不去做的。 e.g. Parents should give their children more advice instead of money. 父母應(yīng)當(dāng)給孩子更多的忠告，而不是金錢。 She wanted to go to see a film instead of staying at home. 她想去看電影，而不是呆在家里。 instead of還可作并列連詞，后可接形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)。 e.g. I’ll go there on foot instead of by bus. 我要步行去那兒，不坐汽車去。 This book is dull instead of interesting. 這本書不但無(wú)趣，反倒枯燥無(wú)味。 4.get close to，be closed, close to get close to “靠近”強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；be close to“離……很近”，表示狀態(tài)；close to“接近于”，可作定語(yǔ)。 e.g. Please get close to me so that you may hear me clearly. 請(qǐng)靠近我，你就能聽(tīng)清我說(shuō)的話了。 My home is close to our school. 我家離學(xué)校很近。 The houses close to the school are on fire. 靠近學(xué)校的那些房子著火了。 IV能力訓(xùn)練 I單句改錯(cuò) 1. I usually go to school on foot instead by bike. 簡(jiǎn)析：instead后加of。instead是副詞，常置于句首或句末，后不能跟賓語(yǔ)，如后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用介詞短語(yǔ)instead of。 2. Good luck to your trip. 簡(jiǎn)析：to改為with。good luck to之后通常接sb.，為“祝某人走運(yùn)”，而good luck with之后則常接 sth.，為“祝某事順利(成功)”之意。 3. Mr. Green’s family are going to London on the holiday. 簡(jiǎn)析：on改為for?！癵o to somewhere for the/one’s holiday.”表示“去某地度假”，固定搭配。 4. We are about to leave right away. 簡(jiǎn)析：去掉right away。be about to表示即刻要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不能再與表示將來(lái)的狀語(yǔ)連用。 5. He was considering to write the article. 簡(jiǎn)析：在to前加how,或?qū)o write改為writing。consider作“考慮”講時(shí)，后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞以及疑問(wèn)詞+不定式短語(yǔ)，但不能直接接不定式。 6. This afternoon I can’t go there with you. My uncle’s family arrive and ask me to meet them. 簡(jiǎn)析：arrive改為are arriving。從句意可知，他們要來(lái)，并且是事先約定好了的事，不是臨時(shí)決定的事，用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。 2.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成下列英語(yǔ)句子 （1）今我天我奶奶要步行去購(gòu)物而不是坐公共汽車。 Today my grandma wants to go shopping on foot_____ ____ _____ ____. 答案：instead of by bus （2）我女兒喜歡在因特網(wǎng)上沖浪勝過(guò)在網(wǎng)上聊天。 My daughter ____ _____ _______ the Internet _____ _____ _______ online. 答案：prefers to surf; rather than chat （3）生態(tài)旅游對(duì)大自然有著非常好的影響。 Eco-travel ______ _______ _____ ______ _______ _______ nature. 答案：jas a very good effect on （4）目前最快的交通方式就是乘飛機(jī)。 Now ______ _______ _______ _______ ________ is by plane. （5）這么冷的天，你應(yīng)該穿暖和一些以免著涼。 In_______ _______ ________you should wear warm clothes______ _____yourself _____the cold. 答案:such cold weather; to protect; from/against 6.媽媽經(jīng)常告訴我過(guò)馬路時(shí)要留意車輛。 Mother often tells me ______ ______ ______ _______the traffic when crossing the street. 答案: to watch ort for