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2019-2020年高一英語下冊 Unit15 The necklace(備課資料)教案 大綱人教版第一冊 Britain is one of the worlds major centres for theatre,and has a long and rich dramatic tradition.There are panies based in London and in many other cities and towns;in addition,numerous touring panies visit theatres,festivals and other venues,including arts and sports centres and social clubs. Many contemporary British playwrights have received international recognition. Britain has about 300 theatres intended for professional use which can seat between 200 and 2300 people.Some are privately owned,but most are owned either municipally or by non-profit-making organizations.Over 40 of these have resident theatre panies receiving subsidies from the Arts Councils and Regional Arts Boards.In summer there are also open air theatres,including one in Londons Regents Park and the Minack Theatre,which is on a clifftop near Lands End in Cornwall. 二、知識歸納 (一)I dont think that… 在含賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，按原句意思應(yīng)放在從句中的否定詞有時轉(zhuǎn)移到主句 的謂語中，這種現(xiàn)象叫做否定轉(zhuǎn)移(Transferred Negation)。主句中的謂語動詞是think,believe,feel,suppose,guess,appear,seem,expect,imagine等表示“看法”“感覺”的動詞時，常用否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 e.g.I dont think(that)you need worry. (I think you neednt worry.) 我認(rèn)為你無須著急。 I dont believe(that)you two have met,have you? (I believe you two havent met.) 我相信你們倆還未見過面，是嗎？ 使用否定轉(zhuǎn)移時，還須注意以下幾點： 1.并不是所有表示“看法……感覺”的動詞都能用于否定轉(zhuǎn)移，如hope,trust,be afraid,fear等動詞就不能用于這種形式。 2.下列情況，上述用于否定轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞也不宜用否定轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)構(gòu)。 (1)上述動詞意義發(fā)生變化時： e.g.Let us suppose A doesnt equal B. 咱們假定A不等于B。 (2)當(dāng)主句謂語有do,does等強調(diào)詞時： e.g.I do think you shouldnt go there. 我實在認(rèn)為你不應(yīng)該去那里。 (3)當(dāng)主句中有情態(tài)動詞或副詞修飾時： e.g.I cant believe that they are married. 我不相信他們結(jié)婚了。 I often think that Im not fit for the job. 我常想我不適合這個工作。 (4)當(dāng)句子以疑問句形式出現(xiàn)時： Do you think that it is true? 你認(rèn)為這不對嗎？ (5)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞與另一個動詞并列時： e.g.I should not only think but also be sure that it wont rain tonight. 我不僅該認(rèn)為而且該肯定今晚天不會下雨。 (6)當(dāng)賓語從句中是not/never…too…(越……越好，無論怎樣……也不過分)結(jié)構(gòu)時，不能用否定轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)構(gòu)，因為這時整個句子不是否定的，而是肯定的。 e.g.I think he can not do the work too well. 我想他干得越出色越好。 (7)當(dāng)從句中含有every,all,both,each,many等詞時： e.g.I suppose both answers are not right. I dont suppose both answers are right. 我不是認(rèn)為兩個答案都對。 3.從句中除not以外的否定詞(如never,no,hardly,little,few,seldom,scarcely等)不能直接轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。 e.g.I thought he had never e here. I never thought he had e here. 本句意是：I didnt think he had ever e here. 4.否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子構(gòu)成反意疑問句時，如果主句的主語是第一人稱，附加問句部分要與賓語從句取得一致。 e.g.I dont think that you can get there in time,can you? 我認(rèn)為你不能及時到達那里，你能不能呢？ I think that they are ing tomorrow arent they? 我認(rèn)為他們明天來，對嗎？ (二)cost的用法 1.vt.價值(多少錢)，需要(多少錢)；花費金錢，花費時間 e.g.How much does the book cost? 這本書需要多少錢？ My hat cost twenty dollars. 我的帽子價值二十美元。 The journey cost me more than 50 dollars/more than ten hours. 這次旅行花了我五十美元/十多個小時。 2.cost還可表示“使付出(代價)，使……失去……”。 e.g.It cost me a lot of work. 它使我付出了很多勞動。 Careless driving cost him his life. 開車不小心使他喪生。 The battle cost the king xx men. 這次戰(zhàn)斗使國王損失了二千人。 3.cost作名詞，“費用，成本，價錢”。 e.g.She just had to pay for the cost of food. 他只需付飯錢。 It was sold under cost price. 那個東西賠本賣掉了。 Whats the cost of the car? 那輛汽車得花多少錢？ (三)情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法歸納： 情態(tài)動詞中的must,can,could,should,ought to,may,might等都表示推測。其中must的推測性最大；can/could(should/ought to)次之；may/might最小。must表推測時只用于肯定句中；can/could用于否定句、疑問句中；may/might用于肯定句、否定句中。下面就它們的具體用法進行講解。 1.must的用法 (1)must可以對現(xiàn)在、現(xiàn)在進行的情況進行推測。 e.g.Judging by his accent,he must be from the south. 聽他的口音，他一定是南方人。 此句的反意疑問句為：isnt it?(因must后是系動詞be) Tom bought a lot of apples.He must like eating apples. 湯姆買了很多蘋果，他一定喜歡吃蘋果。 此句的反意疑問句為：doesnt he?(因must后是實義動詞like) It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off.They must be sleeping now. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是深夜十一點且燈都關(guān)了，他們一定是睡覺了。 此句的反意疑問句為：arent they?(must后接的是be sleeping，是對現(xiàn)正在進行的情況的推測) (2)must還可以對過去的情況進行推測，用must have done。 e.g.The ground is very wet.It must have rained last night. 地面很濕，昨天晚上一定下雨了。 must have done的反意疑問句有三種情況： ①若句中含有過去的時間狀語，用一般過去時完成反意疑問句。如例句的反意疑問句為：didnt it? ②若句中含有過去完成時的時間狀語，用過去完成時完成反意疑問句。 e.g.We must have learned xx words by the end of last term,hadnt we? ③若句中不含任何時間狀語，用現(xiàn)在完成時完成反意疑問句。 e.g.He must have gone to Beijing,hasnt he? 他一定是去北京了，是嗎？ 2.can/could的用法 (1)can后跟動詞原形；表示對現(xiàn)在情況的否定和疑問推測。 e.g.Mr.Li has gone to Beijing.The man at the gate cant be him. 李老師去北京了，門口的那個人不可能是他。 The watch is not yours,who elses can it be? 這塊表不是你的，它可能是誰的呢？ (2)can/could have done是對過去發(fā)生的情況的推測。 e.g.—Can they have finished the work? 他們可能完成工作了嗎？ —No,they havent finished it. 他們不可能完成它。 3.may/might的用法 might比may更委婉、含蓄或更加不肯定。 e.g.He may/might be English. 他可能是英國人。 She may/might have gone to the library. 她可能去圖書館了。 4.should/ought to的用法 should/ought to表推測，意為“理應(yīng)，應(yīng)該”。 e.g.They left yesterday.They should be home by now. 他們昨天就離開了，現(xiàn)在理應(yīng)到家了。 三、詞語辨析 (一)dress,have on,put on,pull on,wear,in,with 1.dress作不及物動詞“穿好衣服”，作及物動詞，表示動作或狀態(tài)，賓語只能是“人”，不能接衣服，表示“給……穿衣服”。 e.g.She washed dressed and went out. 她洗過臉，穿好衣服就出去了。 Mary is too young to dress herself. 瑪麗太小了自己穿不了衣服。 be dressed in表示某人穿著什么衣服 e.g.The nurses are all dressed in white. 護士們都穿著白衣服。 注：He is well dressed. 他穿得很好。 2.have on(=be wearing)“穿著、戴著”(衣服、帽子、鞋)，表示狀態(tài)，不能用進行時態(tài)。 e.g.The Emperor had nothing on in the procession. 游行時，皇帝一絲不掛。 3.put on“穿戴”表示動作，反義詞為take off。 Its cold today.Youd better put on more clothes. 今天天氣冷，你最好多穿些衣服。 4.wear“穿著，戴著”表示穿戴的狀態(tài)。也可以表示留發(fā)式、留胡須、戴手表、首飾等。 She shouldnt wear red. 她不該穿紅衣服的。 She was wearing a gold ring/a red flower in her hair. 她戴著金戒指/頭上戴著一朵紅花。 Many women wear their hair short now. 現(xiàn)在很多婦女留短發(fā)。 He wears a short beard/his beard short. 他留著短胡須。 5.pull on表示動作，反義詞是pull off,表示不經(jīng)心地、隨便地或匆忙地穿上衣服、襪子、戴上手套。 She pulled her clothes on and went on school. 她匆匆忙忙地穿上衣服上學(xué)去了。 6.in后接衣服，也可接顏色，可作定語或和be連用作謂語。 The man in blue is our teacher. 穿藍衣服的那個人是我的老師。 7.with表示穿戴，只能作定語，而且只能和眼鏡、手套等連用，不能接衣服。 e.g.The boy with thick glasses is our monitor. 戴深度眼鏡那個男孩是我們的班長。 (二)true,real 1.true還可表示“符合實際的”，real可表示“真正的而不是想象的”，兩者不可換用。 This is a true story of real life. 這是一個從現(xiàn)實生活中取材的真實故事。 This is a story of a true man. 這是一個根據(jù)真人所編的故事。 2.real不能用來修飾表示人的名詞。true可表示“忠誠的”而real不能。 A true friend will always help you. 忠誠的朋友會永遠幫助你。 (三)worth,worthy of(to),worth while 1.worth作“價值”講，后面跟名詞，(只限于錢數(shù)，或相當(dāng)于錢數(shù)的詞)表示“值多少錢”。 e.g.The bike is worth 200 yuan. 這輛自行車值200元。 It is worth much more than I paid for it. 它的價值遠遠超過我所付給的錢。 worth表示“值得”后跟動名詞主動形式表示被動意義；“很值得”是be well worth. e.g.The book is well worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。 2.worthy of后接動名詞或動名詞的被動語態(tài)。 worthy后接不定式的被動語態(tài)。 e.g.The question is worthy of consideration. 這個問題值得考慮。 Jane is worthy to be chosen. =Jane is worthy of being chosen. 珍妮值得當(dāng)選。 3.worth while表示“……是值得的”，其后跟不定式或動名詞均可。 It is worth while to try/trying this experiment. 做這個實驗值得。 (四)pay back,pay for,pay off 1.pay back意為“歸還，償還”，其賓語通常為所借之物；也可作“報復(fù)”解，常用pay sb.back(for…)的形式。 This was paid back in the following year. 這在第二年就全部償還了。 To pay a person back in his own coin. 以其人之道，還治其人之身。 Ill pay him back for what he did to me. 我要向他報復(fù)。 2.pay for意為“支付……的費用”，for為介詞。其常用句型是：pay for sth,pay sb. for sth,pay(sb.)some money for sth.或pay some money to sb for sth. You must pay for what you eat and drink. 你必須付你吃喝的費用。 Have you paid for the shoes? 那雙鞋你付錢了嗎？ You must pay me for the clothes. 這些衣服你必須給我付錢。 I paid six yuan for the milk. 我付了六元的牛奶費。 All these things are to be paid for. 所有這一些都會得到報應(yīng)的。 3.pay off意思是“全部還清”。 Soon they paid off the debts. 不久他們就把債務(wù)全部還清了。 He hoped he would have an opportunity to pay them off. 他希望有機會把它們償還掉。 四、能力訓(xùn)練 (一)根據(jù)所給漢語完成下列句子。 1.因為多年的艱苦勞作，愛麗斯看上去比實際年齡老得多。 Alice looked much older than she was___________hard work. 答案：because of many years of 2.他買了一幢大房子，讓他父母居住。 He bought a big house for his parents__________. 答案：to live in 3.對不起，我不同意你剛才所說的。 Im sorry,__________I dont___________what you said just now. 答案：but;agree with 4.被邀請參加我們的晚會，杰克遜先生非常高興。 Mr.Jackson was very glad that he___________our party. 答案：was invited to 5.瑪麗和格林已經(jīng)結(jié)婚30多年了。 Mary___________Green for over thirty years. 答案：has been married to (二)單句改錯 1.The scenery in the park was very moving. 簡析：把scenery改為scene。scenery是不可數(shù)的集體名詞，是從審美的觀點來看自然風(fēng)景；而scene指從某處所見之景色，但多半包含人與動作。 2.He was the older of her two sons. 簡析：把older改為elder。指兄弟姐妹中年齡較大的要用elder。 3.I dont think it will rain tomorrow,do I? 簡析:把do I改為“will it”。當(dāng)陳述部分是“I/we think/believe/expect/suppose/imagine+賓語從句”時，反意問句應(yīng)當(dāng)與從句一致，若有否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象，反意問句用肯定式。 4.How pretty the flower looks in the girl! 簡析：把in改為on。in后常接表示顏色或服飾的名詞；on后一般接人，表示“某物附在身上”。 5.She married to a man from America. 簡析：去掉to或在married前加was?！昂湍橙私Y(jié)婚”只能用marry sb.或be/get married to sb.。 6.The book is well worth being read. 簡析：把being read改為reading或?qū)orth改為worthy of。參見同義辨析(三)。 7.Would you like to call on his house? 簡析：把call on改為all at。call on和call at都可表示“拜訪”習(xí)慣上，call on+人；call at+地點。 8.How long has he recognized you? 簡析：把recognized改為known。recognize表示“認(rèn)出”以前認(rèn)識的人或事物，是終止性動詞，不能與段時間的狀語連用。若指持續(xù)性動作，用know。 9.I dont think English is too hard to be learnt. 簡析：把be learnt改為learn。表語形容詞后的不定式常用主動形式表示被動。 10.The government has carried out all their promises. 簡析：把their改為its或has改為have。government是集體名詞，作主語時，若將其看成是一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式；若強調(diào)整體中的各個成員時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 五、高考真題 1.(xx安徽春招)Naturally,after I told her what to do,my daughter__________go and do the opposite. A.can　 B.must C.may D.need 簡析：選B。從naturally“自然地、無疑地、確定地”的提示可知選B，must意為“必定、肯定”。這句話的意思是：“毫無疑問，我告訴過女兒要做什么之后，她一定會做出相反的事情來?！? 2.(NMET xx)—Is John corning by train? —He should,but he__________not.He likes driving his car. A.ca n B.must C.may D.need 簡析：選C。由答句中的should“應(yīng)該”乘火車“及轉(zhuǎn)折詞but和補充句He likes driving his car可知應(yīng)選C。 3.(xx北京)—I heard they went sking in the mountains last winter. —It__________true because there was little snow there. A.may not be B.wont be C.couldnt be D.mustnt be 簡析：選C。本題考查情態(tài)動詞否定式的用法。may not“不可以，可能不”；wont“將不會，不愿意”；couldnt“不可能”，mustnt“不準(zhǔn)，禁止”，根據(jù)題意選C。 4.(xx上海春招)My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who__________have taken it? A.should B.must C.could D.would 簡析：選C。本題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。should“應(yīng)該”；must“必須，一定”；could表能力，許可，可能性；would表示將來、愿意或表示過去習(xí)慣性動作，本題意思為：我的英漢詞典不見了。可能是誰拿了呢？