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2019-2020年高三英語一輪復習 Unit7 Culture relics教案 人教大綱版 ⊕考綱要求： 考綱規(guī)定的考試范圍: 1. 重點單詞與短語relic; pyramid; represent; include; ruin; burn; restore; portrait; recreate; unite; period; damage; project; brick; official; cave; pollution; breath; limit; give in; give up; in ruins; bring…back to life; pull down; set up; 2. 句型 Where there is a river, there is a city. where 引導地點狀語從句 Strong, proud and united, the people of St. Petersburg are the modem heroes of Russia. 形容詞作狀語 We would do everything we can to save our city.表示“竭盡全力”的說法 3. 語法：現在完成時的被動語態(tài) 復習本章要達到的目標 1. 掌握represent; include; ruin; recreate; period; damage; project; pollution; breath; limit; give in; give up; in ruins; bring…back to life; pull down; set up; 等重點單詞及短語的用法。 2. 掌握 where 引導的三種從句的用法；形容詞做狀語的用法；以及現在完成時的被動語態(tài)的用法。 ⊕教材知識歸納 ◆知識歸納 1. You can select five things that represent Chinese culture. represent的用法： (1)描繪,(抽象地)表現 This picture represents a scene at King Arthurs court. 這幅畫描繪了亞瑟王法庭的一個場面。 (2) 象征;表示 The dove represents peace. 鴿子象征和平。 (3) 作為...的代表 They said that they represented the mittee. 他們說他們代表該委員會。 (4)有代表;有代表作 All the different races of the country were represented at the parade. 游行中有該國各種族的代表。 The museum had several paintings representing the artists early style. 博物館中有幾幅畫家早期風格的代表作。 2. You may also include a short message include的用法：包括；包含；使成為……的一部分 I think youll find the plan includes most of your suggestions. 我想你會發(fā)現這個計劃包括了你的大部分建議。 Your duties will include putting the children to bed. 哄小孩入睡也將是你工作的一部分。 相關歸納： （1）sb./sth. included= sb./sth. counted“被包括”用在名詞或代詞之后，表被動意義 （2）including sb./sth. =counting sb./sth. “包括”用在名詞之前，表主動意義 All of us, including me/ me included, have read this book. 所有的人，包括我在內，都看過這本書。 Six people were killed in the riot(暴亂), including a policeman. 注意：include 與contain 的區(qū)別 （1）強調整體中包含什么部分。 Ten people went to Beijing , including Tom and me. （2）強調事物本身含有什么，指的是事物的構成。著重指作為組成部分而被包含在內，可指具體的或抽象的事物。 The cigarette contains a lot of nicotine. 3. Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河流的地方，就有城市。 在這個句子中，where 引導了一個地點狀語從句，意思為“有……的地方，就有……”。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Where there is enough sunlight and water, crops grow well. 陽光和水充足的地方，莊稼就長得好。 Go where he tells you to go. 他讓你到哪兒，你就到哪兒。 注意： where 引導的狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 where引導狀語從句時，其前面無先行詞，where也不能換成“介詞+which”。 where 引導定語從句時，其前面有名詞做先行詞，where 可以換成“介詞 + which"。 Make marks where you have any questions. (狀語從句) Make marks at the places where you have any questions. (定語從句) 在你有問題的地方做上標記。 3. It was under attack for 900 days., but the people of the city never gave in. (1) .under +名詞表示正在…或處于某種狀態(tài)中 ①under attack受到攻擊 The police came under attack from all sides. 警察遭到來自四面八方的攻擊。 ②under arrest在關押中 ③under consideration在考慮中 Your plan is under consideration. 你的計劃正在考慮中。 ④under construction在建設中 The building is under construction. 大樓正在建設中。 ⑤under discussion在討論中 The problem is under discussion. 這個問題正在討論中。 ⑥under repair在修理中 The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic. 這條公路正在維修，禁止機動車輛通行。 ⑦under review在檢查中 ⑧under treatment在醫(yī)治中 under investigation在調查中批評 ⑨under study.在研究中 The subject is under study.這個課題正在研究著。 ⑩under contact在聯系中 (2)give in ①give in　vi. 讓步；屈服；投降；勉強同意；交上　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 He would rather die than give in. 他寧死不屈。 Please give your work in before Monday. 請在星期一之前把作業(yè)交上來 Believe in yourself and never give in. 相信你自己，別屈服。 　②give in to…　vt. 向…讓步，遷就 The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ demands. 當局對綁架者的要求沒有絲毫讓步跡象。 The soldier didn’t give in to the enemy. 這個士兵沒有向敵人屈服。 ?、踘ive up ( sth. / doing sth.) （vt.＆ vi.）　放棄，不再做（某事） They gave up without a fight. 他們不戰(zhàn)而降。 She doesn’t give up easily. 她絕不輕易認輸。 ④give off　送出或發(fā)出某物 　　 The room is giving off a funny smell. 房間里冒出股怪味。 ⑤give sth./ sb. away背棄；出賣；泄漏；暴露；贈送；泄露 They are giving away prizes at the new store. 新開張的商店在送贈品。 He gave away most of his money to charity. 他把大部分錢都捐給了慈善事業(yè)。 ⑥give out 用完，消耗盡；分發(fā) 　After a month their food supplies gave out. 過了一個月，他們的食物已消耗殆盡。 　　 The teacher gave out the examination papers. 老師分發(fā)了考試卷。 ⑦give back 還給；歸還；使恢復 My friend gave back the tools that he borrowed. 我朋友歸還了他借的工具。 The operation gave him back the use of his legs. 手術使他的雙腿恢復了功能。 ⑧give sb. a hand 幫某人的忙 Give me a hand with this table. 幫我搬這張桌子。 ⑨give way(to) 屈服于；給...讓路,為...所代替 Dont Give Way to the Temptation of Easy Profit 不要屈服于利益的誘惑。 4.St Petersburg was almost in ruins. in ruins成為廢墟;落空 (1) in 表示某人（某事物）的狀態(tài)或狀況，常用于以下詞組中： 　　in order　　整齊 in a mess 　凌亂 in good repair 保養(yǎng)良好 in a hurry　匆忙地　　in poverty　在貧困中in poor healthy 健康欠佳　 in anger 憤怒地 in pieces 成碎片，破碎 in trouble 陷入麻煩 in danger 陷入危險 in rags 衣衫襤褸 in tears 淚眼婆娑 (2) in 可表示“穿（戴）” He is dressed in white.他身著白色服裝?！　? (3)in 表示手段、材料等 The article was written in ink. 這篇文章是用鋼筆寫的。 Please speak in a loud voice. 請大聲說出來。 (4)in 表示“在某方面，至于” It is a country rich in minerals. 它是一個礦藏豐富的國家。 He is behind others in reading, but a long way ahead in arithmetic. 他在閱讀方面比別人落后，但在算術方面遙遙領先。 It is three feet in length. 它的長度是三英尺。 (5)表示在某人身上發(fā)現的或具有的某種內在品質的東西。 I find the future of our country in all of you. 我在你們身上看到了祖國的未來。 I find a true friend in him. 我在他身上發(fā)現了一個真正的朋友。 5. Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russian 形容詞做狀語表伴隨，原因，等位置可置于句首，也可以置于句未。 形容詞作狀語的情況 形容詞除了常見的在句中作定語、表語和賓語補足語外，也可像副詞一樣在句中作狀語。 (1)原因 Overjoyed，he rushed out of the house． 極其興奮，他沖出了家門。 Much interested，he agreed to give it a try． 由于非常感興趣，他同意一試。 Afraid of difficulties，they prefer to take the easy road． 害怕困難，他們更愿意走這條容易的路。 (2)伴隨或方式 He spent 7 days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry． 他在暴風雪中度過了7天既冷又餓。 Helpless，we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes． 我們絕望地看著房子在我們面前被燒毀。 6.The carbon dioxide from their breath is damaging the paintings. breathe vt. 主要義項有：呼吸；呼出。 breath n. 主要義項有：呼吸；呼出的空氣。 He breathed deeply before speaking again. 他深深地吸了一口氣，然后繼續(xù)說下去。 He opened his mouth and took a deep breath. 他張開嘴深深地吸了一口氣。 相關歸納： （1）hold one’s breath（由于激動、害怕等）不出聲；屏息 Hold your breath or he will find us. 屏住呼吸, 否則他會發(fā)現我們的。 （2）out of breath 上氣不接下氣；喘不過氣來 He said out of breath that the boy was killed by the bus. 他氣喘吁吁地說那個男孩被車撞死了。 After 5 miles’ walk, we were all out of breath. 走了5英里之后我們都上氣不接下氣。 （3）take one’s breath away 令人驚嘆；讓人嘆絕 My first view of the picture took my breath away. 我第一次看到這這幅畫時，嘆賞不已。 7.Second, the number of visitors should be limited. limit的用法 派生詞: limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 無窮盡的，無限的 相關歸納： (1)go beyond / over the limit 超過限度 (2)limit sb./sth. to 使人或物限制在一個范圍內 I shall limit myself to the three aspects of the problem. 我僅對這個問題的三個方面做陳述。 You should limit your speech to 15 minutes. 你必須把你的講話限制在15分鐘內。 （3)a limit to sth. 對什么的限制 There is a limit to the length of your staying here. 對于你在這里能停留的時間有個限制。 ◆概念提示 重點/熱點1：We will do everything we can to save our city! 該句型中can后省略了do，不定式作目的狀語。 “盡其所能去做某事；盡力做某事”的表達方法： (1) sb.do what one can to do (2) sb.do everything/ all （that）one can to do (3) do/try one’s best to do (4) make every effort to do sth.=make the greatest effort to do sth. (5) spare no efforts to do sth. Whenever he met with difficulty, she would do what she could to help him. =Whenever he met with difficulty, she would do all/everything she can to help him. =Whenever he met with difficulty, she would do/try her best to help him. = Whenever he met with difficulty, she would make every effort to help him. = Whenever he met with difficulty, she would spare no efforts to help him. 每當他遇到困難時，她總是盡她所能去幫助他。 易混易錯點1：so far 迄今為止；到目前為止(多與現在完成時連用) We haven’t heard from Tom so far. 到目前為止，我們還沒收到湯姆的來信。 相關歸納： （1）by far常用來修飾比較級或最高級，放在比較級后、最高級前，但是要注意的是如果比較級前有the時by far要放在the 前。 The last of these reasons is by far the most important. 這些理由中最后一條比其他的重要得多。 I feel better by far today. 今天我感覺好多了。 （2）as far as the eye can/could see極目所盡 The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see. 荒涼的曠野向四面伸展開去，一望無際。 （3）as far as I know就我所知 As far as I know, the Pacific Ocean is by far the largest in the world. 據我所知，太平洋是世界上最大的洋。 （4）as far as I can remember（see, tell, etc）盡我所記得的；依我看 As far as I can see, he will help you. 依我看，他會幫助你的。 She lived in Chicago, as far as I can remember. 根據我記得的，她過去住在芝加哥。 （5）as far as sb./sth. be concerned就……而言 As far as I am concerned, you can do what you like. 就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。 ⊕講題組 ◆課內題例與課后題： 課內題例 1. Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ______ the shocking ending. A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off 變式1.What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world had _____? 　　A. given out　　　　 B. put out　　　　　　 C. held out　　　　 D. used up 解析：1.本題考查在特定語境中對短語動詞的辨異和使用能力。準確把握各選項中短語動詞的意思是關鍵。give away意為“泄露（機密），捐贈”;give out意為“分發(fā)；用完、耗盡”;give up意為“放棄”;give off意為“發(fā)出（光、熱、氣味等）”。本題意思是：“不要在故事開頭就提到那事，否則便將驚人的結局暴露了?！敝挥術ive away符合題意，故選A項。答案：A 變式1. 該題意思是“當世界上所有的石油都用完的時候，我們用什么作為能量呀？” give out指“分發(fā),放出,用光”, put out指“生產,出版,撲滅,提供”, hold out“舉起,阻擋,使停頓”, use up“耗盡,耗費”。根據句意這里表示“耗盡,用光”,容易僅根據句意而誤選D.但如果用 use up,需要用被動語態(tài); give out表示“耗盡,用光”時是不及物的,不用被動語態(tài).答案:A 2 .----I’m afraid Mr. Wood can’t see you until 4 o’clock. 　　 ----Oh, _____ I won’t wait. 　　 A. no doubt　　　 B. after all　　　　 C. in that case　　　 D. in this way 變式1.I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ______ I have to wait.　 　A. in case　　　　　 B. so that　　　　　C. in order　　　　 D. as if 變式2. Press the red button _____ fire. A. in case B. in need of C. in case of D. for fear of 解析：2. 從語境中可理解題意為“要是那樣的話，我就不等了”?！〈鸢福篊 變式1. 由句意可知“當我去醫(yī)務室時總要帶上點東西,以防等待” .in case “以防”, so that “為了”。答案:A 變式2. 該句意思是“萬一發(fā)生火災的話，按那個紅色的按鈕?！庇捎趂ire是名詞所以該空必須填介詞in case of。 答案：C 3. A lot of equipment ______so far. A. is damaged B. had damaged C. has been damaged D. was damaged 變式1.---How is your sister? ---Oh, she is better _____. A. so far B. by far C. as far D. far 變式2.______ I can see, you should devote yourself to your studies. A. so far B. by far C. As far as D. As long as 變式3.Though they were poor, the boy’s parents supported him _____ they could. A. as far as B. as long as C. as possible as D. as long as 　　 解析：3. 從主謂關系判斷，該句應使用被動語態(tài),又因為含有so far這樣的時間狀語所以謂語動詞用現在完成時的被動形式。答案：C 變式1. by far（常用來修飾比較級或最高級，用以加強語氣）大大的；放在比較級后、最高級前，但是要注意的是如果比較級前有the時by far要放在the 前。如：He is by far the better of the two brothers. 綜上分析可知答案選B 變式2. 考查固定搭配“as far as I can remember（see,tell,etc）盡我所記得的；依我看”所以答案應該選A 變式3.該句意思是“盡管他們比較窮，但是那個孩子的父親盡他們所能去支持他?！盿s far as 可以表達盡某人所能，所以答案選A. 4. _____ there is enough sunlight and water, crops grow well. A. Where B. In which C. That D. In the place 變式1. He went to New York in xx, _________ only two years later, he became a millionaire. A．when B．which C．that D．where 變式2. On her birthday, she received from her parents a nice present _____ a note was attached, saying “We love you so much”. A. that B. to which C. in which D. which 變式3.I need some facts _____ to base my theory. A. where B. on which C. in place where D. in the place 變式4. Make marks ____ you don’t understand. A. where B. in which C. in place where D. in the place 變式5.Go and bring back your bike .It is ____ you laid it. A. where B. in which C. in place where D. in the place 解析：4. 在這個句子中，where 引導了一個地點狀語從句，意思為“有……的地方，就有……”。所以答案為A 變式1. 該題考查where引導的非限制性定語從句這一知識點。Where 引導了定語從句又在從句中做了狀語，所以答案為D。 變式2. 該題考查where引導的定語從句時可以等于prep. + which這一知識點。where=to which 引導了定語從句又在從句中做了狀語，所以答案為B。 變式3.該題考查“prep. + which+不定式”放在名詞后作定語這一知識點。由于這一結構不是定語從句所以prep. + which一定不能轉換成where. 答案：B 變式4. 由于空格前面無先行詞，所以這是一個where引導的狀語從句，這時 where不能換成“介詞+which”。答案：A 變式5. 由于空格前面無先行詞，所以這是一個where引導的表語從句，這時 where不能換成“介詞+which”。答案：A 5. Ten students went to the cinema, Tom and Jack ______. A. include B. including C. included D. counting 變式1. As is known to us all, cigarettes ____ a lot of nicotine. A. include B. including C. contain D. hold 變式2. How much you read doesn’t matter; what you read _____ . A. include B. count C. contain D. hold 變式3. The hall can ______ three thousand people. A. include B. be seated C. contain D. hold 解析：5. included“被包括”用在名詞或代詞之后，表被動意義。答案：C 變式1. contain著重指作為組成部分而被包含在內，可指具體的或抽象的事物。答案：C 變式2.該句的意思是“你讀了多少并不重要，重要的是你讀了什么內容。” count在這里的意思是“關系重要”答案：B 變式3. 該句意思是“這個禮堂能容納3000人。”contain是指容器里能容納多少氣體、液體等。某一個建筑物能容納多少人可用seat, hold和admit 來表達，但要注意不能用于被動語態(tài)。所以答案為D. 6. Mark said his English was so ____ that he wasnt too sure about some of the idioms. A. limit B. limited C . limiting D. limitless 變式1. You must limit yourself _____ the three respects of the problem. A. in B. to C. for D. among 解析:：6. limited是limit的過去分詞，意思是“有限的”。 答案:B 變式1. limit 的搭配之一是：limit……to …… 所以答案為B 課后題： 1.After the war, a new school building was set up __________there had once been a temple. A. in which B. where C. which D. when 2. After the war, a new school building was put up _____there had once been a theatre. A that B where C which D .when 3. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment ______. A. is damaged B. had damaged C. damaged D. was damaged 4. The days we have been looking forward to _______ soon. A. ing B. will e C. came D. have e 5. A fast-food restaurant is the place _______， just as the name suggests， eating is performed quickly. A. which B. where C. there D. what 解析： 1. 解析: where引導地點狀語從句。此處不是定語從句，故A項不正確。答案: B 2.可以排除A、C項，因為他們在句子中不能充當狀語。D項的when 不能于過去完成時連用。答案: B 3.設備與破壞之間是被動關系并且動作已經發(fā)生所以應選D.答案：D 4. 此句中的定語從句包含短語look forward to，雖然to為介詞，但并不影響主句的謂語動詞，它只是一個陷阱而已。又根據句中的soon，應用將來時，故選B項。答案：B 5. 句中just as the name suggests是插入語，把它去掉后發(fā)現是由where引導的定語從句，先行詞為the place。答案：B ⊕課后練習題 A組： 1. It’s better to keep a little for the night _______need. 　　A. in danger of　　 B. in face of　　 C. in the way of　　 D. in case of 2. It ______ almost every day so far this month. 　　A. rains　　 B. is raining　　 C. rained　　 D. has rained 3. Blackmail（敲詐）is something that should never be______； but that’s easier said than done. 　　A. given up　　 B. given in　　 C. given up to　　 D. given in to. 4.You should make it a rule to leave things ____you can find them again. A. when B. where C. then D. which 5.The famous scientist grew up ____ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever 6. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 7. I’m sorry I _____ your book; I only did it _____, I didn’t mean _____ trouble. A. hide; for fun; to cause B. hid; in fun; to cause C. hide; in fun; causing D. hid; for fun; causing 8 He told us _____ I could go on a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei, _____ wasn’t too expensive. A. that; that B. what; which C. that; which D. what; that 9. In the past people in the country couldn’t _______ to buy bus tickets when they wanted to go to the city. A. pay B. spend C. share D. afford 10. The knife and fork that ______ closest to your plate are a little bigger than the ______ beside them. A. are; one B. are; ones C. is; it D. is; one 11. ---I’m sorry for stepping on your foot. --- _______. A. No, it’s my fault B. That’s all right C. You didn’t hurt me D. Yes, don’t worry about it 12. I really felt _______ by his _______ words. His words are really ______ to me. A. surprised; surprising; surprise B. surprising; surprised; a surprise C. surprised; surprised; surprising D. surprised; surprising; a surprise 13. The result of the experiment was very good, ______ we hadn’t expected. A. when B. that C. which D. what 14. ---Please ______ me for ______ you for a while. --- ______. A. forgive; interrupting; That’s OK B. excuse; interrupt; that’s all right C. forgive; stopping; Yes D. excuse; stopping; I’m so sorry 15. When drinking ______ someone’s health, you ______ your glasses, but the glasses should not ______. A. for; rise; touch B. to; raise; touch C. with; raise; be touched D. to; rise; be touched 解析： 1.in case of 萬一發(fā)生……答案：D 2.so far 到目前為止，與完成時連用。答案：D 3. give in to 向…讓步 ，遷就 答案：C 4. where引導地點狀語從句。答案: B 5. where在此引導一個狀語從句。答案C 6. where在此引導一個定語從句。where在引導定語從句時，必須有先行詞，where在定語從句中充當狀語，在此題中where表示“在……狀況下”。答案：A 7.由分號并列兩個句子，前句應用過去時。for fun 意為“為了高興，為了好玩”。mean to do something 表示“打算做某事”，mean doing something 表示“意味著……”。答案：B 8. 第一空用that引導賓語從句，that在從句中不作成分。第二空which引導定語從句，修飾trip。答案：C 9. couldn’t afford to buy買不起。 答案：D 10．由于句中謂語動詞為are，因此定語從句中的謂語動詞與the knife and fork應一致，這里的the knife and fork指餐桌上用的所有刀和叉，是復數。所以后面一空也應是復指代詞ones。答案：B 11． 根據習慣表達法，當對方向你道歉了，你應當有禮貌地應答。只有“That’s all right.”表示“沒關系”。 答案：B 12． surprised意為“感到吃驚的”，表示人對某事的反應。surprising意為“令人驚奇的”，表示事物本身所具有的特征。surprise 表示“驚奇” 時為不可數名詞，而表示“驚人的事物”時為可數名詞。答案：D 13．由所給題中不難看出，這是一個非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少賓語，并且修飾整個句子。答案：C 14． forgive somebody for ding something表示“原諒某人做的某事”。打擾某人應用interrupt，指“中途暫時的打斷”，而不用stop（強調動作的結束，或動作不再延續(xù)）。答案：A 15． drink to表示“為……干杯（祝酒）”，raise為及物動詞，意為“舉起”，而rise為不及物動詞，意為“上升；起身”，說明主語自身移向較高的位置。答案：B 單詞拼寫： 1.Six people were killed in the riot(暴亂), ______(包括)a policeman. 2.My first view of the island from the air took my  (呼吸)away. 3.A hotel room is being （準備）for them. 4.We are making （準備） for the harvest. 5.She painted landscapes as well as . （肖像） 6.The earthquake caused great （損害） 7.She was horrified by all the （污染）on the beach. 8.The mayor is an elected （官員） 9.They said that they （代表） the mittee 10. The heavy rain （破壞） our holiday last weekend. 1. including 2. breath 3. prepared 4. preparations 5. portraits 6. damage 7. pollution 8. official 9. represented 10. ruined B組： 漢譯英 1. 包括元旦在內，我有三天假。 2. 大多數人沒有意識到自己正在呼吸被污染的空氣 3. 五分鐘后我們便氣喘吁吁了。 4. 她把國家的機密泄露給了敵人。 5. 到目前為止，我們還沒收到湯姆的來信。 6. 這座橋正在修建中，開車過不去。 7. 我們的作業(yè)已經完成了，所以我們能出去玩了。 8. 到目前為止我們的錢已經被用完了。 答案： 1. I’ve got three days’ holiday including New Year’s Day. 2. Most people don’t realize that they are breathing polluted air. 3. We were out of breath after only five minutes. 4. She gave away state secrets to the enemy. 5. We haven’t heard from Tom so far. 6. The bridge is under construction. We can’t drive through it. 7. Our homework has been finished, and we can go out to play. 8. Our money has been used up so far. 改錯題： 1. The car is in repair. You can’t use it now. 2. I got five presents, included the one you gave me. 3. We came here, out of the breath. 4. He won’t give in other people. 5. We haven’t met Tom by far. 6. The price has cut down, so all the people are all glad. 7. The water has been ran out so far. 8.It is good to breath fresh country air instead of city smoke. 9.He will do everything he can escape from the fire. 10.The teacher worried about that the exam might be too difficult for his students. 答案：1. in 改為 under 2。 included改為including 3. the 去掉 4 in后加to 5. by改為so 6. has 后加been 7. out 后加of 8. breath改為 breathe 9. can后加to 10. about去掉