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2019-2020年高考英語 書面表達(dá)模板教學(xué)例說復(fù)習(xí) 高考英語的書面表達(dá)重在考查學(xué)生運用英語語言的能力，它要求學(xué)生有全面的英語素養(yǎng)。近幾年來，高考英語書面表達(dá)的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)生了變化，對考生的表達(dá)能力也提出了更新、更高的要求。新的書面表達(dá)評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指出：“評分時，應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點、應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性及語言的得體性?！? 然而現(xiàn)狀卻不容樂觀，學(xué)生對寫作往往望而卻步，難以下筆，且寫作質(zhì)量低下，寫出來的文章邏輯混亂，條理不清，缺乏連貫性。無任何高級詞匯，句型結(jié)構(gòu)單一。 如何提高學(xué)生的寫作水平，實現(xiàn)書面表達(dá)的有效教學(xué)呢？筆者通過多年寫作教學(xué)的經(jīng)歷，總結(jié)出了高考書面表達(dá)的一系列模板，并進(jìn)行了教學(xué)實踐，取得了顯著的效果。 一、模板的概說 所謂“模板”, 就是書面表達(dá)的套式，它是從歷年高考優(yōu)秀范文中提煉出來的。學(xué)生可以通過套用模板，寫出各種類型的書面表達(dá)。模板就是文章的框架，有好的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，文章自然不會差！模板中有各種文體的格式，必要的套式句子，各種高級句型，高級詞匯，上下文銜接詞等。學(xué)生只要適當(dāng)?shù)靥砑釉~、句， 就可以快速地寫出一篇內(nèi)容切題， 表達(dá)清楚，文字連貫，語言規(guī)范，邏輯清晰的上等作文。下面是贊成與反對類作文模板（黑體）： Dear Editor, I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether ……Opinions are divided on the question. Some of my classmates in favor of … believe that……. What’s more, …… However, the others think otherwise. On the one hand, ……On the other hand, …… Yours truly, …… 我們可以將模板應(yīng)用于xx年全國卷： Dear Editor, I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Opinions are divided on the question. 40% of the students in favor of entrance fees believe that they need money to pay gardeners and other workers. What’s more, money is also needed to buy plants and young trees. But they suggest fees should be charged low. However, the others think otherwise. On the one hand, a park should be a public place for people to rest and enjoy themselves. On the other hand, if entrance fee is charged, it will bee necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city. 同樣， 我可以將上文中的作文模板應(yīng)用于xx年全國卷III： June 3, xx Dear Editor, I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Opinions are divided on the question. Some of my classmates in favor of the move believe that large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in the traffic jams. What’s more, once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, the others think otherwise. On the one hand, built in 1906, Beijing Zoo has a history of 100 years, for which it’s well-known at home and abroad. On the other hand, moving may cause the death of the animals. Yours truly, Li Hua 二、常用高考題型模板 1、日記類 Friday June 8th , xx Sunny/Rainy This fine/rainy morning witnessed an unforgettable experience I had. I was doing……when I suddenly saw/heard/found….. Meanwhile/ At the same time/ As soon as possible, ……. …h(huán)ad done …before I realized. …….. On my way back home, I think a lot about…… If we are always ready to extend our helping hands, the world will certainly be a better place to live in. 2、求職信類 Dear Sir/Madam,(Mr.…/Ms….) I have just read the ad on…and I am interested in being one of the …… Now I’m writing to apply for this opportunity. I am…, a girl/ boy aged… I have a good mand/knowledge of …. I have two-year working experience as…./ I once worked as… In my opinion, this job can help to do …/make for/contribute to sth…… I’d appreciate it if you could possibly consider my application. I’m looking forward to your early reply and please email me at…/ call 1234567. Yours sincerely, ╳╳╳ 3、調(diào)查類 Recently a survey has been done to find out …. In this survey, ….were interviewed. They were asked which…. The survey shows that more than half of the ….like…most. 26% of the students say that ….are their favorite. Only …are most interested in …. However, the number of the students who …. accounts for/makes up 12%. 4、通知類 The students of Senior Grade Three will go to….. on June 10th, Sunday. We are to meet at the school gate at 6:50 am. The bus will start at 7:00am. In the morning, we will visit…. We’ll …at noon. After that, we’ll be shown around … please wear (your sports shoes), and take…with you. Don’t be late. The Students Union Announcement May I have your attention, please? I’m very glad to tell you what you are going to do ….during your stay in ……. On Monday morning, …… That’s all. Thanks. 5、利弊類 Recently it’s been a fashion for …to do…. Just as every coin has two sides, doing… has its own advantages and disadvantages. Its main benefits are as follows. Firstly,….contribute to ….. Secondly, it can make for …. Eventually, ….. The negative effects, however, are obvious. To begin with, owing to lack of…/ lacking in …., the students…. Consequently, ….. Moreover, …. Personally, it is advisable to look before you leap./ As far as I’m concerned,…… What’s more, ……. 6、新舊比較類 Great changes have taken place in ……. In the past, …… However, nowadays,… pared with/ to …… / In parison with ……, …….. / On the contrary,…… / ………, while/ whereas (conj.)……. / paratively(adv), ……. 7、贊成反對類 Different people have different views on/about …. Some people support /approve of /are for /are in favor of /agree with this opinion, saying…. For one thing, ….. For another, ……(Those in favor of this opinion believe/maintain /think that…..) On the other hand, others insist on not doing… /many people think otherwise. (Those opposed to this opinion argue that….. ) In the first place, …. In the second place,…. Taking all these factors into consideration/ account, we may safely e to the conclusion that…. Only if /when…..can we ….. 8、現(xiàn)象分析類 In recent years, the problem of …..has bee increasingly serious, which has aroused the concern from the whole society. Several factors can account for this problem / phenomenon. First of all,…. Moreover, ….. In addition / Additionally, …… Consequently it is important that we take three measures to solve this problem. Firstly, …… Secondly, …… Thirdly, …… 9、圖表類 From the chart , we can see clearly that …….declined abruptly from…to …, while ….increased sharply from….to …. during the period between….and….. Several reasons/ factors can account for this phenomenon. On the one hand, …. On the other hand, ….. In addition, ……. Such changes have a significant effect on ……. For one thing, …… For another, …… In a word, …….is beneficial to ……. 10、漫畫議論類 As is described in the picture,…… This picture displays ……. This phenomenon happens every day in our daily life. With the development of economy, …… but meanwhile…… . Actually, A is to B what C is to D. It plays an important role in people’s life and it can make our society run normally. Everyone should …… Only in this way can we build a healthy and harmonious society. 三、模板在教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用 1．多樣表達(dá)，形成特色 雖然模板表達(dá)是一種套式,但在具體的教學(xué)中也要避免千篇一律的表達(dá)。英語語言豐富多彩，同一意義可以用多種方式表達(dá)出來。所以教師在設(shè)計模板時盡量用多種表達(dá)方式，讓同學(xué)們能根據(jù)自己所需來選用適宜的句型表達(dá)。例如： 1) Different people have different views. /Opinions are divided into two. /Views vary from person to person. 2) Those (who are) in favor of /who agree with /who are for / who approve of … believe / think /hold /maintain /claim that… 3) However, the others think otherwise. /Those opposed to / who are against / who disagree with /who disapprove of /who object to … argue… 4) On the one hand, … On the other hand, … / For one thing, … For another, …/ Firstly, … Secondly,… Thirdly… /To begin with,… In the second place, … Most important of all,…./…. Besides, … / What’s more, …/ Moreover, …/ Furthermore, …/ In addition,… 如果用排列組合的方法，那么以上的表達(dá)就可組成多種模板，學(xué)生們也就可以寫出不同風(fēng)格的作文。 2．拆分重組，靈活多變 作文模板應(yīng)避免死搬硬套，可根據(jù)不同的題目要求和寫作的內(nèi)容將模板拆分和重組，讓模板活起來，以適應(yīng)更多寫作要求。例如： 我們可以將以上 “現(xiàn)象分析類” 和 “贊成與反對類”組合起來形成xx年福建高考題的寫作模板: My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school. Several factors can account for this phenomenon. First of all, as students, we have too many examinations, which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons. Additionally, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers. Taking all these factors into account, we may safely e to the conclusion that it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to study hard. Only if we get well prepared for examinations can we get good results. 注意在拆分的過程中，也可根據(jù)題目的要求將模板作適度的修改。 3. 提煉模板，妙筆生花 模板雖說是包含了各種高級句型，高級詞匯及上下文銜接詞，老師也可以鼓勵學(xué)生自己從優(yōu)秀的范文中歸納提煉出模板，并利用此模板寫出新文章。下面是高一學(xué)生將關(guān)于青島的一篇范文歸納出模板，寫出了另一篇關(guān)于他們家鄉(xiāng)的文章。 關(guān)于青島的范文： Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear from you. Now I will tell you something about Qingdao. Located in the south of the Shandong Peninsula, Qingdao covers an area of more than 10,000 square kilometers and has a population of over 7 million. As a coastal city, Qingdao has a pleasant climate, neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. It is one of the best places for people to tour and it’s one of the major host cities of the xx Beijing Olympic Games. Besides, it is also famous for its developed industry. Some local panies, such as Haier and Hisence are known to everyone. So if you want to have a tour in China, Qingdao is beyond all doubt a good choice. Looking forward to your ing. Yours, Li Hua 下面是一位學(xué)生自己根據(jù)模板寫出的文章： Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear from you. Now I will tell you something about Yangpu. Located in the northwest of Hainan, Yangpu covers an area of about 30 square kilometers and has a population of about 50 thousand. As a coastal city, Yangpu has a pleasant climate, neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. It is one of the best deep-sea ports of China. Besides, it is also famous for its Free Trade Port Zone. So if you want to invest in Hainan, Yangpu is beyond all doubt a good choice. Looking forward to your ing. Yours, Li Hua 在學(xué)生自己歸納模板時，教師應(yīng)給予適當(dāng)?shù)闹笇?dǎo)，所選范文和所要求寫的作文應(yīng)相對應(yīng)。學(xué)生通過應(yīng)用自己歸納的模板，順利地完成了寫作任務(wù)，給他們以后的寫作帶來了信心。 4．多寫多練，融會貫通 模板給學(xué)生英文寫作打開了一扇大門，但如果缺乏訓(xùn)練與積累，模板也會失去作用。要真正提高學(xué)生們的英語寫作水平，一定要多加訓(xùn)練，讓模板成為自己的東西，并且根深蒂固。在學(xué)生積累到一定數(shù)量的模板后，量變到質(zhì)變，厚積薄發(fā)，就能夠融會貫通，從而舉一反三，寫作起來得心應(yīng)手。老師除了指導(dǎo)學(xué)生積累模板外，還應(yīng)讓學(xué)生多積累高級詞匯、短語及句型，讓模板最終成為具有自己風(fēng)格的作品。