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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復習 BookI Unit7教學案 人教大綱版 Unit 7-Unit 8 提綱挈領 單元 考查重點及熱點 Unit 7 單詞 Pyramid represent include ruin burn restore beauty photograph portrait recreate unite period vase stone damage ancient project brick official cave pollution breath limit 短語 give in give up in ruins bring...back to life pull down set up in one’s opinion with the help of so far 句型 1.where引導地點狀語從句 2.make+賓語+過去分詞（作賓補） Unit 8 單詞 continent tie athlete medal torch final dive shooting petitor further rank prepare effect pete weigh weight position point skill weigh title gesture facial 短語 stand for because of would rather take part in preparation for prefer...to... have...effect on by hand 句型 1.do everything one can to do... 2.would rather...(than...) Unit 7 理解:要點詮釋 單詞 1.include 講:vt.包括；包含；使成為……的一部分 例：The tour includes a visit to the Science Museum. 這次游覽包括參觀科學博物館。 You should include some examples in your essay. 你應該在文章里舉一些例子。 We no longer include him among our friends. 我們不再把他看作朋友。 鏈接提示 (1)included（包括……在內）放在被包括的之后。 (2)including(包括……在內)放在被包括的之前。 We all went,me included. 我們都去了，包括我在內。 I’ve got three days holiday including New Year’s Day. 包括元旦在內，我有三天假。 練：—How can a simple meal like this cost so much? —We have ______in your bill the cost of the teapot you broke just. A.increased B.included C.obtained D.charged 提示:increase 增長，增加，加強；include 包括；obtain 得到，獲得，買到；charge 收費，索價。根據語境和句意，首先排除A、C兩項；charge作“收費、索價”解常用以下句式:(1)charge sb.for (doing) sth.；(2)charge money for(doing)sth.；(3)charge sb.money for(doing)sth.，本句的賓語是cost，故排除D項。 答案:B 2.burn 講：v.著火；燃燒；燒傷；燒焦；發(fā)燙；渴望；有強烈的情感 n.燒傷；灼傷；燒的痕跡 例：The fire burned her hand. 火燒傷了她的手。 Fires were burning all over the city. 全城處處燃燒著大火。 The smell of burning rubber filled the air. 空氣中彌漫著橡膠燃燒的氣味。 Your forehead is burning.Have you get a fever? 你的前額很燙，你發(fā)燒了嗎？ He was burning to go climbing again. 他渴望再去爬山。 She had a burn on her hand. 她手上有一處燒傷。 鏈接拓展 (1)burn sth.down （被）燒毀 The fire burned down the house. 火燒毀了房子。 (2)burn sth.up 被燒毀；被燒掉 The spaceship burned up as it entered the earth’s atmosphere. 宇宙飛船進入地球大氣層時被燒毀。 (3)burn away （使）燒掉；燒光 The clothing on his back got burnt away in the fire. 他穿的衣服背部在大火中燒掉了。 (4)burn out/burn itself out 燒盡；熄滅 The fire had burnt(itself)out before the fire engines arrived. 救火車到達之前，火就熄滅了。 (5)burn out/burn sth.out（因過熱或使用過久）出故障 The clutch has burnt out. 離合器因過熱而失靈。 (6)burn out或burn yourself/sb.out 耗盡體力；積勞成疾；累垮 If he doesn’t stop working so hard,he’ll burn himself out. 他要是繼續(xù)這樣拼命工作，就會把自己累垮。 練：In order to keep the fire_________ ,they kept _________wood on it. A.burning；to put B.to burn；putting C.burnt；putting D.burning；putting 提示:keep doing不斷做某事；keep sb./sth.doing使……不斷做。 答案:D 3.breathe 講：v.呼吸；呼出 breath n.呼吸；呼出的空氣 例：Most people don’t realize that they are breathing polluted air. 大多數人沒有意識到自己正在呼吸污染的空氣。 He came up close,breathing alcohol fumes all over me. 他走過來靠近我，噴得我滿身酒氣。 He opened his mouth and took a deep breath. 他張開嘴深深地吸了一口氣。 鏈接拓展 (1)hold one’s breath（由于激動、害怕等）不出聲；屏息 (2)out of breath 上氣不接下氣；喘不過氣來 (3)short of breath 呼吸短促 (4)take one’s breath away 令人驚嘆；讓人嘆絕 My first view of the island from the air took my breath away. 我第一次從空中看到這個島嶼時，贊賞不已。 練：When he meets with something unpleasant,he often takes a deep _________,and shouts with all his might until he is __________. A.strength；out of breath B.breath；out of breath C.strength；quiet D.breath；quiet 提示:shouts with all his might是解題的關鍵，因為只有吸口氣后，才能shouts with all his might，因此第一空填breath；由于shouts with all his might，他最后才喘不過氣來。故選B。 答案:B 短語 1.give in，give up 講：give in讓步；屈服；投降；勉強同意；交上 give up放棄；戒掉；認輸 give up可以用作及物或不及物動詞詞組，用作及物動詞詞組時，后接名詞或動名詞作賓語，不可接動詞不定式。 例：He would rather die than give in. 他寧死不屈。 The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers ’demands. 當局對綁架者的要求沒有絲毫讓步跡象。 Please give your work in before Monday. 請在星期一之前把作業(yè)交上來。 He gave up smoking last year and became fat. 他去年戒煙后就發(fā)胖了。 鏈接拓展 (1)give away 背棄；出賣；泄漏；暴露；贈送 They are giving away prizes at the new store. 新開張的商店在送贈品。 She gave away state secrets to the enemy. 她把國家的機密泄漏給了敵人。 (2)give off （散）發(fā)出 She gives off a smell of rose. 她身上散發(fā)著玫瑰的香味。 (3)give back 還給；歸還；使恢復 My friend gave back the tools that he borrowed. 我朋友歸還了他借的工具。 The operation gave him back the use of his legs. 手術使他的雙腿恢復了功能。 (4)give sb.a hand 幫某人的忙 Give me a hand with this table. 幫我搬這張桌子。 練：(1)Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story,or it may________ the shocking ending. A.give away B.give out C.give up D.give off 提示:本題檢測考生在特定語境中對短語動詞的辨異和使用能力。準確把握各選項中短語動詞的意思是解題的關鍵。give away意為“泄露(機密)、捐贈”；give out意為“分發(fā),用完,耗盡”；give up意為“放棄”；give off意為“發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等)”。只有give away符合題意，故選A項。句意為:不要在故事開頭就提到那事，否則便將驚人的結局暴露了。 答案:A (2)I argued with him for more than half an hour,but had to _______in the end. A.give out B.give off C.give up D.win 提示:句中表示轉折的but had to是解題的關鍵。全句意思為:我同他辯論了半個多小時，但最后不得不認輸。 答案:C 2.base sth.on/upon 講：該短語意為：以……為根據（基礎）；把……建立在……上 例：What are you basing this theory on? 你這種理論的根據是什么？ The film is based on a famous novel. 這部電影是根據一部著名的小說改編的。 One should always base his opinion on facts. 一個人應該始終以事實為依據發(fā)表自己的觀點。 鏈接拓展 base用作動詞時是及物動詞；用作名詞時，意思是“底部；基礎；基地”。 The army was cut off from its base. 那支部隊與基地失去了聯系。 練：（xx江蘇南京一模） The movie __________ on J.K.Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was put on in theaters on November 18,xx. A.basing B.based C.being based D.to be based 提示:based on...是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾名詞the movie，相當于定語從句which was based on...。句意為：根據JKRowling的小說《哈利波特和火焰杯》拍攝的電影xx年11月18日在各大影院上映。 答案:B 3.so far 講：該短語意為“迄今為止；到目前為止”。 so far在句中作狀語，有時謂語動詞要用現在完成時態(tài)。 例：What do you think of the show so far? 到目前為止你覺得這場演出怎么樣？ Detectives are so far at a loss to explain the reason of his death. 至今偵探對他的死因仍茫然不解。 We haven’t heard from Tom so far. 到目前為止，我們還沒收到湯姆的來信。 鏈接拓展 (1)by far （常用來修飾比較級或最高級，用以加強語氣）大大的；……得多 (2)as far as the eye can/could see極目所盡 (3)as far as I know就我所知 (4)as far as I can remember(see,tell,etc).據我所記得的；依我看 (5)as far as sb./sth.be concerned就……而言 (6)as far as it goes在有限程度上（通常指不滿意） 練：_______I can see,there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A.As long as B.Just as C.As far as D.Even if 提示:as long as 只要；as far as I can remember(see,tell,etc.)盡我所記得的；依我看；even if即使。全句意思為:在我看來，可能只有一種避開危險的方法。故選C。 答案:C 4.under attack 講：該短語意為“受到攻擊”。 介詞under可以表示過程，意思是“在……中；在……期間”，還可以表示負荷、條件等，意為“在……之下”。 例：It was under attack for 900 days,but the people of the city never gave in. 城市受到了900天的攻擊，但是城里人從來沒有屈服。 The bridge is under construction.We can’t drive through it. 這座橋正在修建中，開車過不去。 The car is under repair.You can’t use it now. 車正在維修，現在不能用。 鏈接拓展 “be+介詞+名詞”可以用來表示動作，名詞前不能使用冠詞。 They are now at work.You can find them at the factory. 他們在上班，你可以在工廠里找到他們。 He is on business.We couldn’t find him at his office. 他出差了，我們在辦公室里沒找到他。 The workers are on strike. 工人們正在罷工。 The Whites are on holiday in Egypt. 懷特一家正在埃及度假。 He is now in hospital,but I think he’ll be out of hospitalsoon. 他住院了，我想他不久就會出院。 練：Everything is__________his control here. A.on B.out C.under D.with 提示:under one’s control意為“在某人的控制之下”，句意為:這里一切都在他的掌控之下。 答案:C 句型 1.where引導地點狀語從句 講：注意觀察下面教材原句: Where there is a river,there is a city. 哪里有河，哪里就有城市。 where引導地點狀語從句時，有時不表示具體的地點概念，而表示模糊的抽象概念，常含有條件意味。 例：Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 鏈接拓展 where引導的狀語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別: (1)where引導狀語從句時，其前無先行詞，where不可換成“介詞+which”。 (2)where引導定語從句時，其前有名詞作先行詞，where可以換成“介詞+which”。 Make a mark where you have any question.(狀語從句) Make a mark at the place where you have any question.(定語從句) 在有問題的地方作個記號。 練：(1)You should make it a rule to leave things _______you can find them again. A.when B.where C.then D.which 提示:where引導地點狀語從句。 答案:B (2)(xx江蘇南京一模) I have kept the photo ________ I can always see it,as it reminds me of the days when I studied in Britain. A.at which B.when C.where D.at the place 提示:where引導地點狀語從句，意為“被在我總能看到的地方”。 答案:C 2.make+賓語+過去分詞(作賓補) 講：注意觀察下面教材原句: To make your voice heard,you can write a letter to a newspaper editor. 要讓別人知道你的意見，你可以給報社編輯寫一封信。 “make+賓語+done”表示“使得……被……”。 例：You’d better speak louder to make yourself heard. 你最好大聲說話，以便別人能聽到。 鏈接拓展 使役動詞make,have,get及感官動詞see,find,feel等都可出現此類搭配，表示賓語與賓補之間的被動關系。 練：（xx全國模擬Ⅲ） Helen had to shout________ above the sound of the music. A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear C.making herself hear D.to make herself heard 提示:根據句意和結構判斷，句子后部分是表達大聲喊的目的，一般用不定式表達，故排除A、C兩項。hear與賓語herself有邏輯上的被動關系，故選D項。 答案:D 辨析 1.included,including including意為“包含……在內,包括”，要放在被包括的名詞或代詞之前。included意為“包括在內”，要放在被包括的名詞或代詞之后。 即時練習: (1)There are a lot of names in the list,________his name. (2)There are a lot of names in the list,his name ________. (3)There are 40 students in our class,________four students from America. 答案:(1)including (2)included (3)including 2.bring,take,carry,fetch bring指將某物或某人從其他地方帶到說話人所在地方。 take將人或物從說話人所在的地方帶到別處。 carry攜帶東西從一處到另一處，無方向性。 fetch指到別處去，然后把某物或人帶來。 即時練習: (1)Go and___________today’s newspaper for me. (2)Please ______your son along next time you e. (3)The woman is __________a baby in her arms. (4)Let me __________the suitcase for you. (5)Who has __________away today’s newspaper? (6)__________the umbrella.It’s going to rain. 答案:(1)fetch (2)bring (3)carrying (4)carry (5)taken (6)Take 【例1】 (xx江蘇南通九校聯考) It was in the very house _______ was built with stones _______ he spent his childhood. A.that；that B.that；where C.which；that D.which；where 提示：第二空是強調句型，強調的是狀語in the very house。house后是定語從句，從句缺少主語，用that或which引導；由于house前有the very修飾，故只能用that引導。 答案：A 【例2】 (xx江蘇模擬) —Is Bob still performing? —I’m afraid not.He is said_______the stage already as he has bee an official. A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left 提示:從句意可看出，leave表示的動作發(fā)生在is said之前，因此用動詞不定式的完成式。 答案:A 講評:動詞不定式的一般時(to do)表示經常性的動作或狀態(tài)；進行時表示正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)；完成時表示已經完成的動作或狀態(tài)。解題時要依據動詞不定式所作的句子成分，以及動作發(fā)生的時間確定動詞不定式的形式。 【例3】 She found her calculator ______ she lost it. A.where B.when C.in which D.that 提示:where引導地點狀語從句。句意為:計算器是在她丟失的地方找到的。這個句子沒有先行詞，不能填in which。 答案:A 講評:where引導狀語從句和where引導定語從句是經常考查的語言點。