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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 4 Global warming練習(xí) 新人教版選修6 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (xx皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考) We sometimes think global warming or climate change is a problem very far away from our lives, and that only the government needs to worry about it. But its hardly possible to pletely stay out of it—scientists are now 95 percent sure that humans have been the “dominant cause” of global warming trends since the 1950s. One of the conclusions of a report released on Sept 27 by the United Nations says that human activities have caused global temperatures to rise by 0.89℃ between 1901 and xx. That might not seem like a lot, but the truth is that a major part of that heat has been absorbed into the oceans, which is not surprising given that they cover two thirds of Earths surface. Also, water has a much greater capacity (容量) to absorb heat than the air does, according to The Economist. While many greenhouse gases occur naturally and are needed to keep the Earth warm enough to support life, humans use of fossil fuels is the main source of excess (多余的) greenhouse gases. According to CNN, by driving cars, using electricity produced by burning coal and oil or heating our homes with coal or natural gas, we release a large amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Your body can barely feel a difference of 0.89℃， but the Earths ecosystems are so sensitive that even small changes can disturb them. It often starts with the smallest creatures at the bottom of the food chain, eventually affecting bigger animals, many of which could end up being extinct. Global warming is also linked to an increase in extreme weather. A larger amount of carbon dioxide traps more energy inside the atmosphere. This changes the patterns of storms and rainfall in many regions and can lead to droughts and floods. Worse still, melting sea ice in warmer oceans is causing sea levels to rise at a speed of more than three millimeters per year, according to The Guardian, which also increases the risk of flooding. “The report should serve as another wakeup call that our activities today have a profound impact on society, not only for us, but for many generations to e，” French Michel Jarraud, secretarygeneral of the World Meteorological Organization, said at a news conference. 文章大意：全球變暖不是只有政府才關(guān)心的事，它與我們每個(gè)人都息息相關(guān)。 1．The underlined word “dominant” in the first paragraph means “ ________”． A．mon　　　　 　　 B．indirect C．secondary D．leading 答案：D　猜測詞義題。畫線詞所在句意：現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家可以95%確定人類是20世紀(jì)50年代以來全球變暖的主要原因。所以畫線詞意為“主要的”。 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Greenhouse gases have been proven to harm merely the Earth. B．There is little we can do to prevent global warming. C．Global warming can increase the chances of droughts and floods. D．The hugeness of oceans makes them better absorbers of heat than the air. 答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段第三句話“This changes the patterns of storms and rainfall in many regions and can lead to droughts and floods.”可知，C項(xiàng)正確。 3．The rise in global temperatures between 1901 and xx ______. A．is more harmful to smaller creatures than bigger ones B．is not serious because most of the extra heat has been absorbed by the oceans C．has made the Earths ecosystems more sensitive to changes D．is likely to cause many species to bee extinct 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段最后一句話“It often starts with the smallest creatures at the bottom of the food chain, eventually affecting bigger animals, many of which could end up being extinct.”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。 4．What is Michel Jarrauds attitude toward the report released by the UN? A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 答案：B　推理判斷題。由最后一段他所說的話“The report should serve as another wakeup call that our activities today have a profound impact on society, not only for us, but for many generations to e”可推知，他認(rèn)為聯(lián)合國的報(bào)告對我們有提醒作用，所以是支持該報(bào)告的。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (xx南京市、鹽城市二模) Mark Twain said that “habit is habit, and not to be flung(扔) out the window by anyone, but coaxed(勸誘) downstairs a step at a time.” The chances of successfully changing negative behavior __1__ when you make gradual changes that give you time to __2__ negative patterns for positive ones. On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and __3__ to begin to change a given behavior “today”. Whether it be exercising more, drinking less, managing time __4__ or some other change in a negative behavior, we start out with high __5__. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail and are soon doing __6__ it was they thought they shouldnt be doing. After considerable research, some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not __7__ if they start with the change itself. __8__， they believe that we must __9__ a series of “stages” to adequately prepare ourselves for that __10__ change. Once you have analyzed all the factors that __11__ what you do, you must decide which behaviorchange technique will work best for you. According to the psychologist Albert Ellis, most __12__ problems and related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的) statements that people make to __13__ when events in their lives are different from what they would like them to be. For example, suppose after doing __14__ on an exam, you say to yourself，“I cant believe I failed that easy exam. Im so stupid.” By changing this irrational “catastrophic” selftalk into rational, __15__ statements about what is really going on, you can increase the __16__ that positive behaviors will occur. Positive selftalk might be __17__ as follows: “I really didnt study enough for the exam. I just need to prepare for the next __18__.” Such selftalk will help you to recover quickly from __19__ and take positive steps to correct the situation. Some other technique like purposefully __20__ or stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy, time and emotional resources and move on to positive changes. 文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了“我們”自身養(yǎng)成的一些壞習(xí)慣不是一朝一夕就能改變的。想成功地改掉這些消極的行為就必須給“我們”一些時(shí)間用積極的行為來替代消極的行為。 1．A．decline　　　　　　 B．remain C．disappear D．improve 答案：D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“when you make gradual changes that give you time to __2__ negative patterns for positive ones”可知，此處是指成功地改變消極行為的可能性會(huì)得到改善。improve意為“改善，提高”，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。decline意為“下降”；remain意為“仍然，保持”；disappear意為“消失”，均與語境不符。 2．A．substitute B．cancel C．find D．ignore 答案：A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由語境可知，此處指用一些積極的行為來替代一些消極的行為。固定短語：substitute sth.for sth.意為“用……來替代……”，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。cancel意為“取消”；find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”；ignore意為“忽視”，均與語境不符。 3．A．refuse B．determine C．hesitate D．a(chǎn)dvocate 答案：B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“...we start out with high __5__. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail...”可知，每天無數(shù)人起床之后都下定決心從“今天”開始改變一些行為。determine意為“下決心”，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。refuse意為“拒絕”；hesitate意為“猶豫”；advocate意為“提倡”，均與語境不符。 4．A．more B．better C．worse D．less 答案：B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“be exercising more，drinking less”(多鍛煉，少喝酒)可知，此處指更好地安排時(shí)間。better意為“更好地”，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。more意為“更多”；worse意為“更糟糕”；less意為“更少”，均與語境不符。 5．A．values B．requirements C．expectations D．levels 答案：C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，此處指我們帶著高的期望值開始。expectation意為“期待”，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。value意為“價(jià)值”；requirement意為“要求”；level意為“水平”，均與語境不符。 6．A．whichever B．however C．wherever D．whatever 答案：D　考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在從句中作“was”的表語，且沒有范圍限制，所以使用whatever，意為“無論什么”。故選D項(xiàng)。whichever意為“無論哪個(gè)(些)”，有范圍限制；however意為“無論怎樣”；wherever意為“無論哪里”，均與語境不符。 7．A．succeed B．fail C．exist D．fade 答案：A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，文中認(rèn)為必須要經(jīng)歷一系列的階段來為最終的改變做好充分準(zhǔn)備，因此如果只是改變習(xí)慣本身是不會(huì)成功的。succeed意為“成功”，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。fail意為“失敗”；exist意為“存在”；fade意為“凋謝，褪色”，均與語境不符。 8．A．Nevertheless B．Otherwise C．Instead D．Moreover 答案：C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上文“改變習(xí)慣本身是不會(huì)成功的”和下文“我們必須要經(jīng)歷一系列的階段為最終的改變做好充分準(zhǔn)備”可知，此處是肯定后者否定前者，instead意為“相反”，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。nevertheless意為“然而“；otherwise意為“否則”；moreover意為“而且”，均與語境不符。 9．A．look through B．break through C．go through D．pull through 答案：C　考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。我們必須要經(jīng)歷一系列的階段為最終的改變做好充分準(zhǔn)備。go through意為“經(jīng)歷，通過”，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。look through意為“瀏覽，檢查”；break through意為“突破”；pull through意為“渡過難關(guān)，恢復(fù)健康”，均與語境不符。 10．A．initial B．temporary C．instant D．eventual 答案：D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，如果我們要成功地改變這些壞的習(xí)慣，就要為最終的變化做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。eventual意為“最后的”，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。initial意為“最初的”；temporary意為“臨時(shí)的”；instant意為“立即的”，均與語境不符。 11．A．involve B．influence C．explain D．a(chǎn)djust 答案：B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為：一旦你已經(jīng)分析出影響你行為的所有因素，你就必須決定出哪些改變行為的技巧會(huì)對你最起作用。influence意為“影響”，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。involve意為“包括，涉及”；explain意為“解釋”；adjust意為“調(diào)整，適應(yīng)”，均與語境不符。 12．A．emotional B．physical C．technical D．professional 答案：A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的)statements”可知，此處為情緒上的問題。emotional意為“情緒的”，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。physical意為“身體的，物質(zhì)的”；technical意為“技術(shù)的”；professional意為“專業(yè)的”，均與語境不符。 13．A．a(chǎn)ll B．others C．someone D．themselves 答案：D　考查代詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的主語“people”以及下文中的“in their lives”“what they would like...”和“you say to yourself”可知，此處用反身代詞 themselves。故選D項(xiàng)。 14．A．poorly B．carefully C．pletely D．slowly 答案：A　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“...you say to yourself，‘I cant believe I failed that easy exam.Im so stupid.’”可知，此處指如果自己考試考得很糟糕。poorly意為“差勁地，糟糕地，貧乏地”，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。carefully意為“小心地”；pletely意為“完全地”；slowly意為“慢慢地”，均與語境不符。 15．A．positive B．ridiculous C．negative D．explicit 答案：A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“that positive behaviors will occur”可知，此處應(yīng)用positive，意為“積極的”，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。ridiculous意為“荒謬的”；negative意為“消極的”；explicit意為“清晰的，清楚的”，均與語境不符。 16．A．danger B．a(chǎn)wareness C．a(chǎn)mount D．probability 答案：D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“By changing this irrational‘catastrophic’ selftalk into rational”可知，你可以提高積極的行為發(fā)生的可能性。probability意為“可能性”，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。danger意為“危險(xiǎn)”；awareness意為“意識”；amount意為“量”，均與語境不符。 17．A．written B．phrased C．listed D．captioned 答案：B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文引號中的內(nèi)容可知，此處指積極的自我談話的措辭如下……phrase意為“措辭”，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。write意為“寫”；list意為“列出”；caption意為“給……加上標(biāo)題”，均與語境不符。 18．A．research B．test C．talk D．problem 答案：B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“I really didnt study enough for the exam.”可知，這次考試準(zhǔn)備不足，下一次考試要好好準(zhǔn)備。故選B項(xiàng)。 19．A．tiredness B．habits C．disappointment D．burdens 答案：C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“I really didnt study enough for the exam.”可知，此處指這次考試沒考好而引起的失望。disappointment意為“失望”，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。tiredness意為“疲勞”，habit意為“習(xí)慣”；burden意為“負(fù)擔(dān)”，均與語境不符。 20．A．recalling B．starting C．blocking D．holding 答案：C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于)negative images”可知，block意為“阻礙”，與句中的“stop”和“refuse”意思相近，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。recall意為“回想”；start意為“開始”；hold意為“持有”，均與語境不符。 Ⅲ.語法填空 (xx?？谑姓{(diào)測) John：Ive been noticing recently quite a lot of black smoke ing out of the chimneys of that factory near our school. __1__ really pollutes the air here. Mary：Yes. But I heard recently that the __2__(own) of the factory have promised to take measures to reduce their factorys pollution. John：I hope they will keep their promise. Mary：I think they will. Ive been told that __3__ special machine is supposed to be fixed by the end of this year. Its said that the machine can clean the dust out of the smoke __4__ it goes into the air. John：Thats good. Dust is really __5__(harm) to our lungs. I know that because my family lives near a steel factory with a chimney constantly __6__(pour) out black smoke. Mary：Oh, you live near the steel factory? Is it true that we shouldnt eat the fish from the lake near the steel factory? John：Yes, thats true—the lake __7__(pollute) by waste from the steel factory. Mary：Why dont they do anything to clean up the pollution? John：They always promise, __8__ they never act. A bit of action is __9__ we need. Mary：Youre quite __10__. 文章大意：本文是一篇情景對話，討論了工廠污染環(huán)境的問題。 答案： 1．It/That　考查代詞。此處指上句話提到的這家工廠嚴(yán)重污染空氣，故可以填I(lǐng)t/That，指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。注意首字母要大寫。 2．owners　考查名詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此處是“主人”的意思；同時(shí)根據(jù)題干中謂語動(dòng)詞“have promised”可知，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，故填owners。 3．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是表示“一種”的意思。故填a。 4．before　考查連詞。根據(jù)題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需要用連詞來連接兩句話，同時(shí)根據(jù)空格前后句意可知，所缺詞意為“在……之前”。故填before。 5．harmful　考查形容詞。根據(jù)題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞應(yīng)是形容詞，故填harmful。be harmful to意為“對……有害”。 6．pouring　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題干中“with”可知，所填詞在句中作賓補(bǔ)，而且與賓語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。故填pouring。 7．has been polluted　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)題干大意可知，此處指被動(dòng)，而且強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。故填has been polluted。 8．but　考查連詞。前后兩句話之間是明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but，指他們總是承諾，但從不行動(dòng)。 9．what/all　考查表語從句或定語從句。根據(jù)題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句話是一個(gè)表語從句，從句中缺少“need”的賓語，意為“……的東西”，故填what。同時(shí)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為“all that”結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句。因?yàn)樵诒揪渲邢刃性~在從句中作賓語，所以關(guān)系代詞that可以省去。 10．right/correct　考查形容詞。此處是表示同意對方所說的，意為“對的，正確的”，故填right/correct。