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不定式的基本形式,,to do,to be doing,to have done,to have been doing,to be done,,to have been done,Discovering useful structures Go over the passive voice 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是這個(gè)不定式所表 示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，一般要用不定式 的被動(dòng)式。不定式的被動(dòng)式可以在句中 作主語、作賓語、作表語、作定語、 作狀語。,1. It’s an honour to be invited to the ceremony. 2. She didn’t like to be treated as a child. 3. His dream was to be admitted to a good university. 4. There are a lot of things to be discussed. 5. She was sent there to be trained for the space flight.,作主語,作賓語,作表語,作定語,作狀語,不定式的被動(dòng)式在句中作什么成分,He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （復(fù)合賓語） The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （復(fù)合謂語） She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定語）,,不定式有時(shí)要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 不定式的邏輯主語和邏輯賓語都出現(xiàn)在不定式前面，只能用主動(dòng)形式；若在句中找不到不定式的邏輯主語，則用不定的被動(dòng)形式。如： Do you have anything to wash today? (to wash的主語為句子的主語you，其邏輯賓語為anything。) 你今天要洗什么嗎？,Do you have anything to be washed? (to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人來做) 你有什么要其他人洗的嗎？,在There be/ seem…+主語+to do表示存在的句型中的不定式，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義（也就是說，我們可能會(huì)見到被動(dòng)形式，但主動(dòng)形式要好得多）。 There is a lot of homework to do． (也可用to be done),There’s no chair to sit on. (The chair is sat on.) 沒有椅子坐。 但在下列句子中，只能用主動(dòng)形式。如： There’s not enough food for us to eat. 我們沒有足夠的食物吃。,3. 在形容詞以及含有形容詞的名詞后的不定式，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其中形容詞常見的有easy, difficult, important, impossible等。如： The work is impossible to finish in two days. (The work is finished.) 工作不可能兩天之內(nèi)完成。 English is not so easy to learn. (English is learnt.) 英語并不好學(xué)。,4．在“with+n+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。 例如： With nothing to do，he lay in bed． With so many exercises to do，I can‘t go to the cinema．,5.在一些固定用法，如“挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評(píng)” 用be to blame；“（東西等）出租”用to let。如： He is to blame for what he has done. 他應(yīng)為他所做的受責(zé)備。 The house is to let. 房子要出租。,(2007遼寧卷) The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ____ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break,實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,,2. (2008全國(guó)卷I) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed,,3. (2008湖南卷) ______ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete,,I. 根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示將下列句子補(bǔ)充完整。 1. He wanted the letter __________ (type) at once. 2. It is the first such project ______________ (design) by Chinese engineers.,練一練,to be typed,to be designed,3. She didn’t want her son ___________ (take) away. 4. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ________________ (tell) everything. 5. She is busy preparing for the exams __________ (hold) next month. 6. He hurried to the station only ______ (tell) that the train had left.,to be taken,to have been told,to be held,to be told,1. It is said that plastics can be used to____ many things. Now people are used to____ plastics products. A. make; using B. making; using C. making; use D. make; use,A,2. With a lot of problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,C,3. The pupils here____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks. A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doing,D,4. Visitors____ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested,D,5. In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served,B,Homework,Go over words and expressions. Go over the grammar. Do Ex3 on Page 56.,