2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ)學(xué)法指導(dǎo)與語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)四人教版.doc
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2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ)學(xué)法指導(dǎo)與語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)四人教版 一、如何學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法亦即英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言法則,是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)的反映。中國(guó)人學(xué)英語(yǔ)不能采取英美人學(xué)英語(yǔ)的方法,因?yàn)榕c英文差別極大的中文在我們的頭腦中已深深扎根了。適當(dāng)研究英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,對(duì)比兩種語(yǔ)言的差異,就能使我們更快更好地掌握英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn),從而迅速提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)的能力。對(duì)鉆研語(yǔ)法,高三學(xué)生不要有什么懷疑,這不單是為了應(yīng)試,也是為今后向更高層次發(fā)展打基礎(chǔ)。建議在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn): 1.弄清知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法可分為兩部分,即詞法和句法。詞法研究十大詞類(名,代,數(shù),冠,形,副,介,連,動(dòng),感嘆)。句法研究關(guān)于句子的六項(xiàng)知識(shí)(如各種從句,主謂一致等)。兩個(gè)附加部分是語(yǔ)音知識(shí)和構(gòu)詞法。 2.關(guān)于動(dòng)詞的知識(shí)是重點(diǎn)的知識(shí)。 3.記住語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,背會(huì)例句。學(xué)語(yǔ)法光懂了不行,必須得會(huì)用,而會(huì)用的前提則是背會(huì)反映這一規(guī)則的例句??梢哉f(shuō),沒(méi)有死背,就沒(méi)有活用。 4. 在使用英語(yǔ)的實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法。平時(shí)要把主要的時(shí)間花在英語(yǔ)的聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)上,在使用中體會(huì)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,在使用中加深理解,在使用中融會(huì)貫通。If you are always sensitive, you will be exact in English. 5. 做題有好處。單項(xiàng)填空,改錯(cuò)等都可以強(qiáng)化對(duì)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的掌握。但不可過(guò)量。學(xué)英語(yǔ)的主要時(shí)間還是應(yīng)該花在不斷地聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)上。 6. 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法并不能解釋所有語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,有些不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的用法可以稱之為慣用法。這些東西會(huì)模仿就行了,不必非要弄明白為什么。 7. 適量適度學(xué)語(yǔ)法,不可投入主要精力鉆研語(yǔ)法,不可死扣語(yǔ)法的細(xì)枝末節(jié)。只有那些堅(jiān)持使用英語(yǔ)的實(shí)踐,同時(shí)又掌握了語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的人,才有可能成為英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的強(qiáng)者。 二、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成。 2. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的適用范圍。 1) 表衡量的動(dòng)詞。 The room measures 5 by 6. 2) sell, write, wash, read, wear, keep, drink等表狀態(tài)的情況下; The pen writes well. The clothes wash well. 3) 在動(dòng)詞不定式中主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。 I have a lot of work to do. 4) 動(dòng)詞不定式前面的詞為形容詞時(shí)。 The question is easy to answer. 5) 在need, want, require, be worth后面doing主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 The bike wants repairing. 注意:The bike wants to be repaired. 誤:The shoes are sold well. 正:The shoes sell well. 誤:The flowers need being watered. 正:The flowers need watering. The flowers need to be watered. 3. 沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 1) 系動(dòng)詞; He looks well today. 2) 不及物動(dòng)詞; The sun rises in the east. 3) 固定詞或短語(yǔ)中。如:happen, take place, go up, break out, e about, add up to, belong to等。 The book belonging to me is missing. 誤:Being tasted good, the food was soon eaten up. 正:Tasting good, the food was soon eaten up. 誤:The government tries its best to have peoples living standard risen. 正:The government tries its best to have peoples living standard raised. 4. can, could 1) 表示體力、眼力方面的能力,能做某種動(dòng)作的能力 I can ride a bike. 2) 在口語(yǔ)中,can 可代替may"表示許可" Can I use your dictionary? 3) 在疑問(wèn)句中表示懷疑 Can it be true? 4) 在否定句中,表示判斷或推斷 You cant be hungry so soon. Youve just had lunch. 5. may, might 1) 允許(正式或比較客氣的場(chǎng)合) You may use my car. 2) 可能:用在陳述句中 It might be right. 3) 表示判斷:不太肯定 He might be sleeping now. 4) 表祝愿 May you succeed! 5) may/ might as well不妨 You may as well tell me the truth. 6. must 1) 必須 You must do it at once. 2) 不許、禁止(否定) You mustnt waste our time. ---Must I leave now? ---No, you neednt /you dont have to. 3) 作判斷(肯定的判斷) The light is on. He must be in the office. 7. shall 1) 用于二、三人稱表允許、命令、警告。 You shall leave the door or Ill call the police. She shall do as she is told. 2) 征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示(用于一、三人稱)。 Shall I open the window? 3) 竟然 The dog should understand German. 誤:Can he e in or wait outside? 正:Shall he e in or wait outside? 8. should 1) 應(yīng)該(責(zé)任/義務(wù),任何人稱)。 You should study English hard. 2) 預(yù)測(cè)(對(duì)將要發(fā)生的進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè))"可能、該"。 They should be there by tomorrow. 9. will 1) 愿意、意愿、意志、決心(用于各人稱)。 If you will wait, Ill e back. 2) will= probably表一種猜想。 You will remember the story I told you last time. 3) 征求意見(jiàn),用于第二人稱。 Will you give me a piece of paper? 4) 否定表"可否"。 Wont you take off your cap? 5) 表某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 Fish will die out of water. 10. would 1) 意愿 Would you please do me a favor? 2) Id/should/would like to=want to Id like to see Mr. Smith. 3) 表過(guò)去習(xí)慣動(dòng)作(表過(guò)去習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在如何不知道)。 When we were children, we would go swimming every summer. 4) 一種揣測(cè)。 That would be his mother. 11. need, dare 1) 作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,要+to(尤其need) She dares to speak and dares to act. I need to go now. 2) 在否定、疑問(wèn)、條件句中,可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用。 If they dare e, they will never be able to get away. She neednt go. She doesnt need to go. 12. 幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done ought to have done 和should have done 表示應(yīng)該做某事而未做,表責(zé)備,表埋怨 could have done 本可以做某事而未做 neednt have done 不需要做某事而做了 The plants are dead. I ought to have watered it. The plants are dead. I should have watered it. Its quite near. I could have e here on foot, but I took a taxi. You neednt have brought such a big dictionary. Heres one for you. 13. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)。 1) 一定用must; You look pale. You must be ill. 2) 可能用may, might, could; He may be ill. Thats why he didnt e. 3) 一定不能或疑問(wèn)句中用can, could. You cant have met him at the airport. He went to Japan a week ago. 誤:The ground is wet. It must rain last night. 正:The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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