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第4講 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語,考點(diǎn)1 動(dòng)詞詞義辨析 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to______on the sea? A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split 【解析】選A。句意: 如果鋼比水重, 為什么船可以浮在海面上呢? float漂浮; drown溺水, 淹死; shrink收縮; split劈開, 使分離。,2. (2015浙江高考)Studies have shown that the right and left ear ______ sound differently. A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download 【解析】選C。句意: 研究已經(jīng)表明, 右耳和左耳處理聲音的方式不同。produce生產(chǎn), 制造; pronounce發(fā)音; process處理; download下載。根據(jù)常識, 耳朵不能生產(chǎn)或制造聲音, 不能發(fā)音, 更不可能下載。所以答案只能選C。,3. (2014浙江高考)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to ______ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later. A. share B. realize C. ignore D. cause 【解析】選C。句意: 上周一個(gè)網(wǎng)球砸在了我的頭上, 但是我盡力去忽視疼痛, 認(rèn)為遲早會消失的。share分享; realize意識到, 實(shí)現(xiàn); ignore忽略, 不理睬; cause造成, 引起。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。,4. (2014浙江高考)No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can ______ when the unexpected will happen. A. prove B. imply C. demand D. predict 【解析】選D。句意: 不管你多么仔細(xì)地計(jì)劃你的資金, 沒有人能夠預(yù)測什么時(shí)候會發(fā)生意想不到的事情。prove證明; imply意味著, 暗示; demand要求, 命令; predict預(yù)測。根據(jù)句中的when the unexpected will happen可知D項(xiàng)正確。,5. (2013浙江高考)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to______it with important points. A. conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold 【解析】選A。句意: 當(dāng)小組討論接近尾聲時(shí), 一定要以重點(diǎn)結(jié)束。conclude結(jié)束; lead指導(dǎo), 指引; avoid避免; hold抓住, 握住。,【解題技巧】 動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題將四個(gè)動(dòng)詞置于一個(gè)特定的語境下進(jìn)行考查, 旨在考查考生在特定語境中熟練應(yīng)用詞匯的能力。這些動(dòng)詞可以是毫無聯(lián)系, 也可以是形式上相近, 如adapt/adopt, explode/expose, raise/arise等, 或意義上相近, 語境是唯一的考查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,考點(diǎn)2 動(dòng)詞短語辨析 【典例】1. (2015江蘇高考)The university started some new language programs to______the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt. A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for 【解析】選B。句意: 為了滿足國家絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的需要, 這所大學(xué)開設(shè)了新的語言課程。apply to申請; cater for迎合, 滿足……的需要; 為……提供所需; appeal to對……有吸引力, 呼吁, 懇求; hunt for搜尋, 尋找。,2. (2015江蘇高考)The whole team______Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down. A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on 【解析】選C。句意: 全隊(duì)都指望克里斯蒂亞諾羅納爾多, 他很少讓他們失望。wait on服侍, 等待; focus on集中(注意力)于; count on指望; call on號召, 拜訪。,3. (2015浙江高考)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or______our emotions than for straight facts. A. block off B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across 【解析】選B。句意: 和直接的事實(shí)相比, 我們趨向于對于一些事情記憶會比較清楚, 這些事情刺激我們的感官或者是讓我們的情感產(chǎn)生興趣。該句的句式使用到了一個(gè)比較句式以及一個(gè)定語從句, 句式比較復(fù)雜。所填詞表達(dá)的跟前面excite our senses意思是相同的, 根據(jù)句意不難得出是appeal to“吸引”。,4. (2015浙江高考)Body language can______a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away 【解析】選D。句意: 肢體語言可以透露很多關(guān)于你的心情的信息, 因此抱臂而站可能發(fā)出一個(gè)信號: 你是有防范的。take away帶走, 拿走; throw away扔掉; put away放下, 收拾, 整理; give away泄露, 贈送, 分發(fā), 出賣。,5. (2014浙江高考)How could you______such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? A. turn off B. turn in C. turn down D. turn to 【解析】選C。句意: 你都好幾個(gè)月沒有工作了, 你怎么能夠拒絕這么好的一份工作呢? turn off關(guān)閉; turn in上交; turn down調(diào)小, 拒絕; turn to求助于。,【解題技巧】 牢記下列高頻動(dòng)詞短語: (1)break類: break away from打破; 與……脫離關(guān)系; break down出故障; (計(jì)劃、談判)失敗; (精神、身體)垮掉; 分解; break in闖入, 插嘴; break into闖入; break out爆發(fā), 突然發(fā)生; break up打碎, 分手, 分開, 關(guān)系破裂 (2)bring類: bring about導(dǎo)致, 造成, 引起; bring back恢復(fù), 使想起; bring in引進(jìn), 帶來; bring out出版, 使顯現(xiàn); bring up撫養(yǎng), 提出, 嘔吐 (3)call類: call for需要, 要求; call back回電; call in召集, 叫……來(幫忙); call on號召, 拜訪; call up使想起, 打電話, 征召,(4)come類: come about發(fā)生; come across偶遇; 無意中發(fā)現(xiàn); come out出版; 結(jié)果是; come true實(shí)現(xiàn)(無被動(dòng)); come up被提出; come up with提出(建議、計(jì)劃、方案等) (5)get類: get across解釋清楚, 使……被理解; get away from避免; 擺脫, 逃離; get away with僥幸做成; get around四處走動(dòng), 傳播開來; get down to開始認(rèn)真……; get along/on with進(jìn)展; 與……相處; get over克服; 從……中恢復(fù)或康復(fù); get rid of擺脫; 除去; get through通過; 完成; 接通電話,(6)give類: give away贈送; 泄露; 分發(fā); give back歸還; give in屈服, 讓步; 投降, 認(rèn)輸; give out分發(fā), 發(fā)出; 發(fā)表; 用盡; 筋疲力盡; give up放棄, 對……不再抱有希望 (7)go類: go against違背; 不利于; 反對; go ahead(表示同意對方提出的要求或建議)說吧! 做吧! 開始吧! go around參觀; (消息)傳播; go by過去, 經(jīng)過; go on繼續(xù); 進(jìn)行; 發(fā)生; go over復(fù)習(xí), 仔細(xì)檢查; go through穿過; 經(jīng)歷; 仔細(xì)檢查; go without沒有……也行 (8)hold類: hold back隱瞞; 抑制; 退縮; hold on=hang on別掛斷電話; 等一會兒; 堅(jiān)持下去; hold out堅(jiān)持, 伸出; hold up舉起; 阻擋; 使耽擱; hold on to緊緊抓住; 保留; 不放棄,(9)keep類: keep away from遠(yuǎn)離; 勿靠近; keep back扣下; 隱瞞, 抑制; keep up堅(jiān)持; 繼續(xù); 使不低落; keep up with跟上; keep an eye on照看, 留意; keep an eye out for密切注意 (10)look類: look around環(huán)顧四周; look away from把目光從……移開; look into調(diào)查; look back on/upon回顧; look up查找, 向上看; look up to尊敬, 敬仰; look down upon歧視, 看不起; look forward to盼望; 期待; look through瀏覽; look out當(dāng)心, 留意; 小心; look on旁觀,(11)make類: make use of利用; make up組成; 編造, 杜撰; 化妝; 和解; make up for補(bǔ)償; 彌補(bǔ); make for走向; 有助于; 導(dǎo)致; make sense有意義; 有道理; make sense of理解; make out理解; 辨認(rèn)出; make it成功做到; 約定某個(gè)時(shí)間 (12)put類: put aside把……擱置一邊, 暫不考慮; 儲蓄; put away收拾; 整理; put forward提出, 把(鐘表)撥快; put down記下, 寫下, 鎮(zhèn)壓; put out伸出; 撲滅; 生產(chǎn); put up建造, 張貼; 提供住宿; put up with忍受; put on穿上; 上演; 增加,(13)set類: set aside不顧, 留出; set about doing sth. 著手做某事; set out出發(fā), 動(dòng)身; set out to do sth. 著手做某事; set off出發(fā); 引起; 使爆炸; set up建立(組織、機(jī)構(gòu)); 創(chuàng)立 (14)take類: take after長得像某人; take down記下, 拆卸; 取下; take up從事, 開始做; 占用(時(shí)間、空間), 著手處理; take in吸收; 接收; 理解; 欺騙; take off起飛; 成功; 脫下; take on呈現(xiàn); 具有; 承擔(dān); 雇用; take over接管, 接手 (15)turn類: turn around轉(zhuǎn)身; turn away(from)不準(zhǔn)……進(jìn)入; 拒絕; turn down拒絕; turn up開大; 露面; 出現(xiàn); turn to轉(zhuǎn)向; 求助于; turn against反對; 背叛,(16)其他類短語: appeal to呼吁; 上訴; 對……有吸引力; account for 對……負(fù)責(zé); 對……作出解釋; (比例)占……; answer for因……而受罰; 對……負(fù)責(zé); approve of同意, 贊成; apply to應(yīng)用于; 適用于; apply for 申請; attach importance to重視; benefit from從……受益; keep sb. company陪伴某人; concentrate on集中注意力于; 全神貫注于(=focus on); take. . . into consideration/account把……考慮在內(nèi); contribute to 貢獻(xiàn); 捐款; 有助于, 促成; fall behind落后; fall into a habit of doing sth. 養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣; fall in love with愛上……; do away with廢除; 取 消; come into sight進(jìn)入視野; feel like(doing)想要(做……); find fault,with找毛病, 對……吹毛求疵; fit in with適應(yīng); 與……相處融洽; hang up掛斷電話; catch/draw/attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意; head for向……方向前進(jìn); be/get involved in參與; 涉及; lie in在于; participate in參加, 參與; react to對……作出反應(yīng); refer to參考, 涉及; 提到; 談到; refer to. . . as把……稱作; rely on依賴; 依靠; reply to答復(fù), 回答; respond to對……作出反應(yīng), 響應(yīng); give rise to引起; 導(dǎo)致; catch sight of看見; stick to堅(jiān)持(計(jì)劃、觀點(diǎn)、承諾); stick out伸出; suffer from患……病; 受……痛苦; watch out小心提防; contribute to有助于; be/get accustomed to習(xí)慣于; live up to不辜負(fù); 實(shí)踐; 做到; dress up化妝; 打扮; make a difference有影響, 使不相同; lead to導(dǎo)致; 引起; 通向; cheer up使高興/振作起來,考點(diǎn)3 動(dòng)詞的熟詞生義 【典例】1. (2014湖北高考)The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago. A. developed B. established C. observed D. revised 【解析】選D。句意: 這些舊的規(guī)則必須修改, 因?yàn)樗鼈冎贿m用于100年前它們被制定時(shí)存在的情況。develop開發(fā); 發(fā)展; 發(fā)育; establish建立; observe遵守; revise修改。,2. (2014江蘇高考)Top graduates from universities are______by major companies. A. chased B. registered C. offered D. compensated 【解析】選A。句意: 高才生受到各大公司的青睞, 成為爭相錄用的對象。chase追逐, 符合句意。register注冊; offer提供; compensate補(bǔ)償。,3. (2014安徽高考)Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today. It has really ______the test of time. A. failed B. stood C. taken D. conducted 【解析】選B。句意: 莎士比亞的作品今天依舊受歡迎, 它真的已經(jīng)經(jīng)受了時(shí)間的檢驗(yàn)。stand忍受, 經(jīng)受; fail失敗, 不及格; take帶走; conduct指導(dǎo), 指揮, 帶領(lǐng)。,4. (2013浙江高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation, ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing. A. realizing B. copying C. offering D. misunderstanding 【解析】選C。句意: 一個(gè)好的聆聽者要參與交談, 給出自己的想法并且提出問題以使談話順暢進(jìn)行。realize意識到; copy復(fù)制; offer(主動(dòng))提出(幫助); misunderstand誤解。此處offer意為“主動(dòng)提出想法/觀點(diǎn)等”。,【解題技巧】 對于動(dòng)詞的熟詞生義用法, 要進(jìn)行專門積累(尤其在閱讀理解中的此類詞), 并且要通過強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練對它們的用法進(jìn)行鞏固。 常見動(dòng)詞熟詞生義用法表:,【誤區(qū)糾偏】 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 動(dòng)詞詞義辨析不到位 ①(2014江蘇高考)Legend has it that the origin of Dragon Boat Festival is to______the soul of Qu Yuan. ②(變式)Legend has it that the origin of Dragon Boat Festival is to______Qu Yuan, the great ancient poet. A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)題①由句子中the soul of Qu Yuan可知, 本句意為“傳說端午節(jié)的起源是為屈原招魂?！惫时绢}要選D項(xiàng)recall(召回)。 (2)題②對題目中的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了調(diào)整, 考查remember一詞意義的理解, 句意為“傳說端午節(jié)的起源是為了紀(jì)念屈原這位偉大的古代詩人。remember在此表示“紀(jì)念”之意, 符合句意。故選A。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 動(dòng)詞短語理解不到位 ①(2014天津高考)The two countries are going to meet to______some barriers to trade between them. ②(變式)The two countries are going to meet to______ignoring some barriers to trade between them. A. make up B. use up C. turn down D. break down,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)題①題干的意思是“這兩個(gè)國家即將會晤來消除兩國之間的貿(mào)易障礙?！鳖}①break down在本句中意為“消除(障礙, 偏見等)”, 故選D。 (2)題②題干的語境是: 這兩個(gè)國家即將會晤和解, 擱置兩國之間的貿(mào)易障礙。題②make up在本句中意為“和解”, 選A。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 熟詞生義用法掌握不到位 ①(2013新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)At the last moment, Tom decided to______a new character to make the story seem more likely. ②(變式)At the last moment, Tom decided to______a notice to find a new character to make the story seem more likely. A. put up B. put in C. put on D. put off,【點(diǎn)撥】 (1)題①根據(jù)句意“在最后一刻, 湯姆決定添加一個(gè)新的角色, 從而使得這個(gè)故事顯得更加真實(shí)?！倍挥衟ut in有“加入, 添加”的意思。故選B。 (2)題②考查put up a notice這一常用結(jié)構(gòu), 意為“張貼一個(gè)通知”, 符合語境。故選A。 (3)對于put短語的積累和靈活運(yùn)用很關(guān)鍵, 最關(guān)鍵的是對不同語境的準(zhǔn)確理解。,