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第2講 推理判斷題,考點1 細(xì)節(jié)推斷類 【典例】(2015浙江高考D片段) … Even so, part of me continued to resent walking duty. Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair, I’d balk(不心甘情愿地做)silently as she and I walked. “Not fair, ”I’d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home.,Then one day—January 1, 2007, to be exact—my husband’s doctor uttered an unthinkable word: leukemia(白血病). With that, I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital, doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment’s notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained. …,Q: The story came to its turning point when______. A. Joe died in 2009 B. Joe fell ill in 2007 C. the writer began to walk the dog D. the dog tried to please the writer,【解題思路】 速讀文章, 試找出相關(guān)的信息句, 并突出關(guān)鍵詞: ___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 嘗試解答: __,①Then one day—January 1, 2007, to be exact—my husband’s doctor,uttered an unthinkable word: leukemia (白血病). ②Every part of my,life changed; no part of my old routine remained.,B,【解題技巧】 1. “字斟句酌”明內(nèi)涵 根據(jù)文章提供的具體事實, 抓住文章中的具體細(xì)節(jié), 如時間、地點、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等, 并結(jié)合生活常識進(jìn)行推理判斷。重點是合理把握其內(nèi)在關(guān)系, 理解其真正的含義, 做出正確的判斷。 2. 常見命題方式 題干中一般有know about, learn from等詞語。,考點2 邏輯推斷類 【典例】(2015江蘇高考C片段) … Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads,to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.,Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view“volunteer”as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am. ”Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation(正相關(guān))between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to,volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity. . . Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.,Q: What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work? A. Individual differences in role identity. B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts. C. ________________ D. Practical advice from researchers.,【我來命題】 1. 速讀文章, 試找出相關(guān)的信息句, 并突出關(guān)鍵詞: _______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. 請根據(jù)該題選項的特點將找到的信息改編成選項C: ________________________,. . . they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity,and the length of time people continued to volunteer.,Role identity as a volunteer.,【解題技巧】 1. “邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)”得結(jié)論 ①抓與之相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵信息, 進(jìn)行正向或逆向思維, 推斷出其隱含的深層含義。 ②整合全文或全段信息, 進(jìn)行綜合判斷, 確定最佳選項。 ③根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系, 進(jìn)行實事求是的判斷, 得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論, 而不是僅僅根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗、觀點或愛好去做出判斷。,2. 常見命題方式 題干中一般有infer, conclude, intend, mean, suggest, imply, indicate等實義動詞, 還有表達(dá)推測的情態(tài)動詞can, could, might, would等, 可能還包括表示可能性的副詞probably, possibly等及形容詞likely等。,考點3 觀點態(tài)度類 【典例】(2014?福建高考?E片段) . . . Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms’ impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition(聯(lián)合)government are in disagreement over what it should say.,We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention. The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an“acceptable”report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑)that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.,Q: Which of the following reflects the author’s opinion? A. Increase political impact on energy policy. B. Release a statement of supporters on wind farms. C. Let the nation judge the facts about wind power. D. Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.,【解題思路】 速讀文章, 試找出相關(guān)的信息句, 并標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞: __________________________________________________________ ______________________ 嘗試解答: __,We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let,the country be the judge.,C,【解題技巧】 1. “忠于措辭”定選項 文章作者或文中人物對某事物所持的觀點或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中, 注意文中作者或人物的措辭。 ①正確掌握字里行間所隱含或流露的意思, 切不可用自己的觀點來代替作者或人物的觀點。 ②留意那些描寫所處氛圍的語言及表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度或觀點的詞語或句子。 ③結(jié)合平時所積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等的背景知識來進(jìn)行合理的推斷。,2. 常見命題方式 題干中一般有attitude, opinion, think, believe, think about等詞語。,考點4 目的意圖類 【典例】(2014大綱版全國卷E片段) . . . After proving he could become a young hero by saving a baby from a runaway car, Banks gets his first real task. He must make friends with a popular girl at school, Natalie Connors. Then, he must spy on her father, a scientist who has developed a dangerous technology(技術(shù)). Banks must stop a group of bad people from forcing Natalie’s father into using the technology to endanger the world.,The CIA may have taught him first-class self-defence moves, but they didn’t show him how to talk to girls. Banks has zero ability when it comes to dealing with girls. How can he get around his problem and get an invitation to the girl’s upcoming birthday party? Will he finally become Natalie’s boyfriend and find out whatever he can about her father’s work? Agent Cody Banks has everything that young people are interested in: big explosions, breath-taking performances and funny girl-dating experiences. It was listed No. 2 in the American box office last week.,“This story is interesting and fun for the whole family to enjoy, and especially cool for young boys, ”said Paul Perkins, a film reviewer in the US.,Q: What is the purpose of the text? A. Making known the work of the CIA. B. Telling the story about a cool boy. C. Showing the dark side of science. D. Introducing a new film.,【解題思路】 速讀文章, 結(jié)合文體特點試找出相關(guān)的信息句并標(biāo)出與目的意圖有關(guān) 的詞語: _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _______ 嘗試解答: __,“This story is interesting and fun for the whole family to enjoy, and,especially cool for young boys, ”said Paul Perkins, a film reviewer in,the US.,D,【解題技巧】 1. “文體特點”求突破 ①記敘文: 一般會在首段或尾段呈現(xiàn)出高度概括的總結(jié)性的語言, 且往往有一定的哲理性, 所有的敘述都是圍繞該哲理展開。 ②廣告類應(yīng)用文: 文章中有對某種物品或服務(wù)的詳盡介紹, 使用具有明顯支持傾向的語言。 ③說明文: 寫作目的有賴于對文章主旨的把握, 閱讀時需要找準(zhǔn)主題句。 ④議論文: 提出論點——進(jìn)行論證——得出結(jié)論, 作者的目的意圖往往隱含于最后一部分中。,2. 常見命題方式 題干中一般有purpose, want to tell, in order to等詞語。,考點5 文章出處或讀者對象類 【典例】(2014安徽高考A) Personal Robot Make your parents and teachers happy! Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You don’t need to worry if you buy a Mr Helping Hand personal robot. Mr H can be programmed to organize your homework. Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.,Mr H also has these features(特點): weighs only 500 grams includes long-lasting batteries comes with a 5-year guarantee remembers simple instructions Originally(最初)sold for $499 NOW ONLY $299 BUY NOW,,WATCH CONTROL This is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear! This is NOT a watch for ordinary people! Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL acts as a remote control for TVs and videos. gives you a daily weather forecast. reminds you when to hand in your homework. sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.,Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately! Originally sold for $199 NOW ONLY $ 99 For further information, click here.,Q: Where would you be most likely to find the two texts? A. On a notice board. B. In a company brochure. C. On a teenage website. D. In a college newspaper.,【解題思路】 速讀文章, 結(jié)合文章語言特色試找出最能體現(xiàn)文章出處的專用詞匯 ____________ _________________________________ 嘗試解答: __,①BUY NOW,②For further information, click here.,C,【解題技巧】 1. “專用詞匯”做判斷 考生本身要具備一定的常識, 把文章的內(nèi)容與自己所具備的常識結(jié)合起來做出正確的判斷。如要對報紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、小說、童話、廣告、說明書、旅游指南、藥品說明、操作指南等文章的語言特色, 特別是其專用詞匯有基本的了解, 根據(jù)文章的語言特色和其專用詞匯對號入座, 快速選出最佳答案。,2. 常見命題方式 The passage would probably be found in______. The passage is most likely to be taken from/out of______. Where does the text probably come from?,【誤區(qū)糾偏】 具有下列特點的選項不可作為正確選項: 1. 原文明確提到的信息, 而不是需要考生進(jìn)行推斷的信息。 2. 語言表達(dá)正確, 卻與題干要求或文章內(nèi)容不相符。 3. 推理過于絕對, 結(jié)論過于片面, 與生活常識明顯不相符。 4. 內(nèi)容部分正確, 部分錯誤。 5. 符合常識, 但文中沒有信息支持。,考點6 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類 【典例】(2015重慶高考D) There are many places to go on safari(觀賞野生動物)in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana’s Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world’s most exciting wildlife journeys. Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.,The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow lakes full of water lilies, tends to be more active. It is unlike any other riding experience. With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face, it is truly exciting. You are very likely to come across large wild animals, too. On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer to them.,In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life. Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine. Looking back on your day, you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.,Q: The author introduced the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by______. A. following space order B. following time order C. making classifications D. giving examples,【解題思路】 速讀文章, 找出體現(xiàn)作者寫作思路的信息句并標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞: __________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _____________ 嘗試解答: __,①The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow,lakes full of water lilies, tends to be more active.,②In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried,pace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the,animals coming out to eat and drink.,③Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent,food and wine.,B,【解題技巧】 1. “寫作思路”辨結(jié)構(gòu) 此類題型考查在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對所描述事件的發(fā)展順序、所說明事物的結(jié)構(gòu)層次或在論證觀點過程中使用的論證方法進(jìn)行推理、分析、判斷、總結(jié)的能力。準(zhǔn)確把握作者的寫作思路尤為重要。通常的寫作方法有: 按事件發(fā)展的順序; 按時間的先后順序; 按地點或空間轉(zhuǎn)移的變換; 按內(nèi)容的總分關(guān)系; 按人物的活動內(nèi)容。,2. 解題步驟 一讀: 通讀全文或全段; 二想: 想一想每一句或每一段的主要意思及表達(dá)方式; 三歸: 把一些內(nèi)容相同或關(guān)系密切的段落并在一起; 四選: 選出符合篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的正確答案。 3. 常見命題方式 How is the text/. . . paragraph organized? The author develops the passage mainly by______. The passage is mainly developed in the order of______.,【文體鏈接】 一、議論文的分類 1. 立論文: 以議論為主要表達(dá)方式, 通過講事實、擺道理, 直接表達(dá)自己的觀點和主張的文章體裁。 (1)要對論述的問題有正確的看法 (2)用充足的有說服力的論據(jù) (3)要言之有理, 合乎邏輯,2. 駁論文: 針對對方的觀點加以批駁, 在批駁的同時闡述己方的觀點。 (1)提出論點 (2)證明論點 (3)總結(jié)論點,二、議論文的解題技巧 1. 緊扣文章的論點, 論點是議論文的中心和主題, 抓住論點就抓住了主題。 2. 理解文章的論證過程, 明確作者所使用的論證方法是歸納、類推和演繹中的哪一種。 3. 抓住論證中表示因果、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系的信息詞。 4. 通過作者使用的表達(dá)贊同、反對等感情色彩的形容詞、副詞或表達(dá), 辨別作者的立場和態(tài)度。,