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第1講 動詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞,考點(diǎn)1 動詞 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. 【解析】sit改為sitting。考查動詞。enjoy后加動名詞形式, 所以sit要改為sitting。,2. (2015全國卷Ⅰ)When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 【解析】think改為thought。根據(jù)前一句提供的時間, 這里用一般過去時, 表示“過去認(rèn)為”。 3. (2014新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. 【解析】句中有兩處錯誤, 一處是sat改為sit?？疾闀r態(tài)。此處sit和前面的lie是并列關(guān)系; 另一處是listening后面加to。考查不及物動詞加賓語。listen是不及物動詞, 其后加to才能接賓語。,4. (2015浙江高考)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. 【解析】felt改為feel。根據(jù)固定結(jié)構(gòu)make sb. do sth. 可知, 句中用動詞原形feel作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 5. (2014浙江高考)I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people. 【解析】去掉had。講述的是發(fā)生在過去的一件事情, 故用一般過去時。,6. (2014陜西高考)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky—they were looked like rain! 【解析】此句中有兩處錯誤, 一處是句中的was改為were?？疾橹髦^一致。因為主語arrows是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù); 另一處是去掉were?？疾檎Z態(tài)。因為look在句中相當(dāng)于系動詞, 不用被動。,【解題技巧】 1. 了解動詞的考點(diǎn) (1)動詞的考點(diǎn)主要涉及謂語動詞時態(tài)形式的選擇; 謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的混用; 動詞搭配錯誤; 并列結(jié)構(gòu)中后面動詞的形式; 及物動詞后無賓語; 不及物動詞后直接加了賓語; 不及物動詞使用被動語態(tài); 情態(tài)動詞和have, has, had等助動詞后面的動詞形式的選擇; 主謂一致等。,(2)主謂一致和并列關(guān)系是改錯題型經(jīng)常見到的考點(diǎn)。在做主謂一致題型時, 要找準(zhǔn)主語中心詞; 在做并列關(guān)系題型時, 要找準(zhǔn)表并列的成分。例如: (2014大綱版全國卷)The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. 句中有兩處錯誤: 一處是mean改為means。此句的主語是understanding不是friends, 所以謂語用單數(shù)形式; 另一處是trusting改為trust。trust是動詞, 與have并列。,2. 熟記經(jīng)常寫錯的過去式 動詞的過去式經(jīng)常寫錯的詞有: burn(burnt), learn(learnt/learned), build(built), pay(paid), feel(felt), catch(caught), hold(held), shoot(shot), eat(ate), ride(rode), ring(rang), sing(sang), sink(sank)。,考點(diǎn)2 形容詞、副詞 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. 【解析】easy→easily?？疾樾稳菰~、副詞。修飾動詞see應(yīng)用副詞, 所以easy改為easily。 2. (2015全國卷Ⅱ)Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” 【解析】terrible改為terribly。修飾形容詞worried要用副詞, 故將terrible改為terribly。,3. (2014浙江高考)I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station. I noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people. 【解析】noise改為noisy。句中was為系動詞, 其后應(yīng)該跟形容詞noisy作表語, 且后面的and filled with people也有提示。 4. (2014新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m. There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We don’t need to do so many homework. 【解析】many改為much。many修飾名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式或集體名詞, much修飾不可數(shù)名詞, homework是不可數(shù)名詞, 所以用much。,5. (2014新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)Since then—for all these years—we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing somewhere. 【解析】somewhere改為everywhere。根據(jù)上下文可知我們讓圣女果自己繁殖, 所以到處長的都是圣女果。 6. (2014遼寧高考)This morning she started barking even before 5 o’clock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. 【解析】closely改為close。此處表示“住得近(close)”, closely意為“緊密地; 親近地; 嚴(yán)密地”。,【解題技巧】 1. 熟知形容詞、副詞的句法功能 形容詞修飾名詞作定語、跟在系動詞后作表語; 副詞修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞作狀語。 2. 理清形容詞、副詞的比較等級 表示同級比較時, 用原級; 表示兩人或物之間比較時(往往有than), 用比較級; 表示三者或三者以上程度“最”高或在一個范圍內(nèi)其中一個“最”時, 用最高級。,3. 熟悉同義或近義形容詞的區(qū)別 如: lively/live/alive/living, calm/still/quiet/silent等的不同用法。 4. 牢記同源副詞的用法 在同源副詞中, 一種副詞與其形容詞同形, 另一種副詞是在形容詞后加-ly。和形容詞同形的副詞往往表示具體意義, 加-ly的副詞多表示抽象意義。還有些時候兩者的意思完全不同。例如典例⑥中的close和closely就屬于這種情況。,考點(diǎn)3 介詞 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass. 【解析】from改為of。考查介詞。be made of由……制成, 表示能看出原材料, 用from表示看不出原材料。 2. (2015全國卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 【解析】on改為with。with the development of是一個固定短語, 意為“隨著……的發(fā)展”。,3. (2015陜西高考)My soccer coach retired in last week. 【解析】去掉in。last week有副詞詞性, 作狀語時, 前面不需要加介詞。類似用法還有yesterday, today, next day等。 4. (2014浙江高考)If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in. 【解析】on改為in。in need意為“有需要; 在困境中”, 為固定搭配。,【解題技巧】 1. 熟悉介詞的基本用法 例如: 表示“在具體的某一天、某一天的上午、下午或晚上”要用介詞on; 表示“在幾點(diǎn)鐘”要用介詞at; 表示“在幾月份或哪一 年”要用介詞in。 2. 牢記介詞固定搭配 ?？嫉降慕樵~固定搭配: at night, be good at, do well in, devote. . . to. . . , set out for, insist on, search for, be famous for, at the age of, shoot at等。,3. 熟記同義、近義介詞的區(qū)別 例如: between表示“在兩者之間”, among表示“在三者或三者以上之間”; besides表示“除了……之外還有”, except表示“除……之外”。,【誤區(qū)糾偏】 英語中, 一些動詞與介詞的搭配是固定的, 需要在日常學(xué)習(xí)中不斷積累, 強(qiáng)化記憶, 形成思維定勢。這對解答短文改錯是非常有幫助的。例如: (2014陜西高考)One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, having our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. 【點(diǎn)撥】句中on改為at?？疾閯釉~與介詞的搭配。當(dāng)“瞄準(zhǔn)……射擊”講時, 用shoot. . . at。,