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2019-2020年高考英語 Unit3 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 新人教版選修8 Ⅰ.用所給的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．She ________herself by her coolness and bravery as well as a ________novelist. (distinguish) [答案]　distinguished　distinguished 2. Now the ________is ________an examination instead of a teacher. (monifor) [答案]　monitor　monitoring 3．________，the man said，“A man with an ________manner is not wele here. ”(abruptness) [答案]　Abruptly　abrupt 4. The Chinese people are longing for ________and try their best to build a ________society so that can they live ________. (stable) [答案]　stability　stable　stably 5. Your plan sounds ________， so please make it more________. [答案]　impractical　practical Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Researchers in this field __________________(有了一些重大的新發(fā)現(xiàn))． [答案]　have made some important new discoveries 2．Sometimes reality and fantasy are ____________(很難區(qū)分)． [答案]　hard to distinguish 3. A bicycle ________________________(比汽車更方便) in towns. [答案]　is often more convenient than a car 4. There was a ________________________(普遍希望他會贏)． [答案]　general expectation that he would win 5. The details of today’s flights ________________(列在顯示屏上)． [答案]　are displayed on the monitor Ⅲ.完形填空 (xx年北京) James shook his money box again. Nothing! He carefully__1__the coins that lay on the bed, $ 24.52 was all that he had. The bicycle he wanted was at least $ 90！How on earth was he going to get the __2__of the money? He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was__3__to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels. He thought about what he could do.There was no__4__asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to__5__. There was only one way to get money, and that was to__6__it. He would have to find a job.But who would hire him and what could he do? He decided to ask Mr. Clay for advice, who usually had__7__on most things. “Well, you can start right here，” said Mr. Clay. “My windows need cleaning and my car needs washing.” That was the__8__of James’ s oddjob (零工) busi ness. For three months he worked every day after finishing his homework. He was amazed by the __9__of jobs that people found for him to do. He took dogs and babies for walks, cleared out cupboards, and mended books. He lost count of the __10__of cars he washed and windows he cleaned, but the__11__increased and he knew that he would soon have enough for the bicycle he longed for. The day finally came when James counted his money and found $ 94.32. He __12__no time and went down to the shop to pick up the bicycle he wanted. He rode __13__home, looking forward to showing his new bicycle to his friends. It had been hard __14__for the money, but James knew that he valued his bicycle far more since he had bought it with his own money. He had __15__what he thought was impossible, and that was worth even more than the bicycle. 解讀：一個不服輸?shù)暮⒆樱齻€月的課外打工生涯，一輛嶄新的自行車，講述了一個感人至深的勵志故事。 1. A. cleaned　 B. covered C. counted D. checked [解析]　上文提到他的錢盒空空如也，下一句提到了錢的總數(shù)，由此可知他是在仔細(xì)“數(shù)”床上的硬幣。 [答案]　C 2. A. amount B. part C. sum D. rest [解析]　the rest表示“其余的”，此處指的是購買那輛自行車所需要的余款。他手中已經(jīng)有了一部分錢，由此可排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。 [答案]　D 3. A. brave B. hard C. smart D. unfair [解析]　當(dāng)與朋友們在一起時，別人都有自行車，唯獨(dú)自己沒有，這是一件很“艱難的”事情。 [答案]　B 4. A. point B. reason C. result D. right [解析]　there is no point doing sth.表示“做某事沒有意義”，即他的父母也無能為力。 [答案]　A 5. A. split B. spend C. spare D. save [解析]　此處spare表示“抽出，勻出”，即他的父母沒有多余的錢給他買自行車。split表示“(使)分離，(使)劈開”，語義不恰當(dāng)。 [答案]　C 6. A. borrow B. earn C. raise D. collect [解析]　上文提到他不能向父母要錢，下一句提到他不得不找一份工作，由此可知他必須自己”掙”錢。A項(xiàng)表示“借”，C、D兩項(xiàng)的意思基本相同，可排除。 [答案]　B 7. A. decisions B. experience C. opinions D. knowledge [解析]　根據(jù)本句前半句中提到的advice一詞可知Mr.Clay對大部分事情都有自己的“見解”。 [答案]　C 8. A. beginning B. introduction C. requirement D. opening [解析]　根據(jù)上一段中Mr.Clay所說的話可知這是James的零工生涯的“開始”。opening多用來表示大型活動的開幕，因此不太恰當(dāng)。 [答案]　A 9. A. similarity B. quality C. suitability D. variety [解析]　根據(jù)下一句中的內(nèi)容可知人們給他提供的工作“各種各樣”。前三項(xiàng)分別表示“相似”，“質(zhì)量”，“適合”，都不符合語境。 [答案]　D 10. A. brand B. number C. size D. type [解析]　他忘記了自己沖洗過的車輛和清洗過的窗戶的“數(shù)量”，言外之意是他的打工生涯很辛苦而且很忙碌。 [答案]　B 11. A. effort B. pressure C. money D. trouble [解析]　他打工的目的就是掙錢，從而購買那輛自行車，所以此處用money，表示他的“錢”越來越多。 [答案]　C 12. A. gave B. left C. took D. wasted [解析]　他終于盼來了實(shí)現(xiàn)心中夢想的那一天，所以一點(diǎn)時間也沒有“浪費(fèi)”，徑直走進(jìn)那家商店，買下了一直想要的那輛自行車。 [答案]　D 13. A. patiently B. proudly C. silently D. tiredly [解析]　根據(jù)本句及下一句中的內(nèi)容可知他非?！白院赖亍卑炎孕熊囼T回了家，想讓朋友們看看他的新車，這是他通過自己的長時間勞動換來的。 [答案]　B 14. A. applying B. asking C. looking D. working [解析]　他在打工期間做過各種各樣的工作，而且三個月中每天都要工作，可見“工作”非常辛苦。文章中沒有提到他申請工作時費(fèi)盡周折，因此前三項(xiàng)不正確。 [答案]　D 15. A. deserved B. benefited C. achieved D. learned [解析]　他“做到”了他認(rèn)為不可能的事情，這甚至比自行車更重要。 [答案]　C Ⅳ.閱讀理解 A (xx年重慶，E) A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be“running out of control”. This idea is dangerous. Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively，will determine the outes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we e to will make little difference.And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing. Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections(反對) ，whatever is scientifically possible will be done—somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world. In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a mon understanding, the challenges of“controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact(影響)on traditional moral values，some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outes are hard to predict. Therefore，discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future. [語篇解讀]　最近的一次調(diào)查表明了人們對于科學(xué)及其如何運(yùn)用于人類世界的不同態(tài)度。盡管大多數(shù)人都持積極的態(tài)度，但有人認(rèn)為科學(xué)發(fā)展及其應(yīng)用最終可能危害人類。只有通過大家的努力，才能讓科學(xué)最好地服務(wù)于人類。 1．What can we conclude from the recent study? A. People think highly of science. B. People hold mixed opinions about science. C. Science is getting dangerously out of control. D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes. [解析]　推理判斷題。第一段已點(diǎn)明了全文的主要內(nèi)容：盡管人們對科學(xué)一般都是積極的態(tài)度，但最近調(diào)查表明還存在著廣泛的擔(dān)憂。 [答案]　B 2．According to the passage, what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control? A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down. B. Businesses will have even greater influence on science. C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future. D. People will work more actively to put science under control. [解析]　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從第三段最后兩句可知答案為C。 [答案]　C 3．The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because________. A. scientists have failed to predict the outes B. the ties between different areas need strengthening C. united efforts are necessary for the development of science D. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science [解析]　推理判斷題。最后一段最后一句句意：只有通過充滿希望的人們團(tuán)結(jié)努力，我們才能安全地與錯誤地使用科學(xué)的現(xiàn)象作斗爭，才能讓科學(xué)最好地服務(wù)于人類。 [答案]　D 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers. B. The development of science mostly lies in people’s attitudes. C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts. D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas. [解析]　主旨大意題。第一段表明了全文的主要內(nèi)容。 [答案]　B [長難句解讀]　Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we e to will make little difference.科學(xué)進(jìn)步如此之快，受商業(yè)影響如此之深，讓我們有可能認(rèn)為我們無論做出何種決定都沒有什么作用。本句是so...that 的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中含有whatever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact on traditional moral values，some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques.盡管科學(xué)家們普遍認(rèn)同人類克隆可能會給傳統(tǒng)的道德價值觀念帶來巨大的影響，但有些國家仍然進(jìn)行與此相關(guān)的技術(shù)研究及開發(fā)。agreement on...就……達(dá)成共識；impact on...對……有影響。 B (xx年湖南) Celebrity(名人) has bee one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about specific film，but now the public tends to base its consumption (消費(fèi))on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides，fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result.celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’products to developing their own. Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a pletely new phenomenon，but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers，and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by firstclass stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful startups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities bee more and more experienced at the market，they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life. However，for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in selfpromotional marketing. And once the initial (最初的) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty (忠誠) returning to triedandtrue labels. Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The popcultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each_misstep_threatens_to_reduce_a_celebrity’s_shelf_life,_and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still，the ego’s (自我的)potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition，many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashionlike celebrityhas always been temporary. 5. Fashion magazines today________. A. seldom put models on the cover B. no longer put models on the cover C. need not worry about celebrities’market potential D. judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly [解析]　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover”可知答案。 [答案]　A 6. A change in the consumer market can be found today that________. A. price rather than brand name is more concerned B. producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisements C. producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements D. quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned [解析]　推理判斷題。文章第三段論述名人如果高估了自己的形象價值而忽視了質(zhì)量問題，人們還是最終會失去興趣而信任質(zhì)量過硬的品牌。 [答案]　D 7. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly________. A. decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his products B. damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general public C. cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show business D. influence the price of a celebrity’s products [解析]　推理判斷題。聯(lián)系此句上下文：流行文化圈越來越大，但失敗的風(fēng)險也會越來越大，依靠名人效應(yīng)的品牌一旦失足，影響的不只是名人自己的形象還有企業(yè)的效益。A項(xiàng)最全面，其他選項(xiàng)片面或偏離中心。 [答案]　A 8. The passage is mainly about________. A. celebrity and personal style B. celebrity and market potential C. celebrity and fashion design D. celebrity and clothing industry [解析]　主旨大意題。通過對文章的分析可以看出，文章講的是名人和市場潛能的關(guān)系，而不是和個人風(fēng)格、流行設(shè)計、服裝工業(yè)的關(guān)系。 [答案]　B Ⅴ.話題寫作訓(xùn)練 讀寫任務(wù) 閱讀下面短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。 During his life Dr James Naismith worked as a doctor, taught P．E. and wrote several books. While he never thought it very important, Dr Naismith is today best known for one thing. He was the inventor of basketball. Dr. Naismith was born in Canada in 1861 and his first job was at a special sports school in the USA. One day the school headmaster told James he was having a problem with the students. Because it snowed heavily, the students could not go outside. He told James that they needed a sport the boys could play indoors and gave the teacher two weeks to think of something. It was on the very last day that James came up with his idea. The “birth of basketball” is said to be on December 21, 1891, when two teams from the school played the first game. It was quite different from the basketball games of today. It had 9 players on each team and footballs were used instead of basketballs. Soon after, the game changed to 5 players on each side, using special “basketballs”． Although Dr. Naismith did not live to see basketball bee the worldwide game it is today, in 1936, just three years before his death, basketball became an Olympic sport at the Games in Berlin. 【寫作內(nèi)容】 1．以約30個詞概括閱讀材料的內(nèi)容； 2．以約120個詞表達(dá)你內(nèi)心的感受，并包括如下幾個要點(diǎn)： (1)談?wù)劙l(fā)明創(chuàng)造對當(dāng)今社會的意義； (2)舉例說明古今中外給你留下深刻印象的發(fā)明家； (3)呼吁學(xué)校要鼓勵學(xué)生勇于創(chuàng)新。 【寫作要求】 1．作文中可使用自己的親身經(jīng)歷或虛擬的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直按引用原文的句子； 2．作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。 【參考范文】 We have learnt much from the passage about Dr. James Naismith, the inventor of basketball as well as how this sport es into being and bees popular among people around thc world. Invention has been playing a significant role in human society. Almost everyone in the world has benefited to a certain extent from different kinds of invention, raging from electric light—bulb to the Internet, to name just a few. Among so many famous inventors in the world, the one who leaves me the deepest impression is Zhang Heng, one of the greatest inventors in East Han Dynasty in China. His greatest contribution to china and even to the world is the seismograph, a sensitive instrument used to detect earthquake. With this great invention, the local government could notice an earthquake much earlier than they did before and send rescue team to help those who suffered in the disaster more quickly. It goes without saying that invention has advanced the development of our society in many ways. Therefore, it will be wise for schools today to encourage their students to spend more time having activities related to invention and innovation rather than always bury themselves in the sea of exams.