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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) BookII Unit4教學(xué)案 人教大綱版 理解:要點(diǎn)詮釋 單詞 1.absence 講： n.缺席；不在；缺乏 例：Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在時(shí)你要規(guī)矩點(diǎn)。 Absence of rain caused the plants to die. 因缺水導(dǎo)致植物枯死。 鏈接拓展 absence of mind心不在焉， absent adj. be absent from缺席 He was absent from school yesterday. 他昨天曠課了。 反義詞present adj. be present at出席；到場(chǎng) 練：The presence of social support helps people fend off（避開）illness,and the _______of such support makes poor health more likely. A.absence B.absent C.appearance D.help 提示:注意此處為對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)，所以此空中的用詞應(yīng)該和presence相對(duì)應(yīng)。 答案:A 2.apart 講：adv.遠(yuǎn)離地；隔開地；向一邊；在一邊 短語:take...apart把……拆開 apart from prep. 除外 例：The two houses are 500 metres apart. 這兩所房子相距500米。 She lives apart from her parents. 她和父母分開住。 They planted the trees three metres apart. 他們每隔三米種一棵樹。 He took me apart in order to speak to me alone. 他把我領(lǐng)到一邊，以便單獨(dú)跟我說話。 He took the engine apart in order to find where there was wrong. 他把引擎拆開查找問題所在。 練：_______ the cost,the dress doesn’t suit me. A.Except B.Expect C.Apart from D.Beside 提示:apart from具有多重意義：既可表示besides,也可以表示except或except for,還可以表示without的意思。 答案:C 3.contribute 講：vt.& vi.貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)；投稿 短語:contribute...to...把……貢獻(xiàn)給；把……投給…… contribute to 為……作貢獻(xiàn)；有助于……；向……投稿 例：He contributed a lot of money to the charity. 他捐很多錢給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。 She contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion. 她在這次討論中提出很多好的意見。 He didn’t contribute anything to world peace. 他對(duì)世界和平毫無貢獻(xiàn)。 I contributed several poems to a literary magazine. 我投了幾首詩給一本文學(xué)雜志。 The fair weather contributed to the success of the voyage. 良好的天氣助成了那次航行。 A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. 適度的運(yùn)動(dòng)有益健康。 The construction of a highway will contribute to the growth of the suburbs. 建造高速公路將有助于郊區(qū)的發(fā)展。 鏈接提示 n. contribution 貢獻(xiàn) make contributions to作出貢獻(xiàn) 練：Eating too much fat can ______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. A.result from B.contribute to C.attend to D.devote to 提示:本題考查短語動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)句子的意思分析，此處應(yīng)使用能表示“導(dǎo)致”的短語。短語動(dòng)詞contribute to的意思是“有助于；促成”，相當(dāng)于lead to。 答案:B 4.remend 講：vt.推薦；介紹；勸告；建議 短語:remend sth.(to sb.)(for sth.) remend sb.sth. remend(for sth./as sth.) remend sb.to do remend doing remend that... 例：Can you remend me a good novel? 你能給我推薦一本好小說嗎？ He will remend you for the job. 他將會(huì)推薦你擔(dān)任那一職務(wù)。 I remend her as your secretary. 我推薦她當(dāng)你的秘書。 I remend going by railway. 我建議乘火車。 The doctor remended me to take a long rest. 醫(yī)生勸我長期休息。 The teacher remended that I (should) read the novel. 老師勸我讀那部小說。 Can you remend me a good lawyer? 你能推薦一位好律師給我嗎？ 鏈接提示 remend在作“建議”講時(shí)，其同義詞為advise。remend后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。 練：I __________ you to buy this dictionary. A.remend B.suggest C.agree D.apply 提示:此處用remend表示“建議”。其他詞均不能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 答案:A 短語 e into being 講：該短語為不及物動(dòng)詞短語，表示“出現(xiàn)；形成；產(chǎn)生”。 例：We do not know when the universe came into being. 我們不知道宇宙何時(shí)開始存在。 Thus the Great Wall came into being. 這樣長城就形成了。 Thus the first workers’ league came into being. 這樣第一個(gè)工人聯(lián)盟就出現(xiàn)了。 Such a custom came into being long ago. 這種風(fēng)俗很久以前就有了。 鏈接拓展 e into power 上臺(tái)；掌權(quán)；執(zhí)政 This government came to/into power in xx. 該政府于xx年執(zhí)掌政權(quán)。 e into effect 實(shí)行；實(shí)施；生效 The new tax regulations came into effect last week. 新稅法上周開始實(shí)施。 The telephone first came into use in the 1870s. 電話在19世紀(jì)70年代開始使用。 e into sight/view 可以望見；出現(xiàn)在眼前 The mountain town came into sight/view as we turned the last corner. 我們拐過最后一個(gè)彎,山城就映入了我們的眼簾。 練：The town came into ________ as we turned the corner. A.being B.use C.fashion D.sight 提示:本題通過語境考查e into和不同名詞構(gòu)成短語的意思，短語e into being“形成”；e into use“開始使用”；e into fashion“流行；入時(shí)”；e into sight“進(jìn)入視線”。根據(jù)as we turned the corner得出答案為D。 答案：D 句型 1.A is to B what C is to D. 講：請(qǐng)觀察下列課文原句： A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man. 巢與鳥兒的關(guān)系如同房子和人的關(guān)系。 A net is to a fisherman what a gun is to a hunter. 網(wǎng)與漁夫的關(guān)系就像槍與獵人一樣。 Arms are to the body what branches are to a tree. 上肢與身體的關(guān)系就像樹枝和樹的關(guān)系。 A is to B what C is to D.這一句型表示“A對(duì)B而言正如C對(duì)D一樣”。 例：We are to them what fish is to water. 我們和他們的關(guān)系就像魚兒和水一樣。 Honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow. 蜂蜜與蜜蜂的關(guān)系如同牛奶和奶牛的關(guān)系。 Furniture is to the living room what playground equipment is to the playground. 家具與居室的關(guān)系如同體育器械和操場(chǎng)的關(guān)系。 鏈接提示 在本句型中只能使用what來引導(dǎo)。 練：Smell is to the nose _________ taste is to the tongue. A.that B.what C.how D.which 提示:本句話的意思為“嗅覺與鼻子的關(guān)系如同味覺和舌頭的關(guān)系”。 答案:B 2.連詞+過去分詞作狀語 講：請(qǐng)觀察下面教材原句： Once published,his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. 付印后，他的詩作因?yàn)樾形膊谎喉嵍螳@其名。 講：Once published是Once it was published 的省略。英語中的某些連詞，如when,if,unless,though,once等后可直接跟過去分詞作狀語。此時(shí)，過去分詞與句子的主語之間一定要具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 例：If trapped in a burning building,you should send for help. 如果困在燃燒的房子里，你應(yīng)該尋求幫助。 Although shot in the leg,he continued firing at the thief. 雖然被擊中腿部，他繼續(xù)和小偷搏斗。 The programme,once begun,must be continued. 這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，一旦啟動(dòng)，就必須繼續(xù)下去。 Generally speaking,when taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effect. 一般來說，如按說明吃藥，這種藥沒有副作用。 Unless invited to speak,you should remain silent at the conference. 在會(huì)議上，如果不請(qǐng)你講話，你就應(yīng)保持沉默。 I’ll go to attend the meeting if invited. 如果受到邀請(qǐng)我就去參加那個(gè)會(huì)議。 鏈接提示 此句型為連詞＋過去分詞作狀語的用法。過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語應(yīng)該和主句的主語一致，且表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。有時(shí)為了更準(zhǔn)確地表示主句和從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，在過去分詞的前面使用連詞，相當(dāng)于該連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句（從句謂語動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)）。 練：A beam of light will not bend round ers unless______to do so with the help of a reflecting device. A.having been made B.being made C.made D.you make 提示:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子的意思，unless應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)狀語，但句子不完整。可補(bǔ)全句子內(nèi)容為unless it is made to do so，所以正確答案為C項(xiàng)。 答案:C 辨析 1.remind，call up remind v. 提醒；使想起 常用結(jié)構(gòu)有:remind sb.of...使某人想起；remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事；remind sb.that...提醒…… She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers. 她提醒我還沒有澆花。 Remind me to mail the letter. 提醒我寄這封信。 The film reminded me of my childhood. 這部電影使我想起了我的童年時(shí)代。 即時(shí)練習(xí): The picture of the park ________memories of our class trip last year. A.called up B.reminded C.turned up D.came up 提示:call up打電話；使回憶起；召集；remind sb.of...使某人回憶起（賓語為人）；turn up出現(xiàn)；到達(dá)；把……開大/擰大；e up上升；提出。根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)表示“……使我想起了去年我們班的旅行”。 答案：A 2.despite,in spite of,though 三者都有“盡管”之意，但詞性不同。前兩者為介詞，后跟名詞，通常情況下可換用。而though 是連詞，后跟句子。 即時(shí)練習(xí): (1)He’s very active ________ his age. (2) ________ all their hard work,the project ended in failure. (3) ________ it was very late,the child would not go to bed. (4)Young ________ he was he knew a lot. 答案:(1)despite/in spite of (2)In spite of/Despite (3)Though (4)though 誘思:實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥 【例1】 (xx重慶模擬) The old lady’s hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctor ________ this shaking had begun half a year before,and ________,only because of this,she had forced to give up her job. A.when;how B.how;when C.how;how D.why;why 提示:由句中給出的時(shí)間狀語half a year before可知不能再選含有when的選項(xiàng)，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，這位老太太是在向醫(yī)生說明情況，故她自己并不知道手哆嗦的原因，故排除D項(xiàng)why。正由于手哆嗦，她又是怎樣被迫放棄了工作。 答案:C 講評(píng):連詞的使用要從句子的意思上去分析。 【例2】 (xx廣東模擬) You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ________ you have to wait. A.even if B.in case C.as if D.in order that 提示:該句意為:你最好帶點(diǎn)什么去讀以防需要候診。由上下文的邏輯語意可知，此處應(yīng)該用in case。 答案:B 講評(píng):注意分析句子的意思。 【例3】 (xx重慶模擬) —You know.Bob is a little slow ________ understanding so... —So I have to be patient ________ him. A.in;with B.on;with C.in;to D.at;of 提示:be slow in表示“在……方面反應(yīng)遲鈍”，be patient with對(duì)……有耐心。 答案:A 講評(píng):從詞語的固定搭配和句子所要表達(dá)的意思上去分析。