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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit 3 Australia 知識(shí)精講 新人教版選修9 一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 高三新課：Unit 3（II）—Australia 二. 知識(shí)總結(jié)與歸納： 1. It was probably once connected to South America, but the continents separated as the earth’s plates moved. 澳洲很可能曾經(jīng)同南美洲連在一起，但是隨著地球板塊的活動(dòng)而分離開了。 connect to / with ：與……有聯(lián)系／連接　　 The child connected the moon with a fairy tale his grandma told him. separate：分離　　短語：separate…from…. 2. Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. 因?yàn)榘拇罄麃喭渌箨懸呀?jīng)分離了幾百萬年了，所以澳大利亞與許多動(dòng)植物是世界其他地方找不到的。 Having been separated from other continents for millions of years：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式做原因狀語。 Having put up the tent, they started to cook their supper. 3. One strange animals lay eggs yet feeds its young on its milk. 有一種動(dòng)物很奇特，會(huì)下蛋，而又給她的幼崽喂奶。 lay egg：下蛋。lay的其他意思：擺放；把……歸于 相關(guān)的短語：lay out：布置；安排；lay down：放下；lay aside：把……放在一邊；lay off：裁員；lay the foundation of ….：奠定……的基礎(chǔ) feed sb. on sth. ：用……喂養(yǎng)；＝feed sth to sb. feed on….：以……為食 In winter they feed the horses on hay and corn. Chinese people feed on rice chiefly. You can feed these turnips to the rabbits. 其他短語： feed …with…：用……補(bǔ)給…… be fed up with = be tired of…厭倦…… He fed the fire with some logs. I have fed up with these boring meeting. 4. In area, it is approximately the same size as the USA（without Alaska） which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people. 澳大利亞的面積大致相當(dāng)于美國（不含阿拉斯加）。而美國的人口卻是澳大利亞人口的14倍多。 approximately：接近；近似于（指質(zhì)量或數(shù)量） His description of the event approximately to the truth but there were a few inaccuracies. the same size as==as big as… which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people非限定性定語從句修飾the USA。后面省略了as Australia. more than fourteen times as many people倍數(shù)句型： 倍數(shù)＋as …as … 倍數(shù)＋形容詞／副詞比較級 than…. 倍數(shù)＋表示比較大小，長度，重量等名詞＋of …. 倍數(shù)＋that / those of…. Tom is twice older than Jack. Tom is twice the age of Jack. Tom’s age is two times that of Jack’s. 5. The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a “dingo”. 設(shè)置籬笆的目的是用來阻攔一種叫做dingo的野狗。 keep out：阻攔，不讓……進(jìn)來；使……置身于……之外 其他有關(guān)keep的短語：keep on doing：堅(jiān)持／繼續(xù)做；keep off：推遲；避開；擋??；keep sb. from doing：阻止某人做……；keep up：維持; keep up with：跟上 They closed all the windows to keep out the cold. Keep off the grass. He keeps on phoning me, but I really don’t want to speak to him. The heavy rain kept them from going out. 6. Farms in the middle of Australia are usually so large that the farmers use motorbikes or helicopters for the task of rounding up the sheep or cattle. 澳大利亞中部的農(nóng)場很大，農(nóng)場主們得用摩托車或直升飛機(jī)來趕牛羊。 round up：聚攏，集中在一起。 The guide rounded up the tourists and hurried them back into the bus. 7. The climate is different depending on the area. 氣候因地區(qū)不同而各異。 8. Outings are popular and most Australians are delighted to share a cold glass of beer or lemonade with a friend. 外出交流是很普通的事，大多數(shù)澳大利亞人都喜歡同朋友們一道享受一杯冰凍啤酒或檸檬汁。 be delighted to do….：高興地去做……還可以與介詞at / with / by 連用。 We were all delighted to receive your invitation. She was delighted at the chance. 注意：delightful：令人愉快的 The news is delightful to us. 短語：to one’s delight ：令人高興的是。 To his great delight, he passed the examination with first-class honors. 【典型例題】 一. 單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. The store had to ____ a number of clerks because sales were down. A. lay out B. lay off C. lay aside D. lay down 答案：B 分析：銷售量下降，公司不得不暫時(shí)裁減一些雇員。lay out：布置；安排；lay down：放下；lay aside：把……放在一邊；lay off：裁員 2. Television may be a splendid ____ of munication, but it prevents us from face to face municating with each other. A. medium B. recreation C. experience D. generation 答案：A 分析：電視是一個(gè)很好的交流媒介；但它也阻礙了我們面對面的交流。medium：媒體；recreation：娛樂 3. ______ the Internet is bridging the distance between people, it may also be breaking some home or will cause other family problems. A. When B. While C. If D. As 答案：B 分析：盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)促進(jìn)了人與人間的交流，但它也可能破壞人們的家庭或引起其他的家庭問題。While：盡管。 4. It is reported that the United States uses ______ energy as the whole Europe. A. as twice B. twice as much C. twice much as D. twice much 答案：B 分析：美國消耗的能源是全歐洲的兩倍． 5. They still _____ each other over the question of pay. A. differ B. differ from C. differ in D. differ for 答案：B 分析：他們在報(bào)酬問題上觀點(diǎn)仍然不同。differ in：在……上不同。 6. _____ full preparation, we decided to put off the meeting till next week. A. We did not make B. Having not made C. We had not made D. Not having made 答案：D 分析：由于沒準(zhǔn)備好，我們決定把會(huì)議推遲到下周。Not having made現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式做狀語。 二. 翻譯句子： 1. 這些熊以這種特殊的樹葉為生。 2. 在這個(gè)問題上我只好保留不同意見了。 3. 趕快把同學(xué)們集合起來，我們該返回學(xué)校了。 4. 沒問題他們會(huì)很高興照顧他的。 5. 我們的學(xué)校面積將近200英畝。 答案： 1. These bears feed on the leaves of this special tree. 2. I’m afraid I’ll have to differ on this matter. 3. Please round up the students quickly, It’s time to return to school. 4. No doubt they will be delighted to take care of him. 5. The approximate area of my school is 200 acres. 【模擬試題】 一. 單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. Some animals hibernate in the winter, which can ____ the cold. A. keep out B. keep off C. keep up D. keep back 2. It’s known to all that cattle ____ mainly on grass. A. eat B. feed C. take D. put 3. The two sides in the dispute still differ ____ each other _____ the question of pay A. with; over B. with; in C. over; with D. on; over 4. The Shepherd had to ______ the sheep before the night fell. A. break up B. round up C. pick up D. call up 5. Faced with the reporter’s ____ questions, the prime minister had much trouble answering them. A. absurd B. strange C. pointed D. reasonable 6. Mr. Paul, who is a man of ____ height, is said to be our English teacher this term. A. mon B. medium C. ordinary D. usual 7. Today in Australia, there are thousands of creatures, ____ are endangered by human beings. A. many of them B. most of whom C. the majority of which D. whose may 8. —Did you buy the dress yesterday ? —No, _____ I liked the color, I didn’t like its style. A. While B. Since C. Before D. As 9. Paper produced every year is _____ the world’s production of vehicles. A. the three times weight of B. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as 10. _____ hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam. A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked C. Having never worked D. Never have worked 二. 完型填空： I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 1 and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be 2 but a failure.” After five years of 3 jobs, I fell in love with a very nice middle-class girl. It was the best 4 that could have happened to me. I 5 I wanted to do something positive with my life because I wanted to prove to 6 that what people said about me was 7 . Especially her mother, who had said to me, “Let’s 8 it, you’ve failed at everything you’ve ever done. ” So I tried hard with my 9 and went to college. My first novel 10 while I was at college. After college I taught during the 11 in high schools and attended evening classes at London University, where I got a 12 in history. I became a lecturer at a college and was thinking of 13 that job to write full time 14 I was offered a part-time job at Leeds University. I began to feel proud of myself 15 was a working-class boy who’d 16 school early, now teaching at the university. My writing career took off when I discovered my own style. Now I’m rich and 17 , have been on TV, and met lots of film stars. 18 what does it mean? I 19 wish all the people that have put me down had 20 : “ I believe in you. You’ll succeed.” 1.A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful 2. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 3. A. low B. poor C. good D. useful 4. A. support B. happiness C. surprise D. thing 5. A. admitted B. decided C. planned D. told 6. A. me B. them C. her D. it 7. A. wrong B. right C. stupid D. faulty 8. A. see B. know C. understand D. face 9. A. experiment B. practice C. writing D. position 10. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back 11. A. day B. night C. month D. year 12. A. graduation B. pass C. degree D. success 13. A. giving in B. giving back C. giving out D. giving up 14. A. while B. if C. when D. or 15. A. there B. here C. it D. that 16. A. left B. attended C. changed D. graduated 17. A. tired B. calm C. nervous D. famous 18. A. And B. But C. However D. Well 19. A. just B. exactly C. so D. very 20. A. praised B. said C. answered D. advised 三. 閱讀理解： There are two kinds of physical activity which require special training. The first demands exact, careful movements of the muscles（肌肉）. This kind of activity must be strictly controlled because even a slight movement in the wrong direction will lead to a mistake. To type quickly, for example, a person needs training; the slightest movement of a finger in the wrong direction may cause a spelling mistake. A dancer who has to dance on the point of her shoes or turn around on one foot must be trained for a long period-of time before she can sense her own center and balance herself. You may have seen a girl walking on a rope across an empty space, which, too, requires a lot of practice. The second kind of physical activity needs greater strength or extra effort. Most of us get tired if we try to run half a mile without stopping, but a specially-trained person can do this without much effort. Three years ago, some scientists carried out experiments, which produced meaningful and unexpected results. They wanted to find out whether a certain amount of physical exercise would injure those suffering from heart problems. They selected some male patients and trained them in continuous bicycle riding. They were surprised to find that the harmful effect of a given amount of physical effort was actually less on the hearts of these trained patients than on those of the patients who were not similarly trained. This is important because it shows that regular physical exercise enables us to make better use of the oxygen, we breathe in and that this training, in fact, reduces the amount of work our hearts do. Many tasks which are hard for untrained people are not hard at all for trained people. 1. The first kind of physical activity must be strictly controlled because _____. A. a mistake in the wrong direction is dangerous to the fingers B. a wrong movement in a direction will cause no mistakes C. a movement in the wrong direction will cause a mistake D. a slight movement of a finger will lead to a mistake 2. What must a dancer do before she can balance herself ? A. She must dance on the point of her shoes. B. She must receive long-time training. C. She must turn around on one foot. D. She must perform again and again. 3. The experiments done by some scientists showed that _____. A. some male patients were asked to ride bicycles regularly in the experiments B. the physical exercise had more harmful effect on the hearts of the untrained patients C. the physical exercise was harmless to the male patients with heart trouble D. the physical exercise could be helpful for the patients to take in more oxygen 4. What would be the best title for this text? A. Training Our Bodies B. Physical Activities C. Movement Training D. Extra Body Effort 四. 短文改錯(cuò)： My car just wouldn’t move any further. It was plete 1. ______ dead , and I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold, 2. ______ wet night. I decided walk around a little before accepting I’d 3. ______ have to spend the night in the car. Maybe I can find a 4. ______ telephone. Actually, I didn’t have to walk far before I 5. ______ found a small house standing on a field with a light 6. ______ shone from the sitting room. I knocked at the door and 7. ______ was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the 8. ______ door but listened to my story carefully. He said he had 9. ______ no telephone, and it wasn’t one within walking distance. 10. _____ [參考答案] 一. 單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. A　 一些動(dòng)物冬季冬眠用來御寒。keep out the cold：抵御寒冷。 2. B　 眾所周知牛以草為食。feed on：以……為食。 3. A　 雙方就報(bào)酬問題彼此存在分歧。differ with sb. over / about sth：在……方面與……人有分歧。 4. B　 牧羊人在天黑前把羊聚攏起來。round up：把……聚集起來。 5. C　 面對記者的尖銳的問題，首相感覺很難回答這些問題。pointed：尖銳的 6. B Paul 先生中等身材，據(jù)說這學(xué)期是我們的英語教師。medium：中等的（adj） 7. C　 在澳大利亞有許多生物都受到人類的威脅。前半句有逗號結(jié)尾，后面應(yīng)當(dāng)是the majority of which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句。 8. A　 我盡管喜歡它的顏色，但不喜歡它的款式。While：盡管；雖然。 9. B　 每年生產(chǎn)的紙的重量是世界上生產(chǎn)出的卡車重量的三倍。three times the weight of……倍數(shù)句型。 10. C 由于以前沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)，Tom很害怕考試通不過。Having never worked分詞做原因狀語。 二. 完型填空： 本文敘述了“我”少年時(shí)因?qū)W習(xí)不好受人蔑視，愛上一位中產(chǎn)階級的姑娘后才奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)改變自己的命運(yùn)，最終功成名就的人生經(jīng)歷。 1. B useless：沒有用，從上文“I did very badly at school”可以看出，作者給校長的印象是“無用”。 2. A You’re never going to be anything but a failure . 意為：你將一事無成。（你將只是一個(gè)失敗者）根據(jù)never可判斷選anything。never／not … anything but=nothing but=only。 3. B poor job“低等的、劣等的工作”。low與job搭配不當(dāng)，因他學(xué)業(yè)不好，文憑不高，故推斷“我”應(yīng)做poor job；useful不合句意。 4. D 句意：這可能是發(fā)生在我身上的最好的事情。 5. B 根據(jù)其賓語可判斷出這是作者作出的決定。decide：決定…… 6. C 我想向她證明人們對我的評價(jià)是錯(cuò)的。her指the nice middle class girl。 7. A A 項(xiàng)wrong：錯(cuò)誤的，不對的。D項(xiàng)faulty：不完美的，有缺陷的，有錯(cuò)誤的。 8. D face it：承認(rèn)，正視（現(xiàn)實(shí)）。 9. C writing寫作，由下一句話“在大學(xué)時(shí)我的第一部小說出版了”，推知“我”努力嘗試寫作。 10. C e out“出版”；A項(xiàng)e on“上場；改善；快，加把勁；得了吧!”；B項(xiàng)e in“（潮水）上漲；取得（名次）；時(shí)興，流行；可利用，可提供；到達(dá)”；D項(xiàng)e back “回來，返回；再度流行”。 11. A 根據(jù)下文“attended evening classes”可判斷出是白天在大學(xué)里教書。 12. C 句意：“我”獲得了歷史學(xué)學(xué)位。 13. D 此句意為：我成了一位大學(xué)講師，并且正考慮放棄那份工作（講師）去專門從事寫作。A項(xiàng)由give in“屈服，讓步”；B項(xiàng)give back“歸還；使恢復(fù)”；C項(xiàng)give out“用完，耗盡；停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；分發(fā)，散發(fā)；發(fā)出，放出（光，熱）；宣布”。 14. C when在此處相當(dāng)于just at that time，suddenly，用來引出一個(gè)忽然出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作。 15. B 句意：這（里）是一個(gè)工人階級男子，他曾過早輟學(xué)，現(xiàn)在在大學(xué)教書。 16. A left school “輟學(xué)”；B項(xiàng)attend school “上學(xué)”。 17. D 根據(jù)下文“have been on TV，and met lots of film stars”可判斷出作者出名了。A項(xiàng)：累了；B項(xiàng)：鎮(zhèn)定的；C項(xiàng)：緊張的。 18. B 轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，A項(xiàng)：并且，順接連詞；C項(xiàng)：然而，副詞。 19. A just= mercy／only，表達(dá)了作者惟一的愿望。 20. B 根據(jù)直接引語可確定選B。say強(qiáng)調(diào)說的內(nèi)容；此句意為：我多么希望那些曾經(jīng)蔑視過我的人們過去說的話是，“我信任你，你必能成功”。此句用的是虛擬語氣。Put sb. down：“使（當(dāng)眾）出丑”。 三. 閱讀理解： 本篇介紹了兩種需要特別培訓(xùn)的身體運(yùn)動(dòng)。 1. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段的第二句“這種活動(dòng)必須被嚴(yán)格控制，因?yàn)槌e(cuò)誤方向的一個(gè)微小運(yùn)動(dòng)將會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤”可知答案為C。 2. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“一個(gè)……的舞蹈者在……前必須經(jīng)過長期的訓(xùn)練”可知答案為B。 3. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第五、六句可知答案。 4. A 主旨大意。文章第一句“有兩種身體活動(dòng)需要特殊訓(xùn)練”為主題句，下面兩段內(nèi)容均是以此展開的。 四. 短文改錯(cuò)： 1. pletepletely 2. 去掉far 3. decided后加to 4. cancould 5. √ 6. onin 7. shoneshining 8. delightingdelighted 9. butand 10. itthere