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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit21 Karl Marx教案 北師大版必修2 一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)與要求 通過本單元教學(xué)，使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步掌握過去完成時(shí)的用法，并復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。通過學(xué)習(xí)馬克思如何學(xué)習(xí)外語來了解外語學(xué)習(xí)的重要性及這位偉人極富頑強(qiáng)毅力的一面，學(xué)習(xí)這位偉人的科學(xué)精神。學(xué)生能夠用自己的語言，描述有關(guān)馬克思生平的一些情況和學(xué)習(xí)的務(wù)實(shí)態(tài)度，并從中受到教育和啟發(fā)。 二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn) 1．重點(diǎn)詞匯force；rapid；praise；encourage；have a talk with；e across；makeprogress；before long；move on；keep on（doing something）；translate...into... 2．重要句型 1）In 1849，he went to England and made London the base for his revo－lutionary work．2）He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles inEnglish for an American newspaper．3）His English was so good that Engels wrote him a let－ter and praised him for it．4）He found it important to study the situation in Russia． 3．語法 掌握過去完成時(shí)的用法；復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時(shí)：1）Marx had learnt some Englishbefore he got to England．2）After he arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve hisEnglish．3）When all his money had gone，Marx had to leave his house in London． 4．日常交際用語 談?wù)撜Z言學(xué)習(xí)（Talking about language study）：1）How are you get－ting on with your English lessons？2）My grammar is improving，but I find idioms and usefulexpressions hard to learn．3）Which do you find easiest／most difficult—listening，speaking，reading or writing？4）If you have a problem with...，you should... 三、課型 （一）對話課 Ⅰ．教具 錄音機(jī)，投影儀。 Ⅱ．課堂教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 1．教師通過以下步驟導(dǎo)入本課： 向?qū)W生提出下列問題：I understand that you all like to learn English and all of you havefound it interesting to learn the English language．Now tell me what you have found hard tolearn in English，listening，speaking，reading or writing？Or other things like verbs，sen－tence structure，spelling and pronunciation？ 2．準(zhǔn)備放對話錄音。借助投影片打出以下聽前提問：1）What does Yang Mei find hardto learn in English？ 2）When the man met the woodcutter the second time，what was thewoodcutter doing？放錄音一至兩遍，請學(xué)生回答上述問題，教師予以必要訂正。 Key：1）Yang Mei finds idioms and useful expressions hard to learn．2）The woodcutterwas cutting the tree up． 根據(jù)本課對話內(nèi)容，教師再提出一些問題，檢查學(xué)生的理解程度，并對某些問題展開討論。 1）Yang Mei finds idioms and useful expressions hard to learn．Do you agree？Pleasegive examples to show why you agree or disagree．2）Did the man really understand what thewoodcutter had said？According to the dialogue，why do you think the man got puzzled aboutthe expression“cut the tree up”？3）What did the woodcutter really mean by saying“I’mcutting this tree up”？4） Why do you think Sara tells this story to Yang Mei？What does hewant to show by using this example？ 3．再次放對話錄音，學(xué)生跟讀。將學(xué)生分為兩人一組練習(xí)對話。數(shù)分鐘后，請兩、三組同學(xué)到前面表演。 教師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納在本課中有關(guān)談?wù)撜Z言學(xué)習(xí)的常用語句（見日常交際用語部分）。為學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)一些在英語學(xué)習(xí)上遇到的困難，啟發(fā)同學(xué)運(yùn)用這部分語言編出對話。 情景 1：Someone has a lot of difficulty in spelling，he just can’t spell the words correct－ly．Sometimes he adds some letters，other times he misses some letters．He always makesmistakes in spelling and he is very worried．Make a dialogue between this person and hisfriend and try to give him some advice． 情景2：Someone has a lot of difficulty in pronunciation．Though she tries hard，she justcan not pronounce the words correctly．She knows that the teacher on the tape does not readEnglish in the way she does，but she does not know how to improve her pronunciation．Make a dialogue and give her some suggestions． 經(jīng)數(shù)分鐘練習(xí)后，教師可請幾位同學(xué)到前面進(jìn)行表演，教師予以講評。 4．要求學(xué)生以伐木工為第一人稱，講述這個(gè)故事。教師可給出首句：One day when I wasworking in the woods a stranger passed by． Model： One day when I was working in the woods a stranger passed by．He seemed to be inter－ested in what I was doing and asked，“What are you doing？”I told him that I was cutting thetree down．The next day when I was cutting the tree into pieces so that I could have somefirewood，the same stranger passed by again，asking me the same question．When I told himI was cutting the tree up，he couldn’t understand it and went away，puzzled． 當(dāng)堂要求學(xué)生完成，如時(shí)間允許，可請幾位同學(xué)朗讀自己的短文，教師予以講評。 5．布置作業(yè) 1）預(yù)習(xí)第82、83課；2）完成練習(xí)冊中安排的練習(xí)。 （二）閱讀理解課（Ⅰ） Ⅰ．教具 錄音機(jī)，投影儀。 Ⅱ．課堂教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 1．檢查生詞及短語。 2．教師通過以下提問導(dǎo)入正課：1）What do you already know about Karl Marx？（注）2）What do you expect to learn about Karl Marx from this unit？ 板書學(xué)生所提及的內(nèi)容，最后小結(jié)在課文中所出現(xiàn)的學(xué)生提及的內(nèi)容。 3．教師給出讀前提問：1）What languages did Marx learn at school？2）How old was hewhen he began to learn Russia？ 教師給學(xué)生數(shù)分鐘，要求學(xué)生快速閱讀課文。之后請同學(xué)回答上述問題。 Key：1） When he was at school he learned French and English．2） When he began tolearn Russia he was already in his fifties． 4．放課文錄音，學(xué)生跟讀一至兩遍。教師就課文內(nèi)容提問，檢查學(xué)生的理解程度（可參閱練習(xí)冊中所列出的問題） 5．教師用投影儀打出以下表格，學(xué)生利用課文中所提供的信息填寫有關(guān)馬克思刻苦學(xué)習(xí)外語的內(nèi)容。 Say something about how Karl Marx learned foreign languages using the informationfrom the reading passage： 學(xué)生先在小組內(nèi)交流并相互啟發(fā)、補(bǔ)充，然后請學(xué)生在班上交流。 6．布置作業(yè) 1）根據(jù)以上表格，準(zhǔn)備講馬克思刻苦學(xué)習(xí)外語的故事；2）完成練習(xí)冊中所安排的練習(xí)。 注：以下關(guān)于馬克思的背景資料僅供參考，教師決定是否將其壓縮并介紹給學(xué)生。 Karl Marx was born on May 5，1818 in Trier，a city in the west of Germany．He en－tered Bonn University in 1835 and went to Berlin University to continue his studies in 1837．In April 1841， he received his doctor’s degree and in October the next year he became the ed－itor of the Rheinische Zeitung published in Cologne，and there he began his attack on the oldsociety．Because of his revolutionary activities he was forced to leave his homeland．Hemoved to France and then to Belgium．In April 1848，he returned to Cologne with Engels tojoin the revolution directly．After the 1848 revolution failed，he was expelled from Ger－many．He went to Paris， but was soon forced to leave France．In August 1849，he went toLondon with his family and spent most of the rest of his life there． Marx became one of the leading spirits of the International Working Men’s Association（the first International） when it was first founded in September 1864． Together with Engles，Marx published the munist Manifesto in 1848．His most im－portant theoretical work was Capital．The first volume was published in 1867． Marx was not only a great leader but also a man of great talent for languages． He couldread all the leading European languages and write in three：German，F(xiàn)rench and English．Hesaid that a foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life． Marx died on March 14，1883 in London at the age of 65．After his death，Engels editedhis unpublished writings． 閱讀理解課（Ⅱ） Ⅰ．教具 錄音機(jī)，投影儀。 Ⅱ．課堂教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 1．通過提問，溫習(xí)第一部分課文內(nèi)容：1） In which country was Karl Marx born？2） Whywas he forced to leave his own country？3） Why did he start working hard at English？4） Whydid Engels write him a letter？5） When did he begin to learn Russian？6） Do you rememberthe advice he gave on how to learn a foreign language？ Please give an example． 2．請學(xué)生講馬克思刻苦學(xué)習(xí)外語的故事。 3．準(zhǔn)備閱讀More information about Karl Marx。教師給出讀前提問：1）When did he re－ceive his doctor’s degree？2） What book did he write together with Engels？ 教師給學(xué)生數(shù)分鐘，要求學(xué)生快速閱讀課文。之后請同學(xué)回答上述問題。 Key：1）He received his doctor’s degree in April，1841．2）He wrote The munistManifesto together with Angels． 4．給學(xué)生數(shù)分鐘做第83課所提供的Note making。根據(jù)兩篇課文所提供的信息和第課中的Note making，學(xué)生用自己組織的語言介紹卡爾馬克思。 補(bǔ)充提示（用投影片打出）：1）When and where was Karl Marx born？2）What was hisnative language？3） When did he receive his doctor’s degree？4） Did he begin writing articlesfor a newspaper or not？5） What did he write about in his articles？6） Why was he forced toleave his homeland when he was young？7） What countries did he go to and when did he getto England？8）When did he meet Engels and what did they write together？9） Was Marxgood at learning foreign languages or not？10）Can you give some examples to show howMarx learned foreign languages？ 數(shù)分鐘后，學(xué)生在班上交流。教師予以講評。 5．布置作業(yè)1）將兩課內(nèi)容結(jié)合，口頭描述馬克思；2）完成練習(xí)冊中所安排的練習(xí)。 （三）語言訓(xùn)練課 Ⅰ．教具 投影儀。 Ⅱ．課堂教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 1．教師檢查課文復(fù)述。 2．教師從本單元詞語中選擇部分常見詞語，配以例句介紹給學(xué)生。要求學(xué)生反復(fù)練習(xí)這些例句，并請同學(xué)造句，教師予以講評訂正。 詞語：of one’s own；e across；cut down；cut up；make progress；force；beforelong；move on；rapid；praise；encourage；keep on；tranalate...into...；close 例句：1）The students have opinions of their own．2）It’s not necessary for you to lookup in the dictionary every new word you e across while reading．3） Too many trees arebeing cut down in that area．4）They cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood．5）Theypractise speaking English whenever possible and so far have made much progress．6） The po－lice had to use force when they took him to the police station．7）I shall finish the work be－fore long．8）I knew Smith long before I knew you．9） After three weeks in Hong Kong， wemoved on to Japan．10） The school promised rapid results in the teaching of languages．11）Many people praised him for his success．12）The teacher encouraged him to try again．13）He kept on wiping his eyes with the back of his hands．14） Could you translate this sen－tence into Chinese？15） There is a bus stop close to the school． 3．根據(jù)本單元所提供的內(nèi)容，按照下面年代表，簡述馬克思的一生： 1） on May 5th， 1818____ 2）in April， 1841____ 3） in 1842____ 4）during the 1840’s____ 5） in 1849____ 6） in 1851____ 7） in 1853____ 8） by 1862____ 9） in the 1870’s____ 4．書面表達(dá)練習(xí) 專題描寫：改進(jìn)英語學(xué)習(xí) （教師可根據(jù)范文內(nèi)容，口頭為學(xué)生提供短文大意。） 英文提示（用投影片打出）：1）force oneself to do something；2）of one’s own；3）eacross；4） translate...into...；5） keep on doing something；6） before long；7） make rapidprogress；8）encourage 將首句給出：Yang Mei wanted to improve her English and asked her teacher for advice． 七、八分鐘后，請幾位同學(xué)朗讀自己的短文，教師予以講評。 Model： Yang Mei wanted to improve her English and asked her teacher for advice． The teachertold her that she should force herself to do a lot of reading and asked her whether she had agood English－Chinese dictionary of her own．Yang Mei said no and the teacher advised her tobuy one．Yang Mei did so and she chose to do some easy reading．When she came across anew word，she would try to guess its meaning first．If she failed，she would use her dictio－nary．Sometimes she tried to translate the stories into Chinese，but her teacher told her thatit was not mecessary．Yang Mei kipt on reading for some time．Before long，she made rapidprogress，So far，she has read over 150 short stories．She felt greatly encouraged and shehas decided to read an English novel in the original（原文）． 5．布置作業(yè)1）預(yù)習(xí)第22單元；2）完成練習(xí)冊中安排的練習(xí)。 四、難句分析 1．How are you getting on with your English lessons？你的英語學(xué)得怎樣？ How are yon getting on（with your work／ studies／business，etc．）？是一個(gè)常用的交際用語，用來詢問對方的生活、工作、學(xué)習(xí)、生意等的情況。如果詢問生活情況或健康狀況，只要用 How are you getting on？（你生活過得怎么樣？）如果詢問工作、學(xué)習(xí)的進(jìn)展情況，則在這個(gè)問句后加上介詞with／in的短語。問句中的謂語動詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如： How are you getting on in your new job？你的新工作怎么樣？ How are you getting on with your studies？你學(xué)習(xí)得怎樣？ 對于這類問題可以據(jù)實(shí)回答，如It’s getting on well／ nicely／ badly...（或 I’m getting onwell／ nicely／ badly with...）但是在回答后要說聲“Thank you”表示感謝別人的關(guān)懷。 get on還有其他許多用法。請看以下例句： She got on her bicycle and rode off．她騎上車子走了。（上車、船等） You can’t get on without money in this world．沒有錢在這世上可沒法過。（過日子、生活） We got on together like old friends．我們相處得像老朋友似的。（相處得好） It’s getting on． We’d better go home．天太晚了，我們得走了。（時(shí)間）晚了 2．My grammar is improving， but I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn．我的語法有提高，但我覺得習(xí)慣用語和有用的短語很難學(xué)。 find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“發(fā)覺”解時(shí)，常跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（即賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語）。本句中的賓語是 idioms and useful expressions，賓語補(bǔ)足語是hard to learn，常用形容詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)語（如本句的hard）。 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中還可有名詞、分詞、介詞短語等。例如： You’ll find it a difficult book．你會感覺這是一本很難懂的書。（名詞） We found the lesson boring．我們覺得這堂課令人厭煩。（現(xiàn)在分詞） He found the door closed．他發(fā)現(xiàn)門關(guān)上了。（過去分詞） They found him already in the hands of a doctor．他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他已經(jīng)在醫(yī)生的看護(hù)下。（介詞短語） 3．A man was walking through a wood and he came across a woodcutter．他走過樹林，偶然遇到一位樵夫。 e across的意思是“碰到”。例如： I’ve just e across a beautiful poem in this book．我在這本書中發(fā)現(xiàn)一首優(yōu)美的詩。 I came across Peter in the street the other day．那天我在街上碰巧遇到了彼得。 e across還有：“講得清楚明白”的意思。例如： The professor spoke for a long time but I’m afraid his meaning did not e across．那教授講了半天，但我想他沒把意思講明白。 4．He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English foran American newspaper．他進(jìn)步得非常快，不久他就開始用英文給一家報(bào)紙寫文章了。 such...that作“如此……以至”解，連接一個(gè)表示結(jié)束的狀語從句。such是形容詞，它所修飾的名詞可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需要加不定冠詞a或an。因此such...that的句型可分為以下三種： A．such+a（n）（adj．）+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that clause He was such an honest boy that he was praised by the teacher．他非常誠實(shí)，因而受到老師贊揚(yáng)。 Jimmy made such a noise that his fther got very angry．吉米大吵大鬧，致使他父親大發(fā)雷霆。 B．such（+adj．）+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that clause He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling．他胳膊很長，幾乎能碰到天花板。 They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more．這些書非常有趣，我想再讀一遍。 C．such（+adj．）+不可數(shù)名詞+that clause He made such progress that he did well in the mid－term exam．他進(jìn)步很快，期中考試取得了很好的成績。 The firefighter showed such great courage that he was highly praised by the govern－ment．這位消防隊(duì)員表現(xiàn)出極大的勇氣，因此受到了政府的高度贊揚(yáng)。 5．In fact，his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letterand praised him for it．事實(shí)上，那些文章中有一篇他的英文寫得很好，恩格斯為此曾寫信贊揚(yáng)他。 so...that也作“如此……以至”解，連接一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的狀語從句。so...that與such…that的意思和句法作用相同，但是因?yàn)閟o（adv．）和such（adj．）的詞類不同，所以so...that和 such...that的句子結(jié)構(gòu)也不同。試比較： so+adj．／adv．+that clause（so后跟形容詞或副詞） such（a／an）+n．+that clause（such后跟名詞） It was so cold that we did not want to go out．It was such a cold day that we did notwant to go out．天太冷了，我們都不想出去。 The play was so interesting that I went to see it several times．／This was such an in－teresting play that I went to see it several times．這個(gè)話劇十分有趣，所以我去看過好幾次。 6．However，he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things：thegrammar and some of the idioms．不過，他接著說明，在語法和某些習(xí)慣用語方面他還是不太有把握。 be sure about／of的意思是“確信”、“有把握”，后跟名詞、代詞，表示某人對客觀事物有肯定的認(rèn)識和判斷。例如： I am sure of his success．我確信他會成功。 He lives in this building but I’m not sure about the room number．他住在這棟樓里，但是房間號碼我不太清楚。 be sure后除了跟 about／ of介詞短語外，還可以跟 that／whether／where等引起的從句，表示某人“確信／肯定”某事的意思。例如： I am sure（that）I can run faster then you．我確信我比你跑得快。 I’m not sure where I left my notebook．我不能確定我把筆記本丟在什么地方了。 此外，be sure to do與 be sure of doing在意思上有區(qū)別。 be sure to do表示：肯定要做……；be sure of doing表示：（某人）感覺肯定要做，……（但事實(shí)未必如此）。例如： Manchester are sure to win；the other team haven’t got a chance．曼徹斯特隊(duì)肯定要贏，另一個(gè)隊(duì)連一點(diǎn)希望都沒有。 When the game started Jack was quite sure of winning．But after 15 minutes he began tolose confidence．比賽開始時(shí)杰克感覺肯定要贏。但過了15分鐘后，他開始失去信心了。 7．In the years that followed， Marx kept on studying English and using it．在隨后的幾年中，馬克思繼續(xù)不斷地學(xué)習(xí)和使用英語。 keep on doing sth．的意思是“繼續(xù)做某事”（=continue／ go on doing sth．）例如： Although it started raining，we kept on working．盡管下起雨來了，我們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)干活。 He kept on talking and laughing when the teacher came into the room．老師走進(jìn)教室后，他還在說說笑笑。 本課所學(xué)的 keep on doing sth．和以前學(xué)的 keep doing sth．在意思和用法上都相同，都含有“重復(fù)和繼續(xù)”的意思，?？梢酝ㄓ?，但相對而言， keep on doing sth．在語氣上較強(qiáng)一些，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的不斷反復(fù)。例如： I have learned about 1000 words，but I keep（on） forgetting some of them．我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了大約1000個(gè)單詞，可是有些我老是記不住。 Why do they keep（on） laughing all the time？他們?yōu)槭裁蠢鲜切€(gè)不停？ 在表示“連續(xù)不斷的動作或持續(xù)狀態(tài)”時(shí)，常用keep doing sth．；而在強(qiáng)調(diào)“繼續(xù)干某事”（盡管動作是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的）時(shí)，常用 keep on doing sth．，例如： You should not keep thinking about it．你不應(yīng)該老想著這件事。 He didn’t lose hope，and kept on trying．他沒有灰心，而是繼續(xù)努力地干。