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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit15 Learning 語法講座 虛擬語氣(Ⅰ) 北師大版必修5 Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．If I had time, I would_attend (attend) the meeting. 2．If you had_taken (take) my advice, you would not have failed in the exams. 3．If it were_to_rain (be, rain) tomorrow, we would put off the meeting. 4．If Tom had studied hard before, he would_be (be) a college now. 5．He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would_have_known (know) about it. 6．Had you e (e) earlier, you would catch the first bus. 7．If he had_not_been (not be) ill, he would done something to help us. 8．If I were (be) a bird, I would fly in the sky. Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(xx陜西高考)If we________ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A．take B．had taken C．took D．have taken 解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：要是我們走了那條路的話，我們能及時(shí)到達(dá)這里趕上會(huì)議。所填詞作虛擬語氣中條件狀語從句的謂語，根據(jù)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式might have arrived可知是與過去事實(shí)相反，故所填部分用“had＋過去分詞”形式，選B。 答案：B 2．— Did you make it at last? — Yes.But for your help, it ________ a serious loss. A．would cause B．must have caused C．would have caused D．may cause 解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：“你們最后成功了嗎？”“成功了，要不是你的幫助，我們的損失就大了”。but for ...“要不是……”，此處引起一個(gè)含蓄的條件，從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)含蓄虛擬條件句。 答案：C 3．If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, we ________ there by now. A．would be B．a(chǎn)re C．have been D．had been 解析：句意：如果不是你穿衣服花了那么長時(shí)間的話，我們現(xiàn)在就到那里了。本題為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，從句用了與過去相反的虛擬語氣，但主句與現(xiàn)在情況相反，故選A項(xiàng)。 答案：A 4．— Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late yesterday. — Dont mention it. A．should be B．would be C．will have been D．would have been 解析：考查虛擬語氣。從語境可知說話人是在談?wù)撟蛱斓氖?，因此要使用would＋have done。第一句句意：謝謝你提醒我時(shí)間，不然昨天我就遲到了。 答案：D 5．(xx安徽高考)Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he ________. A．was busy B．is busy C．had been busy D．will be busy 解析：考查虛擬語氣與時(shí)態(tài)。句意：Bob昨天會(huì)幫助我們的， 但他太忙了。前句表示對(duì)過去的虛擬，而but之后表示過去的客觀事實(shí)，故用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，所以選A。 答案：A 6．If he ________ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A．followed B．should follow C．had followed D．would follow 解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：要是他接受了我的忠告的話，他就不會(huì)失去了工作。根據(jù)“wouldnt have lost”可判斷if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，故選C項(xiàng)。 答案：C 7．________， he would have been fired. A．Had he lied to the boss B．Did he lie to the boss C．If he has lied to the boss D．If he lies to the bass 解析：句意：如果他對(duì)老板撒了謊，他會(huì)被開除的。由主句的would have been ...判斷，從句表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，謂語應(yīng)用had done形式，條件從句省略if，應(yīng)把had提到句首形成倒裝。 答案：A 8．This printer is of good quality. If it ________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A．would B．should C．could D．might 解析：句意：這種打印機(jī)質(zhì)量優(yōu)良。如果它在第一年中出了毛病，我們將無償維修。這是在條件句中對(duì)將來情況的虛擬，用should＋動(dòng)詞原形。 答案：B 9．But for their help, we ________ the program in time. A．can not finish B．will not finish C．had not finished D．could not have finished 解析：考查虛擬語氣。but for相當(dāng)于without，可以用if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句替換。由句意可知，這里表達(dá)的是與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，所以用could not＋have done，表示“過去不可能做了某事”。 答案：D 10．________ anyone call, please tell him Im not free. A．Must B．Can C．May D．Should 解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。句意：如果有人給我打電話，就告訴他我很忙。第一個(gè)分句是省略了if的虛擬條件句，補(bǔ)充完整為：If anyone should call，please tell him Im not free.當(dāng)if 省略時(shí)，句子要倒裝，故D項(xiàng)正確。 答案：D