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2019-2020年高中英語 復(fù)合句英語句子一般結(jié)構(gòu) 名詞性從句教案 新人教版選修8 1）主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語(+補(bǔ)語+狀語) 2）主語+系動詞+表語 3）主語+謂語（vi.） 賓語和表語有什么不同?一個名詞跟在及物動詞后是賓語,跟在系動詞后是表語. 主題：名詞性從句：名詞性從句是由連接詞whether, if,that和各種疑問代詞或副詞what,who,which,where, when,how, why等充當(dāng)連接詞所引導(dǎo)的從句, 其功能同名詞一樣。包括賓從，表從，主從和同位語從句。 四種從句的共性: 1.引導(dǎo)詞基本一樣,,如that , whether, when ,where, how. 但as if引導(dǎo)的是表語從句. 2.陳述句語序. 3.疑問代詞,疑問副詞保留自身的疑問含義,如疑問代詞who在賓語從句中仍譯為是誰,疑問副詞where譯為哪里. 4.which表示選擇,that無意義 5. what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that在句子中只起連接作用。例如： (1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) That she is still alive is a puzzle. 練習(xí)：用That/What填空： 1.____ she is to visit the lonely island surprises us. 2.____ she is to do next week surprises us. 一．賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句, 通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。 如：I don’t remember when we arrived. 賓語從句特點： 1．有引導(dǎo)詞that ，whether, if, who, whose, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why . 在賓語從句中的that可以省略，第2次出現(xiàn)就不能省。如： He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 2.在及物動詞或介詞之后。 3．陳述句語序.如:The photographs will show you what our village looks like. 4．引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別。 what引導(dǎo)賓語從句在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that在句子中只起連接作用,無意義。例如： (1) I know that he will e. (2) I don’t know what he will choose. 5.whether與if同用, 但介詞后用whether. It all depends (on) whether they will support us. Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . 二.表語從句 在從句中作表語的從句稱作表語從句。 表語從句特點： 1．有引導(dǎo)詞that ，whether, as if, who, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why . 在表語從句中的that不能省。 2.放在系動詞之后, 表示狀態(tài)持續(xù)，變化的系動詞有be, stay, keep, remain, get, bee, seem,go, 感官動詞也屬系動詞如look, sound, taste, smell, feel.等. 3．陳述句語序. 4．引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別。 what引導(dǎo)表語從句在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that在句子中只起連接作用, 5.表語從句可用whether引導(dǎo),不用if. 6. 有用結(jié)構(gòu)： 1）This/That/It is because… 2）The reason… is that… 練一練：1）．He was late for school. That was ______he got up late 2）．The reason why he was late for school is ____he got up late. 3）. China isn’t ____ she used to be 4）. The question is _____ you didn’t do that in time. because ，that ，what ，that 三.主語從句 在從句中作主語的從句稱作主語從句。 主語從句特點： 1．有引導(dǎo)詞that ，whether, who, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why . 一般情況下主語從句中的that不省略. 2.為了避免頭重腳輕,往往用it代替主語從句,放在句首,如 ★ It is + 名詞/形容詞/過去分詞+ 主語從句 （有用句型:） It is reported/said/still a question/ that … (P306) 如: It is still a question whether she will e or not. It is strange that you should like him. It is said / reported that he is the winner. 3．陳述句語序. 4．引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別。 what引導(dǎo)主語從句在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that在句子中只起連接作用 5. whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句可以放在句首, if不能. 6.注意： ★ whoever(凡是…的人)引導(dǎo)主從和狀從, who(誰) 引導(dǎo)主從 ★ no matter who(無論是誰)只引導(dǎo)狀從(=whoever) 1）.____ will go es here at 7. 2）____ will go isn’t known. 3）.____breaks the law must be punished. 4）.____breaks the law, he must be punished. 5）.It ______ that what you said is not so reasonable.( 必須指出) must be pointed out 6）. It _____ that Bush is elected President. 結(jié)果是 turned out 7）.It _____ whether Tom or Mary teaches us English. (無區(qū)別) makes no difference 1.Whoever; 2.Who; 3.whoever; 4.whoever/No matter who 四.同位語從句 一般放在名詞 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, report, hope, belief 等之后,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞. 如：The news that our team has won the match is true. 如:1.The thought that we might succeed excited us. 2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. 3.They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms. 同位語從句特點： 1．連接詞that雖在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,但不省略. 2．先行詞通常是一些具有一定內(nèi)容含義的概括性名詞如:conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, word(news), opinion, problem, promise, reason, truth, 等. 3．that 無實際意義,which表選擇 Word came ___ our army defeated the enemy. 4. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句. I have no idea where he has gone./ I have no idea when he did it./I have no idea what he did. 5. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別： a.同位語從句與定語 從句的相似之處 1）、兩種從句都可以譯成定語 The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位語從句）我們隊取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定語從句）你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。 2）、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo) The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位語從句）學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實用的東西的建議值得考慮。 The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定語從句）值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實用的東西。 b、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處 1）、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的名詞。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging.（從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。） 2）、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。 e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當(dāng)任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。） 注：名詞性從句中的whether與if 的總結(jié)： ① 關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情況如下： A) 在表語從句和同位語從句中。如：The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown. B) 在主語從句中，只有用it 作形式主語時, whether和if 都能引導(dǎo)主語從句, 否則, 也只能用whether。如: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. It hasn’t been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting. C) 在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省略) 如:It all depends (on) whether they will support us. D) 后面直接跟動詞不定式時。如： He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. E) 后面緊接or not 時。如：We didn’t know whether or not she was ready. ② 關(guān)聯(lián)詞if, whether均可使用的情況如下： A) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如：I wonder if (whether) the news is true or not. B) 在 “be+形容詞” 之后。如：He was not sure whether (if) it is right or wrong. ★ 免歧義時: 表是否就用Whether表如果則用if I don’t care about _____ Tom used to be a prisoner. whether 鞏固練習(xí)： 1.They expressed the hope ___they would e over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 2.The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what 3.I have no idea ____he will e back. A. where B. when C. what D. that 4.The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that 6.Word has e ___ some American guests will e for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. whether c. that D. which 7.The photographs will show you ____ ．（MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 8.He asked____for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 9.The question is ____the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 10.They received orders _____ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 11.The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 12. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because 13. ____ his dream of going to college will e true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 14. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that 15. I have the information ____. A. of what he’ll e soon B. that he’ll e soon C. of that he’ll e soon D. his ing soon 16. --- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. --- ____ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break 17.It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what 18.--- Can I help you? --- Yes, do you know ____? A. when es the bus B. when will e the bus C. when does the bus e D. when the bus es 19. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if 20. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what 21. That is ____ paper came into use in China. A. how B. that C. what D. which 22. They have no idea at all ____. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place had he gone D. where has he gone 23. His suggestion ____ to see the exhibition interested everyone of us. A. that we go B. which we should go C. that we would go D. when we should go 24. I’ve got to make ____ he told a lie. A. that clear B. it clear that C. quite clear D. this clear that 25. Word came ____his poem won the first prize. A. that B. whether C. as D. because 翻譯： 1 )他說的話打動了我。 (subject Clause) 2)事實是我從未到過那兒。(Appositive Clause) 3)顯而易見，英語很重要。(Subject Clause) 4)問題是我們下一步該怎么辦。(Predicative Clause) 5)瑪麗認(rèn)為他會幫助她。(Object Clause) 6)人們認(rèn)為運動會會按計劃舉行。 (Subject Clause) 1-8 BABAC CBD 9-20CDCAB DBAAD DA 21-25 AA ABA What he said moved me． The fact is that I have never been there It is clear that English is very important. The problem is what we should do next． Mary thinks that he will help her. It is believed that the sports meet will be held as planned．