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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit24 Society單詞.典句.考點(diǎn) 北師大版選修6 1. voluntary adj. 自愿的 巧記提示：volunt(自愿)+-ary(形容詞后綴) 經(jīng)典例句：The doctor was voluntary to settle down in the poor village. 這個(gè)醫(yī)生志愿到這個(gè)窮村莊落戶。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同根詞: voluntarily adv. 自動地;volunteer n. 志愿者, adj. 志愿的, v. 自愿 2)voluntary adj. 自愿的, 無償?shù)?。? She is a voluntary worker at the hospital. 她在這家醫(yī)院義務(wù)服務(wù)。 He made a voluntary statement to the police. 他自動向警方陳述。 3)volunteer 常與to連用, 表示自愿去做, 主動請求去做。 Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to work for the Olympic Games. 與此同時(shí), 許多大學(xué)生自愿為奧運(yùn)會服務(wù)。 活學(xué)活用：單詞拼寫 1)We all v______ to paint the house. 2)She is v______ to teach English in the village school. 答案:1)volunteered　2)voluntary 2. deposit vt. &vi. 存儲, 儲蓄 經(jīng)典例句：She deposited her money in the bank for her old age. 她把錢存在銀行里預(yù)備防老。 The little girl has deposited 100 English songs in her MP4. 那個(gè)小女孩在她的MP4里存儲了100首英語歌曲。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同根詞:depositary n. 保管人, 儲藏所;deposition n. 沉積作用 2)同義詞:store vt. 貯藏, 存儲 3)deposit 還可意為“放置, 寄存”。如: You can deposit your bags at the counter while you are wandering around the city. 當(dāng)你在城區(qū)閑逛的時(shí)候, 可將包存放在柜臺處。 4)deposit 作名詞時(shí)意為“保證金;押金”。 You must pay a deposit if you want to reserve the room. 你要預(yù)訂房間, 就得先付訂金。 活學(xué)活用：漢譯英 盡管銀行提息, 一些市民還是不把錢存在銀行里。 ________________________________ 答案:Some citizens won’t deposit the money in a bank though the interest in the bank has been raised. 3. govern vt. 統(tǒng)治, 治理 經(jīng)典例句：Who really governs this country? 誰真正統(tǒng)治著這個(gè)國家? The need for money governs his behavior. 對金錢的需求支配著他的行為。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同根詞: governable adj. 可統(tǒng)治的;governance n. 統(tǒng)治, 管理;government n. 政府 2)同義詞:control vt. 控制, 支配 3)govern常接表示人或國家的名詞作賓語。如: They are trying best to govern their country better. 他們努力地把國家治理得更好。 4)govern 作“控制”講時(shí), 常接temper等名詞作賓語。如: You should govern your temper. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)控制你的脾氣。 5)相關(guān)短語: a governing principle 指導(dǎo)原則 govern a machine管理機(jī)器 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 The Chinese munist Party is ______ the country well. A. summing B. adopting C. claiming D. governing 答案:D 4. accumulate v. 積累 經(jīng)典例句：She is good at accumulating new phrases in her English studies. 她在英語學(xué)習(xí)方面, 善于積累新詞組。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同根詞:accumulation n. 積累 2)同義詞:pile積累;store up累積 3)accumulate常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如: They set to work accumulating a huge mass of data. 他們開始積累大量的資料。 By buying ten books every month, he soon accumulated a good library. 他每月買十本書, 不久便積累成一個(gè)豐富的藏書庫。 4)相關(guān)短語: accumulate funds積累資金 accumulate knowledge積累知識 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 Dust will quickly ______if we don’t sweep our room often. A. accumulates B. accumulate C. to accumulate D. accumulating 答案:B 5. vacant adj. 未住人的, 空置的 經(jīng)典例句：When Professor Yu was making a speech, the hall was never vacant, even the dustmen listening there, as well. 于教授在作報(bào)告時(shí), 大廳里從來沒有空缺過, 甚至清潔工人也來聽。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同根詞: vacancy n. 空白, 空缺;vacantly adv. 空虛地;茫然若失地;vacate v. 騰出, 退位;vacation n. 假期, (房屋等的)騰出 2)近義詞:empty adj. 空的, 空洞的 3)vacant 作形容詞可引申為“職位空缺的”“空閑的, 清閑的”“心靈空虛的, 神情茫然的, 心不在焉的”。如: That position remains vacant because no one is fit for it. 那個(gè)職位仍舊空著, 因?yàn)闆]有人適合。 That will leave plenty of hours vacant. 那樣的話就有許多空閑時(shí)間了。 When he was asked to answer the question, there was a vacant expression on his face. 當(dāng)被要求回答問題時(shí), 他臉上一副茫然的表情。 4)辨析vacant和empty： vacant 指位置無人占用。 empty 指沒有人或物在其中。 5)相關(guān)短語： a vacant room空房 a vacant position空位 a vacant expression茫然的表情 a vacant life空閑的生活 活學(xué)活用：單詞拼寫 A v______ apartment in New York City is very difficult to find. 答案:vacant 6. diverse adj. 各式各樣的 經(jīng)典例句：John and his brother have diverse interests. 約翰和他兄弟的興趣迥然不同。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同根詞: diversely adv. 不同地, 各式各樣地;diversify v. 使多樣化;diversity n. 差異, 多樣性 2)同義詞:various adj. 不同的, 各種各樣的 3)diverse 修飾人或物。如: There are diverse colors to choose from. 有各種各樣的顏色可供選擇。 There are diverse ways of getting to the station. 從這兒去車站有各種不同走法。 4)常見短語: diverse views各種觀點(diǎn) diverse shapes不同的形狀 for diverse reasons因種種理由 diverse members各個(gè)成員 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 1)Art museums are places where people can learn about______ cultures. A. delicate B. miniature C. unnecessary D. diverse 2)The reasons for homelessness are ______, but poverty is undoubted one of the main causes. A. free B. diverse C. former D. productive 答案:1)D　2)B 7. resign vt. &vi. 辭職 巧記提示：re-(前綴, “后退, 回應(yīng)”)+sign (簽名) 經(jīng)典例句： The general resigned his mission because of his old age. 將軍因?yàn)榧o(jì)大了, 辭去了他的職務(wù)。 The simplest thing is for him to resign at once for what he has done. 因?yàn)樽约旱乃魉鶠? 最簡單的做法就是他立即辭職。 考點(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞: resignation n. 辭職, 辭職書;resigned adj. 順從的;resignedly adv. 服從地 2)同義詞:retire vi. 退休, 引退 3)resign 常與from連用。如: The young man couldn’t stand his boss’ temper and resigned from his job. 這位輕人忍受不了老板的脾氣, 因此辭職了。 4)resign 作“聽從, 順從, 甘心于”講時(shí), 常與to連用, not resign oneself to “不甘心”。如: We should never resign ourselves to being defeated. 我們將永遠(yuǎn)不甘心于失敗。 5)resign 作“把……托交給, 委托”講時(shí), 和介詞to/into連用, resign...to...“把……托付給……”。如: She resigned her children to the care of her sister. 她把孩子交給她妹妹照管。 6)相關(guān)短語: resign oneself to使聽從于 resign oneself to extinction束手待斃 resign one’s position 辭去職務(wù) resign office辭職 resign oneself to one’s fate聽天由命 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 1)The mayor had______ from his position for his absence off the accident. A. to resign B. to carve C. to allocate D. to flee 2)Having been teaching for 30 years, Mr. Zhang decided ______on the following Teachers’ Day. A. retired　 B. to retire C. retiring D. retire 答案:1)A　2)B 8. elect vt. 選舉, 推選 巧記提示：elect（選舉)→select(挑選) 經(jīng)典例句：The government is made up of men and women elected by the people of the country. 政府是由這個(gè)國家的人民選出的人員組成的。 Mr. Zhang was elected as the sixth headmaster last month. 張老師上個(gè)月被選為第六任校長。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同根詞:electee n. 當(dāng)選者, 當(dāng)選人;election n. 選舉, 當(dāng)選；elective adj. 選任的, 有選舉權(quán)的 2)同義詞:vote for 投票贊成 3)elect vt. 選舉, 推選 All the students elected Li Hua as their monitor for his ability. 所有的學(xué)生因?yàn)槔钊A的能力而推選他當(dāng)班長。 4)elect vt. 作出選擇, 決定 He elected to bee a doctor. 他決定當(dāng)醫(yī)生。 She elected to return to work after her baby was born. 她決定孩子出生后再去作工作。 5)辨析elect, choose, select, pick和prefer： elect選舉。 choose系常用詞，指“一般的選擇”，側(cè)重“憑個(gè)人意志或判斷進(jìn)行選擇”。 select強(qiáng)調(diào)“在廣泛的范圍內(nèi)精選、淘汰”，側(cè)重“以客觀為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行選擇”。 pick強(qiáng)調(diào)“從個(gè)人角度在眾多中進(jìn)行挑選”，有時(shí)含有“任意選擇”的意思。 prefer指“偏愛、更喜歡”，有時(shí)“只表示自己的看法，不一定加以選擇”。 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 ______to the House（議院)a person must be twenty-five years old and must have been a United States citizen for seven years. A. Elected B. Electing C. To be elected D. To elect 答案:C 9. fragrant adj. 有香味的 經(jīng)典例句：The air in the garden was warm and fragrant. 花園里的空氣又溫暖又芬芳。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同根詞:fragrance n. 香氣, 香味;fragrantly adv. 芬芳地 2)fragrant adj. 有香味的。如: When spring es, the air smells fragrant in our school. 春天來的時(shí)候, 校園里香味撲鼻。 3)fragrant adj. 芳香的, 美好的。如: The old picture reminds me of fragrant memories as a child in my hometown. 這張舊照片勾起了我對小時(shí)候在家鄉(xiāng)的甜蜜回憶。 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 The students benefit from the______ smell the trees and flowers send out. A. great B. fragrant C. negative　 D. mountainous 答案:B 10. undertake vt. 著手做, 從事 巧記提示：under（在……底下)＋take（承擔(dān)) 經(jīng)典例句：They undertook planting trees in the desert. 他們著手在沙漠里種樹。 Since he graduated from the college, he has been undertaking experiments and calculations. 自從大學(xué)畢業(yè)后, 他一直在從事實(shí)驗(yàn)和計(jì)算（工作）。 考點(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:undertaker n. 承辦者, 承擔(dān)者;undertaking n. 事業(yè), 企業(yè) 2)同義詞:take on 承擔(dān);著手做 3)undertake 作“著手做, 從事”講時(shí), 常接表示重要事物的名詞作賓語。如: We had a trip to the west to undertake an experiment about the nuclear. 我們到西部作了一次旅行在進(jìn)行一次核試驗(yàn)。 4)undertake 還可意為“承擔(dān)，接受”。如： The work was undertaken by members of the mittee. 此項(xiàng)工作由委員會成員承擔(dān)。 5)undertake 意為“保證, 斷言, 答應(yīng)”時(shí), 常接不定式或從句作賓語。如: I can’t undertake that you will make a profit. 我不能擔(dān)保你會獲利。 He undertook to be here at five. 他答應(yīng)五點(diǎn)鐘到這里來。 6)相關(guān)短語: undertake a task開始進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)任務(wù) undertake a post擔(dān)任一個(gè)職位 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 I undertook ______the children English. A. taught B. teach C. teaching　 D. to teach 答案:D 11. squeeze vt. 擠 經(jīng)典例句：He squeezed the tube hard and the last bit of toothpaste came out. 他使勁擠牙膏管, 擠出了最后一點(diǎn)牙膏。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)派生詞:squeezability n. 威嚇, 壓迫, squeezable adj. 可壓擠的, 可逼迫的 2)squeeze out of/from榨出, 擠出;勒索, 強(qiáng)取。如: She squeezed some juice from a lemon. 她從一只檸檬中擠出了一些汁。 That guy squeezed money out of his old mother. 那家伙勒索老母親的錢財(cái)。 3)常見短語: at a squeeze 在危急中 be in a tight squeeze 陷入困境 give sb. a squeeze of the hand緊握某人的手 put the squeeze on sb. 對某人施加壓力 squeeze into 使擠進(jìn) 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 After the water is ______, the ball-shaped pieces are put under the sun to dry before they can be used as a firewood. A. boiled down B. fired up C. kicked off D. squeezed out 答案:D 12. abolish vt. 廢除 經(jīng)典例句：These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible. 這些迷信做法應(yīng)盡早取消。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同根詞:abolishment n. 廢止, 革除;abolitionism n. 廢除主義;abolisher n. 廢除者 2)反義詞:establish vt. 建立, 設(shè)立 3)abolish 指“消除長期存在的風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣等”。如: Bad customs and laws ought to be abolished. 不良的習(xí)俗和法規(guī)應(yīng)予以廢除。 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 All the unequal treaties were pletely ______ after the war. A. to abolish B. abolished C. abolishing D. abolish 答案:B 13. furthermore adv. 此外, 而且 巧記提示：further(進(jìn)一步)＋more（更) 經(jīng)典例句：The house is too small, and furthermore, it’s too far from the office. 這座房子太小, 而且離辦公地點(diǎn)也太遠(yuǎn)。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同根詞:furthermost adj. 最遠(yuǎn)方的, 最遠(yuǎn)的;furthersome adj. 有利的 2)同義詞:besides adv. 此外;in addition此外;moreover而且 3)furthermore 作為過渡連接詞，表示增補(bǔ)，比較正式，語氣較強(qiáng)。如: —Would you like to go out for a walk? 你愿意出去散步嗎? —I don’t want to e out now, and furthermore, I must work. 我現(xiàn)在不想出去, 而且我還得工作。 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 It’s too late to go to the basketball match now, and______, it’s beginning to rain. A. beside B. as well as C. furthermore D. more 答案:C 14. consequently adv. 所以, 因此 巧記提示：consequent(adj. 作為結(jié)果的，隨之發(fā)生的）+-ly（副詞后綴） 經(jīng)典例句：Mr. Foster has never been to China. Consequently he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生從未去過中國, 所以對中國了解得很少。 考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1)同義詞:therefore, as a result 2)常見短語： be consequent on/upon因……而引起的;隨……而發(fā)生的。如: The confusion is consequent on the earthquake. 混亂是由地震引起的。 3)辨析consequently和so: consequently “因而, 所以”, 是副詞, 只能作狀語。如: We do not have enough money. Consequently we cannot afford to buy the new car. 我們的錢不夠, 因此買不成這輛新車。 so “因此”, 是并列連詞, 連接兩個(gè)并列的句子。如: I missed the train so I was late for work. 我沒有趕上火車, 結(jié)果上班遲到了。 活學(xué)活用：單項(xiàng)填空 After the ship hit the rock, the sailors tried to prevent the oil from spilling and______ it didn’t cause damage to sea life. A. as a result of B. so C. there D. consequently 答案:D