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2019年高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions課下作業(yè) 新人教版選修8 Ⅰ.情景默寫 1．The only way not to fall down into the valley is to seize (抓住)the big branch. 2．I have a set of stainless (不銹的)knives and forks. 3．The heroine plays an essentially passive (消極的)role in the drama. 4．To my joy，the quality of our new refrigerator is very stable (可靠的)． 5．One could hear them singing and dancing merrily (高興地)out in the street. 6．It was hard to distinguish (辨別)one twin from the other. 7．He ate a light lunch in expectation (期望)of a good dinner. 8．These notes should be carefully filed (歸檔)away for future reference. 9．When listening to the music，she tapped (輕敲)her fingers gently on the table. 10．The patient was afraid she wouldn’t be able to bear (忍受)the pain. 11．He gradually developed the petence (能力)to deal with the more difficult cases. 12．This new job is a further extension (延伸)of his role as a manager. 13．There were three people in the helicopter (直升飛機(jī))when it crashed. 14．The process is essentially dynamic (動(dòng)態(tài)的)with ideas and feedback flowing both ways. 15．The swimmer dived_into (跳入)the river to save the drowning child. 16．The government has set_out (開始)to make many needed reforms. 17．Sorry to hear that you’ve failed the exam.If only you had set_about (開始)doing some revision earlier. 18．Many memories of old times were called_up (使想起)by the conversation we had together that evening. 19．It’s the love and responsibility that have driven him to get_through (度過)many hardships and survive. 20．The engines of the ship were out_of_order (發(fā)生故障)and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea. Ⅱ.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 1．She was unable to make a positive identification (identify)of the suspect. 2．When he could stand it no longer，he rose abruptly (abrupt)to his feet. 3．He took measures to make up his fault，which received our recognition (recognize)． 4．When the ice is heated above freezing (freeze)point，it begins to change into a liquid state. 5．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical (practice)．I think it deserves to be discussed at the next meeting. 6．The merciless king showed no mercy and killed all the prisoners.(mercy) 7．If nobody can prove your innocence，how can you say you are innocent？(innocent) 8．He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution．You should get on with him cautiously．(cautious) 9．You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient，that is，at his convenience．His house is conveniently near the bus stop.(convenient) 10．In western countries，the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck，but actually there isn’t any association between them.(associate) 1．句型公式：so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 他的計(jì)劃如此實(shí)用以至于我們大家都同意接受它。 His plan was so_practical_that__we_all_agreed_to_accept_it． 2．句型公式：only＋狀語(yǔ) (從句)位于句首部分倒裝 只有當(dāng)他離開家時(shí)他才意識(shí)到他的家是多么的好。 Only when he was away from home did_he_realize how nice his home was. 3．句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陳述句 給我一次機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)給你一個(gè)驚喜。 Give_me_a_chance，and_I’ll_give you a pleasant surprise. 第一板塊 核心詞匯 1．bear vt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)；生育；結(jié)果實(shí) 高考必刷題練透 寫出下列句中bear的含義/完成句子 ①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair? 負(fù)擔(dān)；承擔(dān) ②He can’t bear being laughed at in public. 忍受 ③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday. 生育 ④Some of the newly－planted apple trees have also begun to bear. 結(jié)果實(shí) ⑤I can’t bear young_people_casting_away their youth. 我無法忍受年輕人虛擲青春。 ⑥Bear_in_mind_that success es from hard work. 記住成功來自于勤奮。 狀元筆記全記牢 (1)can’t bear doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事 can’t bear sb./sb.’s doing sth.不能忍受某人做某事 (2)bear a heavy burden肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān) bear responsibility/the blame承擔(dān)責(zé)任/受責(zé)備 (3)bear/keep sth.in mind 記住…… bear/keep in mind that...記住…… (4)unbearable adj.難以忍受的 2．seize vt.抓住；捉?。粖Z??；攻占 高考必刷題練透 單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①The rumours were eagerly seized upon/on by the local press. ②The engine suddenly seized up when we were working attentively. ③As a high school student，I will seize_every_chance_to_study_hard and prepare myself for the future.作為一名高中生，我將抓住所有的機(jī)會(huì)好好學(xué)習(xí)，為未來做好準(zhǔn)備。 狀元筆記全記牢 seize sb.by the collar/the arm抓住某人的衣領(lǐng)/胳膊 seize up (機(jī)器等)卡住，停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) grasp/seize a chance to do...抓住機(jī)會(huì)做…… seize on/upon利用，抓住 (可利用的事物) 3．a(chǎn)ssociate vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系　n．同伴，伙伴 高考必刷題練透 單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the theory of evolution. ②There are many serious health problems associated with smoking. →There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking. →There are many serious health problems in association with smoking. 狀元筆記全記牢 (1)associate...with...使……與……聯(lián)系起來；合伙 associate with sb.與某人交往/共事 be associated with與……有關(guān) (2)association n．聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會(huì)；團(tuán)體 in association with 與……聯(lián)合；與……有關(guān)聯(lián) 4．distinguish vt.& vi.顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別 高考必刷題練透 單句語(yǔ)法填空/句式升級(jí) ①It’s important for children to distinguish right from wrong. ②As far as I know，Ning Zetao has already distinguished himself (he)as a swimmer in the world. ③Elephants are_distinguished (distinguish)from other animals by their long noses. ④He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school. →Distinguished_for_his_knowledge_of_economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.(用過去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)) 狀元筆記全記牢 (1)distinguish...from...使……有別于…… distinguish oneself (as...) (作為……)表現(xiàn)突出 (2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for...因……而出名 be distinguished as...作為……而出名 5．set about開始，著手 (后接動(dòng)詞－ing形式)；出發(fā)；動(dòng)身 高考必刷題練透 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①That evening he set about writing (write)a report on pollution. ②On their arrival，they set out to_read (read)the English books they brought with themselves. ③If you want to catch that train，we’d better set off/out for the station immediately. 狀元筆記全記牢 set off出發(fā)，側(cè)重于去某個(gè)地方 set out出發(fā)，開始，側(cè)重于開始做某事，后加不定式 set about開始，著手，與set out意思相近，后加v.－ing形式 6．get through完成；通過；接通電話；度過 (時(shí)間)；用完 高考必刷題練透 寫出下列句子中g(shù)et through的含義 ①It’s going to be hard to get through the next couple of days. 度過 ②I’ve got through the driving test recently. 通過 ③I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’t get through. 打通電話 ④As soon as I get through with my work I’ll join you. 做完 ⑤How did you get through all that money in two days? 用完 狀元筆記全記牢 get along with與某人相處；進(jìn)展 get away with sth.攜某物潛逃；不因某事受懲罰 get down to (doing) sth.開始(做)某事；認(rèn)真處理某事 get over越過……；克服 (困難) 第二板塊 經(jīng)典句式 7．祈使句＋and＋陳述句 高考必刷題練透 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①Work hard，and you will succeed. →Working hard，you will succeed. →If you work hard，you will succeed. ②Work hard，or/otherwise you will fail in your exams. →If you don’t work hard，you’ll fail in your exams. →You will fail in your exams unless you work hard． ③If he takes one more step，the baby will fall into the well. →One more step，and the baby will fall into the well. 狀元筆記全記牢 (1)“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陳述句”為常見句型。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，and/or/otherwise之后的句子相當(dāng)于主句，所以用一般將來時(shí)。 (2)在該句型中，祈使句有時(shí)也可用名詞短語(yǔ)表示。 Ⅰ.課文語(yǔ)法填空 When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.on the phone，she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes 2.seemed (seem) to have made their home there.The writer felt proud and considered 3.it a chance for her to distinguish herself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.She set about 4.researching (research) the habits of snakes.She decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught.5.However，her first two plans were not successful.As 6.a result，she had to attempt a 7.third (three) time，which helped her fulfill her aim 8.successfully (success).9.Pressed (press) by her friends and relations，she decided to send her 10.invention (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea. Ⅱ.課文概要寫作 細(xì)讀本單元Reading部分，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的概要。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 【參考范文】 The girl’s mother was upset by some snakes in their courtyard.(要點(diǎn)1)To trap the snakes at home，the girl attempted three different ways.(要點(diǎn)2)Her first and second attempt failed，but she succeeded in trapping the snakes at her third attempt.(要點(diǎn)3)After her success，she decided to send her invention to the patent office for recognition.(要點(diǎn)4) Ⅲ.課文話題寫作 一、用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)補(bǔ)全短文 I was doing an experiment when Li Hua called_me_up (給我打電話)，telling me he wouldn’t e on time because of the traffic jam.After ringing_off (掛斷電話)，I set about working.Abruptly (abrupt)，the experiment was out_of_order (次序顛倒)．Then my teacher came in，and encouraged me to face challenges bravely.Meanwhile (however/meanwhile)，he suggested that I should associate_the experiment with_what_I_had_learned_in_class (把課堂上所學(xué)知識(shí)與實(shí)驗(yàn)聯(lián)系起來)．①His words encouraged me to dive_into_the_experiment (潛心做實(shí)驗(yàn))．Besides，his suggestion was practical (practice)．I did it carefully.Finally，I got_through (完成) with it successfully.②I was grateful to my teacher.③I’m determined to study hard to live_up_to_his_expectations (達(dá)到他的期望)． 二、按要求升級(jí)短文 1．用本單元的高級(jí)詞匯升級(jí)短文中的加黑詞匯 (1)set about working→set_out_to_work (2)carefully→cautiously/with_caution 2．用高級(jí)表達(dá)升級(jí)短文中的句子 (1)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型改寫句① It_was_his_words_that encouraged me to dive into the experiment. (2)用so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)連接句②、句③ I was so_grateful_to_my_teacher_that I’m determined to study hard to live up to his expectations. Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (xx金麗衢十二校聯(lián)考)Mike Godwin is an American lawyer and author who invented “Godwin’s Law” in 1990 when he made the following statement：As an online discussion grows longer，a parison involving Nazis or Hitler is very likely to be made. Godwin’s Law is applicable to online discussions in forums，chat rooms and on blogs.The term has earned a place in the Oxford English Dictionary：Godwin’s Law，noun.A facetious aphorism (有趣的格言) maintaining that as an online debate increases in length，it bees certain that someone will eventually pare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis. Although coined to describe an Internet phenomenon，the term is being applied to the use of “the Nazi card” in other contexts. A plaint by many forum users is that the so－called law is ending the discussion.One makes a Nazi parison and another cries，“You said Hitler，so I win！”At that point，the discussion ends.The term has created a verb “to Godwin”as in “You Godwined this discussion！” The mention of Godwin’s Law has e to be seen as a way to end an online discussion.Here is a plaint voiced by a forum user：It seems like Godwin’s Law is being a real problem for any sort of discussion on the internet.Whenever Hitler，or Nazis，is brought up in a discussion，the discussion is then over and the poster who mentioned the subject is laughed at.This would be a problem if people mention Godwin’s Law when the Hitler/Nazi mention is relevant to the topic at hand. 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文是說明文，介紹了高德溫法則的來歷及意義，并舉例對(duì)其進(jìn)行了說明。 1．What will certainly happen according to“Godwin’s Law”if the online discussion is lengthened? A．The debaters will maintain their justice. B．The debaters will mention Hitler or Nazis. C．The debaters will earn a place in the forum. D．The debaters will bee very sick and tired. 答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“as an online...it bees certain that someone will eventually pare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis”可知，如果在線討論的時(shí)間變長(zhǎng)，那么參加討論的人肯定會(huì)提到希特勒或者納粹分子，故選B。] 2．What does the underlined word“coined”in the third paragraph mean probably? A．Built. B．Adapted. C．Classified. D．Invented. 答案　D　[詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線詞所在句的主語(yǔ)為the term，指Godwin’s Law，雖然創(chuàng)造這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的目的是描述一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)象，但是現(xiàn)在它正在被用在其他地方。故畫線詞表示“創(chuàng)造(新詞語(yǔ))”，選D。] 3．What is the mention of “Godwin’s Law” viewed as in a discussion? A．A way of objection. B．A way of plaint. C．A way of ending it. D．A way of creating words. 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段中的“The mention of Godwin’s Law has e to be seen as a way to end an online discussion”可知選C。] B The Coolest Inventions An Oceans Vacuum There’s a collection of plastic trash in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.It’s bigger than Texas—and growing.The way to clean it up now is to catch it with nets.That is both costly and slow.Instead，the Ocean Cleanup Project proposes a 62－mile－long floating barrier that would use natural currents to trap trash.If next year’s trials succeed，a full cleanup operation would aim to start in xx.It could reduce the trash by 42% over 10 years. Easy－On Shoes In xx，Matthew Walzer，a high school student with a disability，sent a note to Nike.“My dream is to go to college，”he wrote，“without having to worry about someone ing to tie my shoes every day.”Nike assigned a design team to the challenge.This year，they came out with their solution: the FlyEase.The basketball shoe can be fastened with one hand.A pair of Nike FlyEase shoes sells for $130. An Airport for Drones (無人機(jī)) As Amazon，Google，and others get ready for drone delivery service，there is one big question: What kinds of home bases will their drones have? Rwanda，in Africa，may have the answer.There，workers will soon start work on three “drone ports.” The goal is to make it easier to transport food，medical supplies，electronics，and other goods through the hilly countryside.Construction is set to be pleted in xx. 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾項(xiàng)最新的發(fā)明。 4．What’s the advantage of the Oceans Vacuum? A．It can be a money－saver. B．It can grow year by year. C．It can tear plastic into pieces. D．It can be put into wide use soon. 答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段中說到傳統(tǒng)用網(wǎng)打撈塑料的方法既費(fèi)錢又慢，由此可知，借助自然的力量打撈塑料的方法要快捷省錢。] 5．What do we know about Nike? A．It offers free shoes to the disabled. B．It is designing new shoes frequently. C．It provides customer－friendly services. D．It responded to Matthew’s request passively. 答案　C　[推理判斷題。Matthew Walzer身患?xì)埣?，系鞋帶不方便，給耐克公司寄去信件后，耐克公司積極回應(yīng)并設(shè)計(jì)出了一款可以單手系的鞋帶，由此可以推斷耐克公司以客戶需求為中心。] 6．Why is Rwanda setting up “drone ports”？ A．Because road travel there is rough. B．Because there are too many drones. C．Because they’re easier to construct than roads. D．Because they are receptive to new technology. 答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可知，因?yàn)殛懧愤\(yùn)輸不便，盧旺達(dá)決定建無人機(jī)機(jī)場(chǎng)。] Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (xx嘉興市高三第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))We know that choosing a college major can be extremely hard._1_ However，it is a challenge to pick one when it feels as if the rest of your adult life is riding on that choice.It is a big mitment，but it’s not a life sentence.Many graduates pursue careers that aren’t directly related to their college majors，or change careers after several years.You may choose to base your decision on any of these factors： Dream job _2_ Maybe you already know that you want to be a nurse，a day trader，a physician，or a web developer.Before you declare，take a class or two in the relevant discipline，talk to students in the department of your choice. Great ambition According to PayScale，the majors that lead to the highest salaries include just about any type of engineering，actuarial mathematics，puter science，physics，statistics，government and economics.Keep your quality of life in mind，too._3_ _4_ Some students choose a major simply because they love the subject matter.If you love what you’re studying，you’re more likely to fully engage with your classes and college experience._5_ If your calling is philosophy，don’t write it off just because you’re not sure about graduate school，or what the job market holds for philosophers. A．Love project. B．The academy of the School. C．Many schools offer hundreds of choices. D．Science is a specific subject that college students specialize in. E．That can mean better grades and great relationships with others in your field. F．That seven figure salary may not be worth it if you’re not happy at the office. G．Some students choose a major because it will prepare them for a specific career path or advanced study. 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文是議論文。短文主要論述了影響選擇大學(xué)主修科目的因素并給出了一些合理化的建議。 1．C　[由上一句的內(nèi)容及下文中“to pick one”這一關(guān)鍵詞可以推斷C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。] 2．G　[本段小標(biāo)題是Dream job，接下來列舉了nurse，day trader，physician和web developer等職業(yè)，這與G項(xiàng)中的special career相吻合。故答案選G。] 3．F　[前文提到工程學(xué)、應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)等高收入專業(yè)，the highest salaries與選項(xiàng)F中的seven figure salary相呼應(yīng)。因此答案為F。] 4．A　[聯(lián)系前面的兩個(gè)小標(biāo)題，可將答案鎖定在A、B之間。由于下文的論述中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)love一詞。故可知A項(xiàng)正確。] 5．E　[前文的意思是說，有些學(xué)生憑熱愛選擇自己的主修學(xué)科，這樣就極有可能會(huì)全身心地投入其中。這也就意味著他們會(huì)在這一領(lǐng)域取得更好的成績(jī)。E項(xiàng)內(nèi)容恰好與此相符。] Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 World Hello Day，which falls on November 21st，may sound extremely 1.____ (base)，as it encourages us to take the chance to greet people，and to recognize 2.____ important clear，honest munication is in our daily lives.The story of how it began，however，is a long and meaningful one. In the 1970s，the conflict 3.____Egypt and Israel was quite severe，4.____ (make) many people fear another huge war would break out.In 1973，World Hello Day was first created to show people，especially the people of the Middle East，that conflicts could and should be settled through munication，but not，5.____ (violent)． Since its creation，World Hello Day 6.____ (celebrate) in 180 countries.7.____ (citizen) of each of these countries take advantage of this time 8.____ (express) their concerns for world peace. Anyone can participate in World Hello Day.You 9.____ (simple)have to say hello to at least 10 people during that one day.You are supposed to send a message of openness and goodwill to others，10.____the creators of the holiday hoped this small gesture alone could help settle disputes (爭(zhēng)論)and prevent conflicts. 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文介紹了世界問候日的由來和意義。 1．basic　[空格中所填單詞作系動(dòng)詞sound的表語(yǔ)，需用base的形容詞形式。] 2．how　[how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，意為“多么”。] 3．between　[conflict between A and B的意思是“A和B之間的沖突”。] 4．making　[make與邏輯主語(yǔ)the conflict之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞。] 5．violence　[空格中所填單詞在句中作介詞through的賓語(yǔ)，需用violent的名詞形式。] 6．has been celebrated　[主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞celebrate的承受者，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，再根據(jù)since可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。] 7．Citizens　[謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)的名詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，句首單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫。] 8．to express　[to express their concerns for world peace是不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。] 9．simply　[空格中所填單詞在句中修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故用simple的副詞形式。] 10．a(chǎn)nd　[空格前后兩句之間意義上是順承關(guān)系，故用and連接。]