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一,二,三,一、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義和用法 (一)can與could 1.表示能力,could主要指過(guò)去的能力,表示“過(guò)去有能力成功做成某事”時(shí)通常用was/were able to。 The little boy can speak two foreign languages. Could the girl read before she went to school? Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out. 2.表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上,并不涉及此事真的發(fā)生),常譯為“往往會(huì),有時(shí)候可能會(huì)”,常用于肯定句中。 Accidents can happen on rainy days. 3.表示請(qǐng)求和允許。在問(wèn)句中could比can語(yǔ)氣要委婉。 You can go back home now.,一,二,三,4.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中。 How can you be so careless? 5.表示推測(cè),常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。 He can’t be in the classroom;the light is not on. 6.cannot/never.too/enough.表示“再……也不為過(guò)”。 You can never be too careful when driving a car. 7.cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不,只好做某事”。 You cannot choose but go with me.,一,二,三,(二)shall 1.用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中,表示命令、許諾、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅、決心等;此外,頒布法律、規(guī)定時(shí)也用shall。 The new law shall come into effect next month. 2.用于第一、三人稱的疑問(wèn)句中,表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ街甘尽?Shall the man standing outside have a try?,一,二,三,(三)must 1.表示主觀上的“必須,應(yīng)該”,其否定形式mustn’t表示禁止。對(duì)比:have to表示客觀上的“不得不”,可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 You must listen carefully in class.Students mustn’t play with mobile phones in class. I had lost my key,so I had to wait outdoors. 2.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表達(dá)出說(shuō)話者的一種不滿情緒。 Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping? 3.表示對(duì)具體事情的推測(cè),意為“一定,肯定”,語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),只用于肯定句中。 He must come from America.,一,二,三,(四)should 1.表示義務(wù),常譯為“應(yīng)該”,用于各種人稱。 Parents should take care of their babies. 2.表示預(yù)測(cè)可能性,譯為“可能,(按道理)應(yīng)該”,多指對(duì)未來(lái)合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果的一種期盼。 It’s nearly 8 o’clock.He should be here at the moment. 3.表示驚訝、意外等,常譯為“竟然,居然”。 I am surprised that you should speak ill of me. 4.用在if條件句中,表示可能性很小的一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣,常譯為“如果”。 If I should see him,I would tell him the news.,一,二,三,(五)will與would 1.表示意愿,用于各種人稱的陳述句中。would常指過(guò)去的意愿。 If you will read the book,I’ll give it to you. 2.表示請(qǐng)求,用于疑問(wèn)句中。would語(yǔ)氣較委婉。 Will you close the window? 3.表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,常譯為“總是,慣于”。would 可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向,后面接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,不能接表示狀態(tài)的詞。對(duì)比:used to表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。 He would sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours.,一,二,三,(六)may與might 1.表示請(qǐng)求、允許、許可,might比may語(yǔ)氣委婉。 You may use my bike. 2.表示推測(cè),常用于陳述句中,語(yǔ)氣比較弱,把握性不大。might語(yǔ)氣比may還要弱。 He may go out. 3.may as well+動(dòng)詞原形,意為“最好,倒不如……”。 You may as well do it at once. 4.may well+動(dòng)詞原形,意為“完全能,很可能”。 Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize at first sight. 5.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。 May you return in safety.,一,二,三,(七)need與dare 1.二者都可以作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面要接動(dòng)詞原形,通常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。用作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),其變化和一般的動(dòng)詞相同,有人稱和數(shù)的變化,構(gòu)成否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do,does,did。dare用作行為動(dòng)詞,用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí),常省略后面的to。 You needn’t hurry;he needs to dress up. The little didn’t dare (to) go out at night alone. 2.need作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),若主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。 The house needs repairing.=The house needs to be repaired. 3.I dare say為習(xí)慣說(shuō)法,意為“我想,大概”。 I dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner.,一,二,三,二、考查“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”的用法 1.表示后怕、責(zé)備或遺憾,一,二,三,2.表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推斷,一,二,三,三、了解虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本知識(shí) 1.虛擬條件句,一,二,三,例如: We would go with you if we had time. 如果我們有時(shí)間,就和你一起去。 If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exams. 如果你早聽了我的建議,你考試就能通過(guò)了。 If it should rain this afternoon,the basketball match would be put off. 要是今天下午下雨,籃球比賽就延期舉行。,(1)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 在句子If you had worked hard yesterday,you would be tired now.(如果你昨天工作很辛苦的話,那你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)很疲勞。)中,主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致。 (2)如果虛擬條件句中含有were/had/should,有時(shí)可把if省略,將were/had/should提至主語(yǔ)之前,形成倒裝句;但否定形式的not不可提到主語(yǔ)前。,一,二,三,2.含蓄條件句 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示,而是由otherwise,but,or,without等介詞或副詞來(lái)表示虛擬條件。有時(shí)亦可用分詞短語(yǔ)或者名詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句,要注意對(duì)語(yǔ)氣的判斷。例如: I would have come sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. 我本該早一些到,但我不知道他們?cè)诘任摇?Born in better times(=If he had born in better times),he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在更好的時(shí)代,他早就成為學(xué)者了。 A few hours earlier(=If you had come a few hours earlier),you would have been able to meet the famous writer. 要是你早來(lái)幾個(gè)小時(shí),你就能見(jiàn)到這位著名的作家了。,一,二,三,3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用 (1)wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為: 過(guò)去時(shí):表示現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 過(guò)去完成時(shí):表示過(guò)去不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 could/would/might+動(dòng)詞原形:表示將來(lái)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 例如: I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鳥,能在天空自由飛翔。,一,二,三,(2)在主語(yǔ)從句中,下面的幾種情況謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。 ① “It is+形容詞+that.”句型。常見(jiàn)的形容詞有important,necessary,natural,funny,strange,surprising,astonishing 等。如: It is necessary that we (should) master a foreign language. 我們掌握一門外語(yǔ)是有必要的。 ② “It is +名詞+that.”句型。常見(jiàn)的名詞有advice,suggestion,proposal(提議,建議),requirement,desire,order等。如: It was a pity that you should be so careless. 你這么粗心真是可惜。,一,二,三,③ “It is+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+ that.”句型。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有advise,order,propose,request,suggest,demand,require 等。如: It was ordered that parking (should) not be allowed in front of the building. 規(guī)定樓前不準(zhǔn)停車。 (3)在下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。這類動(dòng)詞有:insist,urge,order,command,request,demand,require,suggest,advise,propose,recommend等。如: She suggested we (should)leave here at once. 她建議我們馬上離開。,一,二,三,insist/suggest 各有兩種意思,要用不同的語(yǔ)氣。 insist 表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí),用虛擬形式,即 should+do;表示“堅(jiān)稱,堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣,表示事實(shí)。 suggest 表示“建議”時(shí),用虛擬形式;表示“表明,暗示”時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 Her pale face suggested that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination. 她蒼白的臉色說(shuō)明她病了,她的父母建議她做個(gè)醫(yī)療檢查。 He insisted that she was seriously ill and that (should) be sent to hospital at once. 他堅(jiān)稱她得了重病,并且堅(jiān)決要求她應(yīng)馬上被送往醫(yī)院。,一,二,三,(4)在含有advice,order,demand,proposal(提議),requirement,suggestion等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。如: My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你應(yīng)該善待她。 He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once. 他要求她立刻離開這個(gè)地方。 (5)would rather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示愿望,意為“寧愿,但愿”。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為: 一般過(guò)去時(shí):表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況的虛擬 過(guò)去完成時(shí):表示對(duì)過(guò)去的情況的虛擬 George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but I’d rather he focused more on its culture. 喬治將要談?wù)撽P(guān)于他的國(guó)家的地理情況,但是我寧愿他更多地關(guān)注它的文化。,一,二,三,4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法 在“It is (high/about) time (that).句型”中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式,或用should+動(dòng)詞原形(其中should通常不省略)。此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該……”,用來(lái)表示提議。 It is (high) time that you went to school.你該去上學(xué)了。 5.as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,He stood up and offered her his seat,as if he had read her mind. 他站起來(lái)給她讓座,他好像讀懂了她的心思。,一,二,三,6.在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示愿望,意為“要是……就好了”。If only+句子相當(dāng)于How I wish+that從句。 Look at the trouble we’re in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice! 看看我們所處的困境,要是我們接受老師的建議就好了!,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真題變式訓(xùn)練) 1.People are recycling many things which they (throw) away in the past! 2. I have a word with you?It won’t take long. 3.Although you find bargains in London,it’s not generally a cheap place to shop. 4. there no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 5.If Mr Dewey (be) present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 6.—I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. —Do you mean we bring anything with us?,would have thrown,Can,can,Were,had been,needn’t,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,7.It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves, bring me food. 8.Life is unpredictable;even the poorest become the richest. 9.We would rather our daughter (stay) at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer. 10.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.,should,might,stayed,would,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1.If only he lay quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now. 2.How I wish every family has a large house with a beautiful garden! 3.I insisted he went to see a doctor,but he insisted nothing was wrong with him. 4.—Your aunt invites you to the movies today. —I would rather she will tell me tomorrow than today. 5.—Would you have called her up? —Yes,but I had been busy doing my homework.,答案:lay→had lain,答案:has→had,答案:went→go/should go,答案:will tell→told,答案:had been→was,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,6.It got its name from the wooden wall that was used to stand where the street now runs. 7.I picked up this book from a second-hand bookshop if you should know. 8.If you won’t do as I tell you,you can’t get the chance to be promoted because the competition is just too fierce. 9.Martin hasn’t been in touch with me for ages.He mustn’t get my new cellphone number. 10.The door couldn’t open,no matter how hard she pushed.,答案:去掉was,答案:should→must,答案:can’t→shan’t,答案:mustn’t→can’t,答案:couldn’t→wouldn’t,