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扣考綱話題誦讀,固考基教材梳理,析考點(diǎn)重難突破,提考能技能速升,雙基達(dá)標(biāo)卷,考能提升卷,,必修5 Unit 3 Science and nature,話題15 世界與環(huán)境(1) [話題詞匯] 【常見單詞】 1．fund n．基金，資金 2．organization n．組織 3．consequence n．后果，結(jié)果 4．environment n．環(huán)境 5．habitat n．棲息地,6．influence n．& v．影響 7．harm n．& v．傷害 8．protect v．保護(hù) 9．prevent v．阻止，制止 10．pollute v．污染,【常見短語(yǔ)】 1．die out 滅絕 2．take measures/action/steps采取措施 3．set up建立，設(shè)立 4．be faced with 面臨 5．there is no doubt that 毫無(wú)疑問,[經(jīng)典語(yǔ)篇] 【寫作要求】 (2013重慶高考)調(diào)查顯示，中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江江豚(finless porpoise)受人類活動(dòng)影響而瀕臨滅絕，目前總數(shù)不足1000只。假設(shè)你是李華，現(xiàn)請(qǐng)用英文給WWF(世界自然保護(hù)基金組織)寫一封信，請(qǐng)他們關(guān)注這一狀況并提供幫助。內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：,,●說(shuō)明寫信目的 ●簡(jiǎn)述江豚現(xiàn)狀 ●希望WWF如何幫助(比如：資助江豚保護(hù)項(xiàng)目等) ●表示感謝并期待回復(fù) 注意：(1)詞數(shù)不少于80；,(2)書信格式及開頭均已給出(不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。 Dear Sir or Madam， Im a student from Chongqing，China._____________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua,【參考范文】 Dear_Sir_or_Madam， Im_a_student_from_Chongqing，China.Right now I am writing to you to ask for your help to improve the situation the Yangtze Finless Porpoise is faced with. On account of lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller, only 1,000 left up to now. Most of them are dying out. ①Therefore, its time we took immediate measures to change the situation.,So I hope WWF will do something to help Yangtze Finless Porpoise by setting up a special fund organization or drawing up some rules on how to protect it and so on.②With your help, we believe we can improve the living environment of the Yangtze Finless Porpoise, so that its number will be increased. I am looking forward to your reply. Thank you! Yours_sincerely， Li_Hua,[一試身手] 【句型轉(zhuǎn)換】 1．將句型①改為包含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。 Therefore,_____________________________________________________________________. 2．將句型② 改為包含非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的句子。 With your help, we believe we can improve the living environment of the Yangtze Finless Porpoise, ______________________________,if we didn‘t take immediate measures， they would be in danger,thus increasing its number.,【完成句子】 1．我們現(xiàn)在必須采取行動(dòng)來(lái)保護(hù)地球。 We must_________________________________. 2．保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物免于滅絕是十分重要的。 It is important to _________________________________. 3．毫無(wú)疑問，保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物就是保護(hù)我們自己。 ___________________________________wildlife is protecting ourselves.,take action to protect the earth now,prevent the wildlife from dying out,There is no doubt that protecting,一、單詞速覽 1．______ adj. 精確的，準(zhǔn)確的 2．_______ vt. 收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；采用，采納 3．_____________ n. 突破 4．___________ n. 判斷力；看法，評(píng)價(jià)；(法律)判決 5．___________ adj. 可信賴的，可依靠的 6．____________ adj. 準(zhǔn)確的，精確的 7．_____ adj. 短時(shí)間的，短暫的；簡(jiǎn)潔的，簡(jiǎn)單的,exact,adopt,breakthrough,judgement,reliable,accurate,brief,8．________ n. 贊同，支持；恩惠，幫助；偏愛，偏袒 9． ________ n. 收入，收益 10． ________ n. 利潤(rùn)，收益 vi.& vt. 獲益；對(duì)……有用 11． ________ n. 意圖，目的；企圖 →intend v. 打算；想要；意指 → ________ adj. 未來(lái)的；預(yù)計(jì)中的,favour,income,profit,intention,intending,12．________ n. 憂慮，焦慮，不安 → ________ adj. 焦慮的；擔(dān)憂的；渴望的 → _________ adv. 不安地，憂慮地 13． _______________ n. 后果，結(jié)果 → __________ adj. 隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的 → ____________ adv. 因此；結(jié)果；所以 14． ________ adj. 原來(lái)的，起初的；首創(chuàng)的；非復(fù)制的 → ________ n. 起源；原點(diǎn)；出身；開端 15． ________ vt. 實(shí)施；指揮樂隊(duì) → ___________ n. 導(dǎo)體；售票員；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者；管理人,anxiety,anxious,anxiously,consequence,consequent,consequently,original,origin,conduct,conductor,16．___________ n. 多數(shù)，大多數(shù) →________ adj. 主要的；重要的；主修的；較多的 17．_____________ n. 仔細(xì)考慮；必須考慮的因素；體諒，顧及 →__________ v. 考慮；認(rèn)為；考慮到 →___________ adj. 體貼的；體諒的；考慮周到的 →___________ adj. 相當(dāng)大的；重要的，值得考慮的 18．___________ vt.& vi.證實(shí)，證明；確認(rèn)；使確信 →_____________ n. 確認(rèn)；證實(shí)；證明；批準(zhǔn) →___________ n. 證實(shí)者,majority,major,consideration,consider,considerate,considerable,confirm,confirmation,confirmer,19．_________vt. 使驚嚇，使驚恐 → _________ adj. 令人恐懼的；引起突然驚恐的 → _________ adj. 害怕的；受驚的；受恐嚇的 → _________ n. 恐懼，害怕 20． _________ n. 準(zhǔn)許，許可，批準(zhǔn) → _________ v. 許可；允許 21． _________ vt. 使改變外觀或性質(zhì)；使改變形態(tài) → _____________ n. 變化，改觀，轉(zhuǎn)變，改革,frighten,frightening,frightened,fright,permission,permit,transform,transformation,【看單詞，學(xué)構(gòu)詞】 在12.anxious一詞中出現(xiàn)了名詞加ous變來(lái)的形容詞形式。該形容詞后綴意為“充滿……的”、“具有……特征的”，加在名詞、動(dòng)詞和形容詞之后。課標(biāo)中類似的詞還有：curious，famous，dangerous，obvious，poisonous，serious，various等。,二、短語(yǔ)快譯 1．___________ 戲弄，擺弄；把……當(dāng)作兒戲 2． __________________ 為了……，以……為目的或 意圖 3． ________________ 對(duì)……表示尊敬，尊重 4． ________________義無(wú)反顧地進(jìn)行，努力推進(jìn) 5． __________________. 成功地做成某事 6． ___________ 供出售，待銷售 7． ___________________ 同意；與……一致 8． _____________以……的語(yǔ)氣，以……的論調(diào),toy with,with the intention of,show respect for,push ahead with,succeed in doing sth,for sale,in agreement with,on a．note,9．_______________耗盡體力，累垮 10． _____________________ 效仿某人 11． ___________________ 認(rèn)真考慮…… 12． _______________ 贊同，支持 13． _______________ 觀點(diǎn) 14． _______________ 滿足某人的要求 15． ____________________________________ 一方面……，另一方面……,be/get burnt out,follow in ones_footsteps,take.into consideration,In favour of,point of view,meet ones need,on the one hand.，on the other hand.,三、句式構(gòu)建 1．序數(shù)詞＋名詞＋to do(不定式作定語(yǔ)) _____________________________ successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年動(dòng)物細(xì)胞克隆出的哺乳動(dòng)物是多利羊。,The first mammal to be cloned,2．while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 ________ cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.盡管克隆人類胚胎在很多國(guó)家還不合法，但一些科學(xué)家正在加緊研究，以制造出克隆的人類嬰兒。,While,3．No other＋單數(shù)名詞/Nothing/No one/None/Nobody /Nowhere＋比較級(jí)＋than.句型是比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí) ___________is this _____________ with genetically modified (GM) food.轉(zhuǎn)基因食品就是最好的例子。 4．rather than連接兩個(gè)對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)，意為：而不是 Research has been limited to increasing production profits，_____________ making sure that GM foods are safe. 目前的研究只局限于增加生產(chǎn)利潤(rùn)，而不是確保轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的安全。,Nowhere,truer than,rather than,,解析7個(gè)考綱單詞 1．intention n．意圖，目的；企圖 (教材P42)However，some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.但是，有些人認(rèn)為懷著摧毀人類胚胎的意圖來(lái)克隆人類胚胎是對(duì)人類生命的不尊重。,(1)have/has no intention of doing sth.無(wú)意干…… by intention 故意地；刻意地 with the intention of 打算……，以……為目的 without intention 無(wú)意地，不是故意地 (2)intend v. 打算，意欲，想要 intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事 intend sb.for sth. 要使某人成為…… intend sth.for sb. 為某人準(zhǔn)備某物 (3)be intended for 為……準(zhǔn)備的,①I am not a person pursuing position and wealth by_intention.我是一個(gè)不刻意追求功利的人。 ②I came with_the_intention_of_staying，but now Ive decided to leave.我來(lái)時(shí)一心想留下，但現(xiàn)在我已決定離開。 ③I hear they intend_to_marry/marrying. 聽說(shuō)他們要結(jié)婚了。,2．consequence n．結(jié)果，后果 (教材P43)If we toy with nature，we will have to deal with the consequences.如果我們戲弄自然，我們就必須承擔(dān)后果。,as a consequence/in consequence 因此，結(jié)果 as a consequence of/in consequence of 由于，作為……的結(jié)果 take/face/suffer the consequences (of sth.) 自食其果，承擔(dān)責(zé)任,①(牛津P353)Two hundred people lost their jobs as a direct consequence of the merger. 合并一事直接導(dǎo)致二百人失去了工作。 ②He studied hard，and in_consequence/as_a_ consequence he passed the exam.他努力學(xué)習(xí)，因此通過了考試。 ③In_consequence_of/_As_a_consequence_of_ his bad conduct he was dismissed.由于行為不良，他被開除了。,3．majority n．多數(shù)，大多數(shù) (2013北京高考閱讀填句) It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.直到20世紀(jì)大不列顛才成了歷史上第一個(gè)城市社會(huì)——一個(gè)大部分人住在城市，不靠種田生活的社會(huì)。,(1)a/the majority of 大多數(shù) be in the/a majority 占大多數(shù) by/with a majority of 以多數(shù)，占多數(shù) (2)major adj. 較大的，主要的，重要的 major in. 專業(yè)，主修……科目 (3)minority n. 少數(shù),【溫馨提示】 ①majority指可數(shù)的概念，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果泛指多數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式或復(fù)數(shù)形式都可以。 ②the majority of＋名詞，表示“多數(shù)……”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of之后的名詞。,①(牛津P1054)The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。 ②Its only in_a_minority_of cases that the illness is fatal.只有在少數(shù)情況之下，這種病才是致命的。 ③I majored_in English but now I major_in French. 我曾專修過英語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在我主修法語(yǔ)。,高考鏈接 (2011湖南高考)Onethird of the country ________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people. A．is；are B．is；is C．a(chǎn)re；are D．a(chǎn)re；is,【解析】 句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家的三分之一被森林覆蓋，而且大多數(shù)公民是黑人。onethird of the country 指“ 一個(gè)國(guó)家的三分之一”， 后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；the majority of后面的citizens 為復(fù)數(shù)意義，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 【答案】 A,4．confirm vt.& vi.證實(shí)，證明；確認(rèn)；使確信 (2013湖北高考閱讀理解D)I looked at the Xray again，and more tests confirmed it wasnt the cancer but tuberculosis(肺結(jié)核)．我又看了看這個(gè)X光片，更多的檢測(cè)證實(shí)了它不是癌癥只是肺結(jié)核……,confirm sth./thatclause 證實(shí)，證明；使確信 confirm sb.in. 使某人在……方面更加堅(jiān)定 confirm sb.in the belief 使某人堅(jiān)信 confirm sb.as 批準(zhǔn)某人任某職 It has been confirmed that. 已經(jīng)確定……,①(牛津P348)It has been confirmed that Lewiss next fight will be against Bruno. 已經(jīng)確定劉易斯的下一場(chǎng)拳擊賽將對(duì)陣布魯諾。 ②The President confirmed_him_as Secretary of State. 總統(tǒng)任命他為國(guó)務(wù)卿。 ③This latest information confirms_me_in_the_belief that he is to blame.最近這一則消息使我堅(jiān)信他該受到責(zé)備。,5．favour n．贊同，支持；恩惠，幫助；偏愛，偏袒 (教材P58)Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of nature? 難道我們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo(hù)自然就應(yīng)該停止經(jīng)濟(jì)？,(1)in favour of 贊同，支持 in sb.s favour＝in the favour of sb. 對(duì)某人有利 out of favour with. 失寵于……；不受……歡迎 (2)do sb.a favour ＝do a favour for sb. 給某人恩惠；幫某人忙 do sb.the favour to do sth./do sb.a favour and do sth. 給某人幫忙做某事,①(牛津P628)Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today？今天你能幫我個(gè)忙去學(xué)校接薩姆嗎？ ②Dont try to borrow Johns car—I hate asking_a_favour_of people.別去向約翰借小汽車了——我不愿求人。 ③On the whole，Im in_favour_of_the proposal. 總的說(shuō)來(lái)，我贊成這個(gè)提議。 ④The situation both at home and abroad is in_our_favour.國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)都對(duì)我們有利。,6．frighten vt.使驚嚇，使驚恐 (2011北京高考閱讀理解A)The plane was the noisiest one I had ever been in，but I wasnt frightened. 這架飛機(jī)是我坐過的噪音最大的一架，但我不害怕。,(1)frighten.away 把……嚇跑，嚇走 frighten sb.into/out of (doing) sth. 恐嚇某人做/不做某事 (2)be frightened at 受……驚嚇，對(duì)……大吃一驚 be frightened of 對(duì)……感到害怕 be frightened to death 被嚇得要死,①The sudden noise frightened the deer away. 突如其來(lái)的響聲把鹿嚇跑了。 ②News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting new locks to their doors. 發(fā)生搶劫的消息把許多人嚇得裝上新門鎖。 ③He was_frightened_at the frightening sight. 看到這可怕的情景，他害怕了。 ④I am_frightened_of_walking home alone in the dark. 我害怕在黑夜單獨(dú)走路回家。,7．permission n．準(zhǔn)許，許可，批準(zhǔn) (教材P59)Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe，many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM foods，as they would rather be cautious with this new technology.由于沒有人真正知道轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是否安全，很多國(guó)家都還沒有授權(quán)允許生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品，因?yàn)樗麄儗幵冈谶@項(xiàng)新技術(shù)上更小心謹(jǐn)慎一些。,(1)ask for permission 請(qǐng)求許可 give sb.permission to do sth. 允許某人做某事 with sb.s permission 在某人許可的情況下 without permission 未經(jīng)許可 (2)permit (ones) doing sth. 允許(某人)做某事 permit sb.to do sth. 允許某人做某事 permit of 容許，有……的可能性,①(牛津P1277)She took the car without permission. 她未經(jīng)許可擅自使用了汽車。 ②You are not permitted to smoke here.此處不許吸煙。 ③Her mother doesnt give_her_permission_to_stay _away at night. ＝Her mother doesnt permit_her_staying_away at night. ＝Her mother doesnt permit_her_to_stay_away at night.她母親不允許她在外過夜。,[單詞對(duì)點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)] 單項(xiàng)填空 1．Many houses were completely destroyed in the hurricane which struck the area last week.________， the victims had to live in the temporary shelters offered by the Red Cross. A．As a result of B．As a consequence C．As usual D．As for,【解析】 考查短語(yǔ)辨析。as a result of 由于……的結(jié)果，of后須接賓語(yǔ)；as a consequence＝as a result 結(jié)果，因此；as usual 跟往常一樣；as for 至于。consequence指隨之而發(fā)生的結(jié)果，而result指最后的結(jié)果。句意：許多房屋被上周襲擊這個(gè)地區(qū)的颶風(fēng)給摧毀了。結(jié)果，受害者不得不住在紅十字會(huì)提供的臨時(shí)避難所里。可知，應(yīng)選B。 【答案】 B,2．When the headmaster put forward the plan，the ________ of the students in the class ________ against it. A．majority；were B．most；were C．most；did D．majority；did 【解析】 the majority of＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞＝most of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，故排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；be against 反對(duì)，不贊成。應(yīng)選A。 【答案】 A,3．John worked hard at his lessons and gained ______ to a famous university last year. A．permission B．a(chǎn)dmission C．a(chǎn)greement D．freedom 【解析】 admission意為“準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入”，admission to a university指“被大學(xué)錄取”。permission許可；agreement同意；freedom自由，自由使用權(quán)。 【答案】 B,4．Many farmers left their fields and went to big cities with the ________ of making money to support their family. A．intention B．determination C．concern D．Development 【解析】 考查名詞辨析。句意：為了掙錢養(yǎng)家糊口，很多農(nóng)民離開了他們的土地去往大城市。with the intention of“為了，以……為目的或意圖”，符合句意。determination決心，果斷；concern擔(dān)心，關(guān)心；development發(fā)展。 【答案】 A,5．A school named “Qianqiu Middle School” has been set up ________ the teacher，Tan Qianqiu，who lost his life in saving the students in the earthquake. A．in honor of B．in case of C．in need of D．in favor of 【解析】 根據(jù)句子的意思可知，“千秋中學(xué)”是“為了紀(jì)念”在地震中為了保護(hù)學(xué)生而犧牲的譚千秋老師而建立的。 【答案】 A,6．“It was the most ________ experience of my life，” he said，“it is ________ even to think of it.” A．terrifying；frightened B．terrified；frightening C．terrified；frightened D．terrifying；frightening 【解析】 考查形容詞。第一個(gè)空用terrifying作定語(yǔ)，意為“嚇人的，可怕的”；第二個(gè)空用frightening作表語(yǔ)，意為“嚇人的，可怕的”。句意：“這是我一生中最可怕的經(jīng)歷，”他說(shuō)，“甚至連想一下都很嚇人?！?【答案】 D,7．The company has ________ a survey to find out the local reaction to the leisure center. A．produced B．conducted C．constructed D．confused 【解析】 句意：公司已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，來(lái)查清當(dāng)?shù)貙?duì)休閑中心的反應(yīng)。conduct執(zhí)行，進(jìn)行。 【答案】 B,8．The spokesman ________ that the president would visit China next week，which cleaned up all doubts. A．concluded B．a(chǎn)dvised C．demanded D．confirmed 【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。confirm確認(rèn)；conclude結(jié)束；advise建議；demand要求。句意：新聞發(fā)言人確認(rèn)了總統(tǒng)將于下周訪問中國(guó)，這消除了一切懷疑。故只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。 【答案】 D,分析2個(gè)高考短語(yǔ) 1．on the one hand . on the other hand .一方面……另一方面…… (牛津P792)On the one hand theyd love to have kids, but on the other (hand) they dont want to give up their freedom. 一方面他們想要孩子；另一方面他們又不想放棄自由自在的生活。,for one thing，.for another (thing)． 一方面……，另一方面……；首先……，其次……,①On one hand，loss implies gain; on the other hand, gain implies loss. 塞翁失馬， 焉知非福； 塞翁得馬，焉知非禍。 ②This story is unsuitable. For_one_thing its too long; for_another_(thing) its too dull. 這個(gè)故事不合適。首先它太長(zhǎng)，其次太枯燥。,高考鏈接 (2014江西高考)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.________， it could just put you in debt. A．In other words B．All in all C．As a result D．On the other hand,【解析】 本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：開創(chuàng)你自己的事業(yè)可能是一種獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的方法。________，它可能將你置于債務(wù)之中。由前句中的“是一種獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的方法”與后句中的“可能將你置于債務(wù)之中”可判斷此處用表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的on the other hand(另一方面)。in other words換句話說(shuō)；all in all總之；as a result結(jié)果。 【答案】 D,2．push ahead with義無(wú)反顧地進(jìn)行，努力推進(jìn) (教材P42)While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.盡管克隆人類胚胎在很多國(guó)家還不合法，但一些科學(xué)家正在加緊研究，以制造出克隆的人類嬰兒。,push back 退回，推回 push ones way 擠過去，奮力向前 push through 促成，完成，穿過，擠過 push aside 把……向旁邊推 push forward 推進(jìn)；抓緊進(jìn)行 push over 推倒，把……推倒,①(牛津P1398)Try and push your way through the crowd.試著從人群中擠過去。 ②That rude man pushed me aside and got on the bus ahead of me. 那個(gè)粗魯?shù)募一锇盐彝频揭贿呑约合壬狭斯财嚒?③The old man was pushed_over by a crowd. 那位老人被一群人撞倒了。,[短語(yǔ)對(duì)點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)] 單項(xiàng)填空 1．(2014連云港模擬)—What do you think of the poems? —They are beautiful to read but ________， they are hard to understand. A．in addition B．on the other hand C．a(chǎn)s a consequence D．in particular,【解析】 根據(jù)題意“讀起來(lái)很美”及“很難理解”可知選B項(xiàng)。on the other hand“另一方面”。 【答案】 B,2．(2014無(wú)錫一中高三檢測(cè))I am all ________ trying to find ways to save money, but we have to maintain certain standards of quality. A．in favour of B．in memory of C．in honor of D．in search of 【解析】 句意：我完全贊同盡力找到省錢的方法，但是我們必須維持一定的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。in favour of贊成，支持； in memory of為紀(jì)念； in honor of為了對(duì)……表示敬意；in search of尋找。 【答案】 A,3．He ________ his plan for dropping out of the university regardless of his parents opposition. A．pushed along B．pushed ahead with C．pushed for D．pushed forward 【解析】 考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他不顧父母的反對(duì)，毅然按照自己的計(jì)劃從大學(xué)退學(xué)了。push ahead with 義無(wú)反顧地進(jìn)行，符合句意。push along 把……推向前；push for 強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)求；push forward 繼續(xù)旅程，前進(jìn)。 【答案】 B,4．It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ________ favors to them. A．in preference to B．in place of C．in agreement with D．in exchange for 【解析】 考查短語(yǔ)辨析。in preference to優(yōu)先于；in place of代替；in agreement with同意，與……一致；in exchange for交換。其實(shí)辨析這幾個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)的難度不大，只需要認(rèn)識(shí)每一個(gè)短語(yǔ)中的核心詞preference，place，agreement，exchange的意思即可，猜測(cè)較為容易。 【答案】 D,剖析2個(gè)高考句型 1．(教材P42)The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年動(dòng)物細(xì)胞克隆出的哺乳動(dòng)物是多利羊。 句法分析：the first，the second，the last，the next，the only等作名詞或者它們作形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。 ①She was the first person to think of the idea. 她是第一個(gè)想出這個(gè)主意的人。,②He is always the first to bear hardships，the last to enjoy comforts. ＝He is the first who will bear hardships，the last who will enjoy comforts. 他總是一個(gè)吃苦在前，享樂在后的人。 ③That will be the only thing (for us) to_do now. 這恐怕是目前(我們)唯一可做的事情。 ④She was the first person in the world to_receive_two_ Nobel_Prizes.她是世上第一個(gè)獲得兩次諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的人。,2．(教材P59) Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food. 轉(zhuǎn)基因食品就是最好的例子。 句法分析：句中nowhere.than.是比較級(jí)的形式，表示最高級(jí)的含義。在英語(yǔ)中，“No other＋單數(shù)名詞/Nothing/No one/None/Nobody＋比較級(jí)＋than.”句型是比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)，句意：再?zèng)]有比……更……的了。本句以否定詞nowhere開頭，為倒裝語(yǔ)序。,(1)具有否定意義或半否定意義的副詞以及含有否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ)等放句首時(shí)，主句須部分倒裝。 (2)這類常用的否定詞或否定短語(yǔ)有：not，hardly，little，never，rarely，seldom，by no means，in no way，not until，in no case (決不)，on no condition(無(wú)論如何也不)，no longer，at no time(任何時(shí)候都不)，on no account(決不)，no sooner.than，hardly/scarcely. when(一……就……)等。,①No other boy is poorer than John. 再?zèng)]有比約翰更窮的了。(約翰最窮) ②Little did he know that the police were around. 他一點(diǎn)兒也不知道警察就在旁邊。 ③No_other_thing is more_expensive_than friendship. 再?zèng)]有比友誼更寶貴的了。(友誼最寶貴) ④Hardly_did_she_believe her own eyes. 她幾乎不能相信自己的眼睛。,[句型對(duì)點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)] 單項(xiàng)填空 1．—What do you think of his opinion? —None has given me ________ piece of advice. A．a(chǎn) better B．the better C．best D．the best 【解析】 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知后句句意：沒有人比他給我的建議更好。none與比較級(jí)連用，表示最高級(jí)的意思，意為“沒有比……更……”。其他選項(xiàng)不合句意。 【答案】 A,2．(2012江西高考)Never before ________ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. A．had she B．she had C．has she D．she has 【解析】 考查倒裝句。never放句首，句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，從后面的can可以看出是描寫現(xiàn)在的情況，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，這里用完成時(shí)。句意：她從來(lái)都沒有看到過任何人打網(wǎng)球和羅伯特一樣好的。 【答案】 C,3．She was the first in our class ________ the mold: instead of getting a job in education，she decided to become an accountant. A．to break B．breaking C．broke D．break 【解析】 由題干可以判斷出填入的部分與the mold一起在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾the first。the＋序數(shù)詞(＋名詞)的后面，多用不定式作定語(yǔ)。句意：她是我們班里第一個(gè)打破常規(guī)的人：沒有從事教育工作，而是決定成為一名會(huì)計(jì)師。 【答案】 A,4．(2014常州高三模擬)—Do you need any help, Lucy? —Yes. The job is ________ I could do myself. A．less than B．more than C．no more than D．not more than 【解析】 答話人同意接受對(duì)方的幫助，由此可知，這項(xiàng)工作超出了答話人的能力范圍。more than＋從句“超過……的能力范圍”，符合題意。less than少于；no more than不過，僅僅；not more than至多，不超過。 【答案】 B,,,[教材語(yǔ)法集訓(xùn)] 動(dòng)詞的ed 形式 單項(xiàng)填空 1．(2014池州一中月考)Eyes ________，I see the moon so bright.Head ________，in homesickness I am drowned. A．raised；bending B．raised；bent C．raising；bending D．raising；bent,【解析】 句意：舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉(xiāng)。Eyes ________和Head ________是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，eyes與raise之間，head與bend之間均為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故均用過去分詞形式。 【答案】 B,2．(2014長(zhǎng)沙一中模擬)Wages ________ to migrant workers accounted for 65.7 percent of the total income of rural households. A．paying B．paid C．to pay D．pay 【解析】 句意：支付給農(nóng)民工的工資占農(nóng)村家庭總收入的65.7%。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用分詞作定語(yǔ)，因?yàn)閣ages與pay之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。 【答案】 B,3．(2014太原五中模擬)The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing ________ should have attracted the governments attention. A．solving B．solve C．to solve D．solved 【解析】 句意：我們期待解決的交通問題應(yīng)該引起政府的重視。seeing的賓語(yǔ)為the traffic problems，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，由于solve與the traffic problems之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 【答案】 D,4．(2014濟(jì)南高三鞏固性訓(xùn)練)In my opinion，keeping dogs well ________ up is advisable for dog owners. A．to tie B．being tied C．tied D．to be tied 【解析】 句意：依我看，把狗拴好對(duì)狗主人來(lái)說(shuō)是明智之舉。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，且tie和dogs之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用tie的過去分詞形式，表示狀態(tài)。 【答案】 C,5．(2015張家界模擬)________ with childrens pictures，the walls of the classroom look better. A．Having decorated B．Being decorated C．To be decorated D．Decorated 【解析】 句意：在孩子們的圖片的裝飾下，教室的墻更好看了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，decorate與the walls之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用decorate的過去分詞形式。再結(jié)合句意可知decorate這一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，故選D。 【答案】 D,[高考24話題微寫作] 話題(十五) 科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)——人與自然 【寫作素材】 提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯或句型表達(dá)。 1．隨著生物科學(xué)的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)克隆出了人類胚胎。 _______________________________________________,2．一方面這給想收養(yǎng)孩子的家庭帶來(lái)了驚喜，另一方面，也給人們帶來(lái)了焦慮。 _______________________________________________ 3．有些人認(rèn)為克隆人是違法的，是不對(duì)的，這是把自然當(dāng)兒戲，人類必須要對(duì)她的后果加以考慮。 _______________________________________________ 4．大多數(shù)人支持克隆動(dòng)植物，以造福人類。我完全同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。 _______________________________________________,【連句成篇】 可選用on one hand.on the other hand.，and，even等將以上句子連成一篇英語(yǔ)短文 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________,【參考范文】 With the development of bioscience，the scientists have cloned human embryo.On one hand，it has br