外文翻譯--可編程控制器的發(fā)展-21頁[中英word]【中英文文獻(xiàn)譯文】,中英word,中英文文獻(xiàn)譯文,外文,翻譯,可編程控制器,發(fā)展,21,word,中英文,文獻(xiàn),譯文 附錄 科技文獻(xiàn) 可編程控制器的發(fā)展 隨著現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展,應(yīng)用可編程控制器(PLC), 控制工藝過程的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域愈來愈多.可編程控制器是以微處理器為基礎(chǔ),綜合計(jì)算機(jī)、通信、聯(lián)網(wǎng)以及自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)而開發(fā)的新一代工業(yè)控制裝置?？删幊炭刂破髟谖覈陌l(fā)展與應(yīng)用已有40多年的歷史，現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的各個(gè)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域，成為提高傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)裝備水平和技術(shù)能力的重要設(shè)備和強(qiáng)大支柱。 可編程控制器問世于20世紀(jì)60年代，當(dāng)時(shí)的可編程控制器功能都很簡單，只有邏輯、定時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)等功能。80年代初期，微處理器技術(shù)日趨成熟，單片微處理器、半導(dǎo)體存儲(chǔ)器進(jìn)入工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，大規(guī)模集成電路開始普遍應(yīng)用?？删幊炭刂破鏖_始向多處理器發(fā)展，使可編程控制器的功能和處理速度大為增強(qiáng)，并具有通信和遠(yuǎn)程I/O能力，增加了多種特殊功能，如浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算、三角函數(shù)、查表、列表等，自診斷和容錯(cuò)技術(shù)也記迅速發(fā)展。 隨著計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的普及應(yīng)用,超大規(guī)模集成電路、門陣列以及專用集成電路的迅速發(fā)展，可編程控制器的CPU已發(fā)展為由16位或32位微處理器構(gòu)成，處理速度得到很大提高，高速計(jì)數(shù)、中斷、PID、運(yùn)動(dòng)控制等功能引入了可編程控制器。使得可編程控制器能夠滿足工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，可編程控制器已完全取代了傳統(tǒng)的邏輯控制裝置，模擬量儀表控制裝置和以小型機(jī)為核心的DDC（直接數(shù)字控制）控制裝置。由于聯(lián)網(wǎng)能力增強(qiáng)，既可和上位計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)，也可以下掛FLEX I/O或遠(yuǎn)程I/O，從而組成分布式控制系統(tǒng)（DCS）已無困難。梯形圖語言和語句表語言完全成熟，基本上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，SFC（順序功能圖）語言逐步普及，專用的編程器已被個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)和相應(yīng)編程軟件所替代，人機(jī)界面裝置日趨完善，已能進(jìn)行對(duì)整個(gè)工廠的監(jiān)控、管理。大大加強(qiáng)了可靠性。 進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，可編程控制器仍保持旺盛的發(fā)展勢頭，并不斷擴(kuò)大其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，如為用戶配置柔性制造系統(tǒng)（FMS）和計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)（CIMS）。目前可編程控制器控制器主要向兩個(gè)方向擴(kuò)展：一是綜合化控制系統(tǒng)，它已經(jīng)突破了原有的可編程控制器的概念，將工廠生產(chǎn)過程控制與信息管理系統(tǒng)密切結(jié)合起來，甚至向上為MES和ERP系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)備了技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，這種發(fā)展趨勢會(huì)使得ERP系統(tǒng)有了堅(jiān)實(shí)的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，從而會(huì)帶來工業(yè)控制的一場變革，實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的電子信息化工廠：二是微型可編程控制器異軍突起，體積如手掌大小，功能可覆蓋單體及整個(gè)車間的控制功能，并具備聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能，這種微型化的可編程控制器使得控制系統(tǒng)可將觸角延伸到工廠的各個(gè)角落。 目前，在我國隨著企業(yè)加速進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代化技術(shù)改造，PLC及其應(yīng)用技術(shù)越來越多的用到企業(yè)的設(shè)備改造和技術(shù)更新當(dāng)中。 Filter information Filter is a typical intermittent operation of pressurized filtration equipment，applied to textiles, printing and dyeing, leather, paper and other environmental sewage treatment process，It is an ideal separation equipment。Van including ordinary filter-pressing and divide crowded two，van plates from the plate plates and frame filter material progress into the corner。Filter frame thickness of the half on both sides of the plates，synthesis plate frame filter plates – body，feeding into the middle Feed，nesting convenience，cake moisture and reduce labor intensity operation。Van divide crowded board，filtering with the same general board, an increase of inflatable extrusion function. ordinary plates will be replaced with Thin Core intermediate rubber diaphragm clamping both sides of a two sealed sandwich, thin Core compressed air from the air intake into the sealed, because of the flexible diaphragm role，to the plot has been in the filter cake fault crowded indoor pressing, from oppression of cake again. Filter fluid flow and that there are two forms of undercurrents. Filtrate from each of the plates directly into the hole from the aircraft said that the flow hat the flow will be monitored and each of the filtration plates situation. Found a solution impure plates, the board can be closed out of mouth, If the block plates of filtrate from the confluence of a pipeline from the fluid from the aircraft, said the undercurrent of the. Undercurrent of volatile for the filtrate or filtrate harmful to human beings suspension filtration. According to the need to filter washing Residue, can be washed and can be divided into two forms can not be washed. Can be said of the need to wash-wash, otherwise known as the non-washing. Wash Filter plates two forms, board opened a washing liquid-liquid known as a hole plates. Not washing liquid into a liquid hole known as non-porous plates. There can be a one-way filter washing-washing and scrubbing of the two-way, washing is a one-way orifice and at the turn without portfolio Orifice. bidirectional washing plates are for a hole plates. However, two plates of the adjacent hole should be staggered washing place, not at the same time through the washing liquid. Installed and tested 1, the filter should be installed in the formation of the concrete foundation. Feeding end of the thrust plate with the foot Anchor Bolt fixed based on the stent-not Anchor Bolt, Anchor Bolt positioning or after using two locking nut, nut and gasket foot in the appropriate space between Block. This machine can trace telescopic legs. Positioning should be installed by the former correction beams Thrust Plate and the vertical plane. 2, the foundation, construction personnel should load the equipment design, Anchor Bolt to reserve suitable filling two holes. 3, filter four weeks should be sufficient room for operation and maintenance, hydraulic clamping filter to select the appropriate location placed hydraulic station, hydraulic station to ensure normal work. 4, according to the requirements put away plates, layout feeding, washing and liquid discharge pipe. Table shows that with the pressure filter and control the back-channel pressure filtration. If divide-crowded press, the layout of compressed air pipe. 5, hydraulic filter, hydraulic station into the fuel tank 20#-40# of hydraulic mechanical cleaning oil，temperature> -5 ℃, If the low temperature environment, the choice of similar viscosity and low pour point of hydraulic oil. 6, mechanical or hydraulic clamping device, connected to the electrical power supply should start work right. When pressurized hydraulic clamping pressure gauges should be a steady upswing, no discharge of the hydraulic system, according to model the correct size adjustment pressure hydraulic station, after the test oil storage tank if found to be inadequate added. Pay attention to the use of maintenance matters 1, Debugging normal filter can feed work, a class before work on the complete machine for comprehensive inspection. Mechanical compaction transmission gear box components and lubricants, must foot, hydraulic clamping review oil storage tank and hydraulic pressure points, hydraulic oil every year to replace a general, replacement of the hydraulic system when the response to - the thorough cleansing, hydraulic pressure points less than the maximum working pressure of the fuel tank, but not less than the minimum allowable value filtration pressure, the greater would be too small leakage, mechanical damage to the General Assembly. 2, prohibits the plates less than the specified quantity of boot factory work to avoid damage to the engine. Feeder plates are checked before the situation can not have folded in cloth to prevent larger leakage; after unloading cake plates must be close to clamping neat. 3, to be normal after all be clamping plates Pressure Filter, temperature and pressure filtration filters must be provided within the scope of, filter pressure will cause excessive leakage, high temperature plastic plates filter easy deformation, When the suspension to feed concentration uniform. There should be no mixing of; after dumping the pie plates and cloth must be clean, not paste residue in the sealing surface or feed channel, Otherwise, feed flow will be affected and the sealing plates, which causes plates on both sides of the pressure imbalance, leading to deformation of plates damage. 4, the choice of filter cloth filter propeller must be in line with the requirements of filtering technology, new cloth produced prior shrink, opening aperture diameter should be less than plates, matching plates, cloth-hole plate and should be relatively Care, feed simple way of the Wall should be Tiejin. Will be the result of unclear filtration, filtration rate low, cloth tube rupture, and not have the anticipated consequences of filtering purposes. 5, the initial filter in the filtration, filter more turbid, when the cloth layer formed on the cake after the filtrate will be clean. If filtrate turbidity has been changed or mixed, damage may be a cloth or cloth-hole deviation of the plate, at this time to close the valve or replace the filter cloth to stop feeding. Filter plates allow inter-capillary phenomenon caused by a small amount of leakage. 6, moving plates, the force should be appropriate uniform, not collision, tempering, And avoid damage to the sealing surface of the filter wrench. Filter will be used for a period of time, acting like performance decline, This is subject to periodic inspections, if it changes affect filtration rate phenomenon, this is subject to periodic inspections, if it changes affect filtration rate phenomenon, It can be correspondingly low concentration of weak acid Alkalescent ongoing and cleansing, cloth to restore function, unable to restore the timely replacement. 7, paste, liquid or compressed air valves, must be operational by the opening of not opening at the same time, divide crowded press, the pressure of not more than compressed air pressure filter. Filter Scope Industry: dyes, pigments, caustic soda, soda ash, salt chlor-alkali soil, white carbon black, saponin, graphite, bleaching powder, legislation in the powder, phosphor, potassium chlorate, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and sulfuric acid silver, barium sulfate, iron oxide, water purifying agent (aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, basic aluminum chloride) Chinese medicine: Antibiotics (Aureomycin, erythromycin, Spiramycin, Jinggangmeisu, Midecamycin, tetracycline, berberine, oxytetracycline) Phytin, Chinese medicine, stock alcohol, derived growth yarn, organic phosphorus, and glucoamylase. Food: wine, fruit juices, beverages, beer, yeast, plant protein, glucose, maltose, starch, sugar, starch, MSG, spices, sauce fluid, oral liquid, soy milk, seaweed, and so on. Metallurgical: gold, silver, copper, iron ore, zinc and other rare earth powder processing. Refinery: white oil, sesame oil, naphtha, glycerol, machine oil, vegetable oil. Clay: senior citizens soil and bentonite, active soil, porcelain clay, electronic ceramics soil. Sewage Treatment: Chemical sewage effluent smelting, electroplating wastewater, sewage leather, printing and dyeing sewage effluent brewing, pharmaceutical wastewater, paper sewage effluent life and environmental protection industries Filter can be divided into Frame Filter Press and the two Van filter, as a solid-liquid separation equipment, used in industrial production has a long history, it has a good effect from wide adaptability, particularly for small viscosity materials separation, have their own unique advantages. Structural Principle: Filter structure consists of three parts: 1, rack: Rack is the basis of filter components, the two ends are thrust plate and clamping head, The two sides will be connected to the beam, girders to support plates, a presser plate and frame filter. A, and thrust plate: it will be connected with the bearing of a filter sit landed on the ground, Van Filter Thrust Plate is middle-feed ,four corners there are four hole, the hole is at 16.20 squeeze washing fluid or gas imports, For export under 16.20 (undercurrent of filtrate or export) B, clamping plate: filter box for clamping plates, on both sides of the wheel to support a presser plate girders rolling on the track. C, Beam: load-bearing structures, the use of environmental preservation in accordance with the requirements of, Choice of rigid PVC, polypropylene, stainless steel, or the new anti-corrosion coating, such as paint coating. 2, clamping agency: manual clamping, mechanical clamping, hydraulic clamping. A 、Manual presser: a spiral mechanical jack plates will be promoting the presser plate compactor. B 、Mechanical clamping: Pressing bodies from the motor (advanced configuration Overload Protection) reducer, gear pay a fixed screw and nut components. Clamping, motor is transferred, led reducer, vice gear, fixed wire to screw in the home in rotation, will be promoting the clamping plates plate, the filter box compactor. When the clamping of the increasingly large, the electrical load current increases, When protection is set to the current value, the maximum clamping force, the electrical power supply cut off, and stop turning, screw and fixed wire mother with reliable self-locking helix angle can work to ensure reliable in the process of clamping state, return, motor reversal, when a presser board Press, conflict with pressure to stop return trip when the switch. C, hydraulic clamping: hydraulic clamping by the composition of hydraulic stations, fuel tanks, Pistons, Rod and piston rod clamping plate connections with the hydraulic station Hafulan card structure and composition are: Motors, pumps, relief valve (regulating pressure) directional control valve, pressure gauge, Oil, the fuel tank. Hydraulic clamping mechanical clamping, By the station for the high-pressure hydraulic oil, fuel tanks and Pistons a cavity filled with oil components, When the clamping force to the pressure relief valve setting value (manometer indicators show), plates, the filter frame (plate and frame-type) or plates (Van) presser, begin unloading relief valve, then cut off the electrical power supply, clamping action completed return, reversing valve for the pressure oil into the cylinder rod cavity, when the hydraulic compactor overcome the friction plate, clamping plate began to return. Hydraulic clamping pressure for the automatic security, the clamping force is controlled by electrical contacts pressure gauges, manometer ceiling will be lower guidelines pointer and set numerical requirements of the process, clamping force to the limit pressure gauges, power cut, the pumps stop electricity, As oil system may have caused the leakage and leakage compactor decline, when the pressure gauges to limit pointer, Power connected and pump oil beginning, the pressure to limit power supply cut off, stop dispensing pumps, filtration cycle to achieve guarantee materials in the process of clamping forces and their effects. 3, filter bodies Filter plates from institutions, filter box, cloth, squeezing divide composed of plates coated on both sides of the cloth, configured to squeeze divide, a group of plates from the plate and sides of divide. Divide the substrate plate coated on both sides of the rubber diaphragm, the diaphragm outside coated cloth, That the boards of ordinary plates. Thrust materials from the board when the filter material into the hole room, Solid particles larger than its size filter media (cloth) was trapped in the filter pore size room, filtrate plates from the bottom of the hole outflow of fluid. Cake siphoning need, in addition to divide Press, also use compressed air or steam from the mouth-wash all, cake-flow to the water in order to reduce the moisture content of cake. （1）filter: out of the way clear filtrate flow filter and filter undercurrent. A, the flow filtration: Each plates from the bottom of the hole with water Tsui, filtrate water directly from the muzzle, outflow. B, undercurrent filter: Each plates from the bottom of a channel pore fluid, a number of pieces of plates of a hole with a liquid into a channel from the bottom of the Thrust Plate Liquid-linked from the pipeline. (2) Washing: Cake need washing, washing sometimes one-way and two-way flow washing, washing undercurrent of one-way and two-way washing. A, the one-way flow wash, lotion from the Thrust Plate lotion were entered into the hole, through the filter cloth board, None hole plates outflow, then there are the orifice Tsui liquid water is off, no orifice of liquid water tsui is open state. B, the two-way flow wash, lotion Thrust board from the sides of the lotion into the hole twice washing, that the lotion to first side conglingyice washing detergent, lotion with the export import diagonal direction, it is also called the two-way cross-washing. C, a one-way flow undercurrents, lotion from the Thrust Plate lotion were entered into a hole orifice, through the cloth again through the filter cake, never outflow hole plates. D, two-way undercurrent lotion is washed from the sides of the board only two lotion into the hole twice washing, that the first side of washing detergent, then Conglingyice washing, Lotion is the diagonal direction of exports, called undercurrent two-way cross-washing. (3) Filter: Filter is a main filter media, the selection and use of filter cloth, have a decisive effect on the filter of the role and use of materials, according to the filtering of PH, solid factors such as tablets radius appropriate choice of cloth material and aperture to ensure that the cost and efficiency, use, we should not discount formation guarantee cloth, clear aperture. Along with the global energy, the environmental protection profession swift and violent development, profession and so on food, medicament, biochemistry, metallurgy, coal high is pure, the high grade demand and the economical globalization, filters with separates the mechanic calindustry more and more to receive various countries' the value, filtered with separates the machinery to enter the high speed development orbit, but the filter press was one kind inter mitten filters the splitter, mainly carried on the solid fluid two to separate the operation, widely used in profession and so on the micalin dustry, metallurgy, drugs manufacture. Simultaneously the filter press biggest superiority is the positive pressure, the high-pressure dintensity of pressure dehydration, is much bigger compared with the traditional vacuum filter differential pressure, thus filters the cake moisture lowly, energy consumption few, the metal flows ,filtrates limpidly is transparent. But the filter press hydraulic system also has the hydraulic trans mission energy consumption high, the noise is high and shortcoming and so on oil leak, we must perform to improve can adapt the environmental protection and the sustainable development request, enhances its and electrical, the mechanical drive competitive ability. Therefore we should hold the opportunity, meets the challenge, enhances strong points and avoid weaknesses, found own developments pace Through this time designs raises our thought ability with to solve the question ability, synthesizes solves each kind of problem as well as the development innovation ability using the computer and the alternative means which in the design meets, causes us to synthesize the knowledge which the utilization studies to solve the project actual problem. The present paper selected topic for the board frame type acrylic fiber filter press hydraulic control system renewal transformation project, through to the present domestic and foreign filter presses control system level of development analysis, the union break down diagnosis in the hydraulic system the applied research development present situation, leaks rubber major failure in view of the original filter press, guarantees presses the ability to be bad, and so on the phenomenon, discovers the influence system operating performance the factor, and according to these measures and the factory actual request, proposed a series of filter presses industrial automation transformation plan. Through to the original filter press hydraulic system design flaw, the breakdown phenomenon as well as the concrete technical process analysis, uses modernized design method and so on simplification design , energy conservation design, the design hydraulic pressure fast strictly locates the return route and automatically discharges the return route, and way which unifies by the electrical automation control technology and the hydraulic pressure technology, has realized the filter press industrial automation and the energy conservation. In the multianalysis filter press hydraulic system each Yuan part function , the use power linkage chart method establishment entire hydraulic system mathematical model, and carries on the simulation control using the PLC electric circuit to the hydraulic system. Filter widely used in the petroleum, chemical, mining, medicine and other sectors, and play an important role，from 1965 China's first coal preparation plant in the box-type filter has been applied, the only operator in the coal preparation industry in China has more than 400 applications Taiwan. Filter back the origin of Europe is the use of the first filter, In Germany and the United Kingdom widely used in the coal industry, the chemical industry, medical industry, and other industries, After 100 years of development, the new generation of filter appeared in succession, technology continues to increase. Filter the working principle is to use pressure pumps, hydraulic slurry will be two adjacent plates formed into an enclosed