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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ)大題精做04Globalwarming含解析新人教版選修 I. 完形填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Today the scientific munity is in almost total agreement that the earth’s climate is changing and that this represents a huge threat to the planet and to us. According to a survey, with only 69% accepting the earth is warming— only 1/4 Americans see global warming as a major threat, public opinion 1 the scientific conclusion. Climate scientists and campaigners have long debated how to better municate the message to nonexperts so that climate science can be 2 into action. According to Christopher Rapley, the usual tactic(策略) of climate experts to provide the public with information isn’t 3 because ＂it does not address key potential causes.＂ We are all exposed to the evidence of climate change on an almost a daily basis. The information is almost 4 . Then what’s wrong? 5 our brains. Daniel Gilbert mentioned our brains’ failure to accurately notice gradual change. Robert Gifford also __6__ the point about our brains’ difficulty in grasping climate change because of limited cognition and social __7__ with other people (＂Why should we change if X won’t?＂) .＂ A more powerful barrier is the 8 of perceived(感知的) behavioral control; ‘I’ m only one person; what can I do ?’ is certainly a big one.＂ For many, the first challenge will be in recognizing barriers 9 they can overe them. But for those of us who understand that climate change is a problem yet make little effort to cut the number of overseas trips we make or the amount of meat we consume, neither the uncaring attitude nor denial really explains the 10 between our actions and beliefs. Lertzman has e to the conclusion that the conflict between __11 _ both the planet and our way of life is too painful to bear. ＂When we don’t 12 the pain of that, that’s when we get 13 and can’t move forward.＂ Lertzman refers to this 14 as ＂environmental melancholia(憂郁癥),＂ and points out that there’s a lot to be said for providing a means 15 acceptable to talk about.＂ Rosemary Randall suggests that climate change is such a(n) 16 subject that it ＂can raise fears and anxieties that people feel have no 17 in polite conversation.＂ Lertzman says the munity has been slow to realize the value of psychology. Gifford says otherwise, __18__ —＂climate change, and not mental health, is the biggest psychological problem＂. Despite the pain, shame, difficulty in fully addressing climate change, both Lertzman and Gifford are still __19__ about our ability to face up to the challenge. ＂There can’t be anything about the human mind that stops us struggling with these issues given that so many people 20 are — maybe that’s what we should be focusing on instead.＂ says Lertzman. 1. A. accounts for B. falls behind C. wishes for D. leaves behind 2. A. translated B. sprung C. forced D. sent 3. A. revolutionary B. detailed C. popular D. enough 4. A. unreliable B. unbearable C. unacceptable D. unavoidable 5. A. Submit B. Control C. Blame D. Curse 6. A. picks up on B. gets down to C. throws back on D. looks up to 7. A. connections B. parisons C. petence D. development 8. A. sense B. problem C. lack D. effect 9. A. if B. though C. before D. since 10. A. relationship B. disagreement C. gap D. balance 11. A. caring about B. taking on C. fighting against D. putting away 12. A. feel B. process C. remember D. hide 13. A. hit B. puzzled C. stuck D. stressed 14. A. conflict B. event C. hesitation D. inability 15. A. socially B. environmentally C. culturally D. morally 16. A. plex B. controversial C. awkward D. disturbing 17. A. idea B. goal C. place D. choice 18. A. somehow B. however C. therefore D. either 19. A. optimistic B. concerned C. cheerful D. encouraged 20. A. equally B. still C. especially D. already II. 閱讀理解 A（xx新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ） A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸餾器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only ponents required, though, are a 5＇5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圓錐體) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸發(fā)) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive. C. It’s plex. . D. It’s portable. 2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole. D. The cup. 3. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still? A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place. C. Weight the sheet’s center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 4. When a solar still works, drops of water e into the cup from . A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheet B Its most keen advocates say that global warming is gradually ruining our parts of our planet. But the effects of the phenomenon might be felt more positively a little closer to home, after scientists claimed that it would make flowers smell sweeter. Some flowers could give out a smell that is nine times more fragrant than they currently produce, according to a report. It says that a temperature increase of between 1℃ and 5℃ will vastly increase the ability of flowers to produce their sweet smells. The study suggests that plants are able to produce more terpenes (萜烯) — the chemicals that give them their smells — in hotter conditions. Despite the environmental risk linked to climate change, the effect on flowers could also help bee populations as the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate. It also found that the effect could be more significant in cooler countries such as the UK and would have a strong impact on fruit trees. The findings e as the unseasonably warm autumn weather this year has led to reports that plants are being "tricked" into blooming early. Guy Barter described the findings as interesting and said it could have a significant effect on lightly scented flowers. "We think about climate change in terms of rising temperatures and sea levels, but there are more delicate potential effects which we have not thought about," he said. Last year, experts warned the average global temperature had risen by 0.5℃ in 50 years. They predicted temperatures will increase by 3℃ over the next century, causing a rise in sea levels, flooding, disease outbreaks and mass migration of refugees (難民). The researchers looked at a variety of plants. In the paper the researchers said, "The species with the highest increases in emissions were those with the lowest fragrance rates. The increases calculated for floral terpene emissions show that very significant increases in the amount of floral scents will likely occur in a warmer world. The rates of floral terpene emission by the end of the century could increase 0.34—9.1 times because of a 5℃ increase in the average maximum temperature during the flowering peak of the season." 5. We can infer from the text that in England . A. plants bore more fruits in autumn this year B. the seasons weren’t in order this whole year C. the autumn of this year was a little cooler D. plants began to produce flowers early in autumn this year 6. What Barter said indicates that . A. every coin has two sides B. a miss is as good as a mile C. don’t claim to know what you don’t know D. don’t put the cart before the horse 7. The last paragraph implies that in hotter conditions . A. plants will have the lowest fragrance rates B. plants will send more sweeter chemicals C. plants will suffer the rising temperature D. plants will finish their flowering peak soon 8. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Will plants produce more chemicals in the future? B. Is it easier to find sweeter flowers everywhere? C. Could global warming make flowers smell sweeter? D. Do flowers smell stronger in the cold temperature? Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法填空 Walking down the city streets, you look up and see 1 　red telephone box. Behind it, on the road, a big red double-floor bus passes by, 2 　(carry) citizens and tourists. This is London. And the red is what the city is famous 3 　. Modern transportation has changed the way we lead our lives. One important means of transport has been the bus. In London, buses take on a bigger role. They are used to visit the city. Red tourist buses have open 　4　(roof), which let people take photos, have an amazing view of the city and enjoy 　5 　(them) as they drive past Big Ben, the Thames and so on. But how did the bus bee unique to London culture? Horse-drawn buses enjoy a history of more than 180 years. They 　6 (use) in London since 1829. By the early 20th century, motor-buses were driving around London. Bus panies used different colors at the time. One of the 　7 　(big) panies chose red because the bright colour made 　8 　easy for the citizens to pick out the bus. In 1933, when London transport was grouped into a single pany, they chose the most 　9 　(wide)used color at the time-red. And so the color red stayed in London. But it was in the mid-1950s 　10 　the red double-floor was born. Its name is the Routemaster. Built between 1954 and 1968, they still look traditional. Like they have been frozen in time. Ⅳ. 短文改錯(cuò) 假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(/\)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞； 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉； 修改：在錯(cuò)詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 Last weekend, my classmate and I went on a camping trip near the river. It was not long distance, so we chose to get here by bike. We started with early in the morning. On the way, we talked about that we saw around. It takes about half an hour to get to the place. On arriving, some girls sat down, had her breakfast and listened to the birds sings. Some admired the river while others drew pictures. My friends and I found a quietly place and went fishing. To our surprise, we got much fishes. Time passed so quickly and we had to say goodbye. I enjoyed the pleasant or exciting trip. Ⅴ. 書面表達(dá) 假設(shè)你曾是一名失學(xué)兒童，名叫李華，你有幸得到在中國(guó)工作的Peter先生的資助得以重返校園。你給Peter先生寫一封感謝信，內(nèi)容如下： (1)收到錢和書后重返校園，非常感激。 (2)在老師的幫助和鼓勵(lì)下學(xué)習(xí)有了很大的進(jìn)步，決定更加努力，未來要向Peter先生學(xué)習(xí)。 (3)再次表達(dá)感謝并盼望見到Peter先生。 注意： 1. 詞數(shù)100左右； 2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3. 倌的開頭和落款已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Mr. Peter, I often think of you. How have you been recently? Im Li Hua. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua I. 完形填空 【文章大意】本文講述的是人們對(duì)氣候變化應(yīng)該抱有一種健康積極的心態(tài)。 1. B accounts for＂占……比例＂；falls behind＂落后于＂；wishes for＂祝福＂；leaves behind＂留下＂。根據(jù)前面的內(nèi)容可知人們的觀點(diǎn)是落后于科學(xué)結(jié)論的。故選B。 2. A translated＂轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椋ⅲ籹prung＂蹦跳＂；forced＂強(qiáng)迫＂；sent＂送＂。translate into＂轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?，句意：以便氣候科學(xué)能被轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾袆?dòng)。故選A。 意：羅伯特吉福德還注意到一點(diǎn)。故選A。 7. B connections＂關(guān)系＂；parisons＂比較＂；petence＂能力＂； development＂發(fā)展＂。parisons with＂與……的比較＂。句意：有限的認(rèn)知和與其他人的社會(huì)比較。故選B。 8. C sense＂意識(shí)＂；problem＂問題＂；lack＂缺乏＂；effect＂影響＂。句意：一個(gè)更強(qiáng)大的障礙是感知行為控制的缺乏。故選C。 9. C if＂如果＂；though＂雖然＂；before＂在……之前＂；since＂自從＂。對(duì)許多人來說，第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)就是在克服障礙之前認(rèn)識(shí)到障礙。故選C。 10. B relationship ＂關(guān)系＂；disagreement＂意見不同，不一致＂；gap＂間隙＂；balance＂平衡＂。句意： 冷漠的態(tài)度和否認(rèn)都解釋了我們行動(dòng)和信仰之間的不一致。故選B。 11. A caring about＂關(guān)心＂；taking on＂承擔(dān)＂；fighting against＂對(duì)抗，反對(duì)＂；putting away＂放好；拋棄＂。句意：Lertzman得出了一個(gè)結(jié)論，忍受關(guān)心地球和關(guān)心我們生活的方式之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)太痛苦了。故選A。 12. B feel＂感覺＂；process＂處理，加工＂；remember＂記得＂；hide＂隱藏，隱瞞＂。句意：當(dāng)我們不處理那樣的痛苦的時(shí)候，就是我們被卡住不能前進(jìn)的時(shí)候。故選B。 13. C hit＂打擊，襲擊＂；puzzled＂困惑的，茫然的＂；stuck＂被卡住的，不能動(dòng)的＂；stressed＂緊張的；感到有壓力的＂。句意：當(dāng)我們不處理那樣的痛苦的時(shí)候，就是我們被卡住不能前進(jìn)的時(shí)候。故選C。 14. D conflict＂沖突，矛盾＂；event＂事件，大事＂；hesitation＂猶豫＂；inability＂無能力，無才能＂。句意：Lertzman把這種無能為力稱作憂郁癥。故選D。 15. A socially＂在社會(huì)上，在社交方面，善于交際地＂；environmentally＂有關(guān)環(huán)境方面地＂；culturally＂從文化角度，文化意義上，在人文學(xué)方面＂；morally＂道德上，有道德地，確實(shí)地＂。句意：還指出，對(duì)于提供一種被社會(huì)廣泛接受的談?wù)摰姆椒?，還有很多需要講的。故選A。 16. D plex＂復(fù)雜的，合成的＂；controversial＂有爭(zhēng)議的，有爭(zhēng)論的＂；awkward＂尷尬的，笨拙的，棘手的，不合適的＂；disturbing＂令人不安的，煩擾的＂。句意：Rosemary Randall提出氣候變化是一個(gè)＂會(huì)引起恐懼和和擔(dān)憂的、人們感覺不應(yīng)該在禮貌的交談中發(fā)生的＂主題。故選D。 17. C idea＂想法，主意，概念＂；goal ＂目標(biāo)，球門，得分?jǐn)?shù)，終點(diǎn)＂；place＂地方，住所，座位＂；choice＂選擇，選擇權(quán)，精選品＂。have no place in＂不應(yīng)該發(fā)生＂。句意：Rosemary Randall提出氣候變化是一個(gè)＂會(huì)引起恐懼和和擔(dān)憂的、人們感覺不應(yīng)該在禮貌的交談中發(fā)生的＂主題。故選C。 18. B somehow＂以某種方法＂；however＂無論以何種方式＂；therefore＂因此；所以＂；either＂任何一個(gè)＂。故選B。 19. A optimistic＂樂觀的，樂觀主義的＂；concerned＂有關(guān)的，關(guān)心的＂cheerful＂快樂的，愉快的，高興的＂；encouraged＂受到鼓舞的＂。句意：盡管在充分地提出氣候變化中有痛苦、羞愧和困難，Lertzman和Gifford仍然對(duì)我們面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的能力很樂觀。故選A。 20. D equally＂同樣地，相等地，平等地，公平地＂；still＂仍然，更，靜止地＂；especially＂特別，尤其，格外＂；already＂已經(jīng)，早已，先前＂。句意：鑒于這么多的人已經(jīng)是了——或許那才是我們應(yīng)該集中精力的地方。故選D。 II. 閱讀理解 A 2. B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity 可知最好在潮濕的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率?！敖铀鳌敝傅氖窃诔睗竦牡胤酵诙?，在洞的 底部放一個(gè)杯子，杯子上方用膜覆蓋，整個(gè)裝置構(gòu)成接水器，而不是某個(gè)部分。這一題很容易錯(cuò)選D， 但是就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事實(shí)并不會(huì)因?yàn)橹車h(huán)境的變化而變化， 杯子的工作效率是不變的。故選B。 3. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.可知最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock(放一塊石頭在覆蓋膜的中間，把它壓下去)，故選C。 4. D【解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸發(fā)) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知地下水蒸發(fā)，在覆蓋膜上聚集起來， 直到形成小水滴落在杯子里，覆蓋膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里，所以水滴是凝聚在覆蓋膜的 下面。故選D。 B 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。全球變暖帶來的海平面上升、生物鏈斷裂、颶風(fēng)、海嘯等危害數(shù)不勝數(shù),但令人意想不到的是,它可能還有好的一面。 7. B【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"The increases calculated for floral terpene emissions show that very significant increases in the amount of floral scents will likely occur in a warmer world"可知,經(jīng)過研究發(fā) 現(xiàn),將來在更溫暖的世界里,花香的量將大大增加。 8. C【解析】考查標(biāo)題判斷。本文主要介紹了植物能夠在溫度較高的環(huán)境中分泌更多產(chǎn)生香氣的萜烯。氣溫 上升到1℃到5℃時(shí)能夠極大地增強(qiáng)花朵產(chǎn)生香甜氣味的能力。在全球氣候變暖的影響下,一些花朵的氣 味甚至比原來香甜了9倍。故C項(xiàng)最適合作文章的標(biāo)題。 Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法填空 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章對(duì)英國(guó)倫敦的公交車為什么選擇紅色作為裝飾顏色進(jìn)行了介紹。 1. a 考查冠詞。此處指“一個(gè)紅色的電話亭”。red是輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。 2. carrying 考查非謂語(yǔ)。句子有謂語(yǔ)passes by，主語(yǔ)a big red double-floor bus與carry之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系， 所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故填carrying。 3. for 考查介詞。此處表示“倫敦因?yàn)榧t色而出名”，運(yùn)用be famous for…短語(yǔ)。故填for。 4. roofs 考查名詞。根據(jù)前面的buses可知，此處用復(fù)數(shù)，指公交車的車頂。故填roofs。 5. themselves 考查代詞。enjoy oneself是固定搭配，指“玩得高興”。故填themselves。 6. have been used 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since 1829可知，本句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語(yǔ)they指代 Horse-drawn buses，與use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填have been used。 7. biggest 考查形容詞。此處指最大的公司之一；one of the+形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填biggest。 8. it 考查代詞。在此it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是for the citizens to pick out the bus。故填it。 9. widely 考查副詞。此處指“最廣泛使用的顏色”，修飾形容詞used用副詞。故填widely。 10. that 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。本句運(yùn)用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句式“it is/ was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+句子其他部分”，在此強(qiáng)調(diào)了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) “in the mid-1950s”。故填that。 Ⅳ. 短文改錯(cuò) Last weekend, my and I went on a camping trip near the river. It was not long distance, so we chose to get here by bike. We started with early in the morning. On the way, we talked about we saw around. It about half an hour to get to the place. On arriving, some girls sat down, had breakfast and listened to the birds . Some admired the river while others drew pictures. My friends and I found a place and went fishing. To our surprise, we got fishes. Time passed so quickly and we had to say goodbye. I enjoyed the pleasant exciting trip. 【解析】 引導(dǎo)該賓語(yǔ)從句；而that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，且沒有意義。故將that改為what。 5. 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last weekend可知，本文講述過去發(fā)生的事情，該句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故將takes改為took。 6. 考查代詞。本句主語(yǔ)為some girls，所以物主代詞要用their。故將her改為their。 7. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞listened to，故此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，sing與其邏輯主語(yǔ)birds為主謂關(guān)系，故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示鳥正在唱歌。故將sings改為singing。 8. 考查形容詞。此處修飾名詞place，應(yīng)用形容詞，故將quietly改為quiet。 9. 考查不定代詞。fishes此處指魚，不是魚肉，是可數(shù)名詞其前用many修飾。故將much改為many。 10. 考查連詞。 pleasant與exciting之間為并列關(guān)系，故將or改為and。 Ⅴ.書面表達(dá) Dear Mr. Peter, I often think of you. How have you been recently? Im Li Hua. I am writing to express my deepest gratitude for the money and books you sent me. I could not have returned to school without your help. Thank you so much. I have been working hard since I went back to school and greatprogress has been made in my studies with the help of my teachers who often encourage me. But for your help, I might have left school and couldnt have got such a good education. I havemade up my mind to study harder and make greater progress so as to be a great person as you.zxx？&k I would like to meet you in person, but I havent got an opportunity. Grateful for your generous help, I am looking forward to seeing you. Hope you getting on with your life and work. Yours Sincerely, Li Hua