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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit1 短文改錯解題技巧指導(dǎo)教案 譯林牛津版必修4 短文改錯的解題基本思路應(yīng)該是： 一．通篇閱讀語篇,整體把握短文意思,始終以理解為主線,以上下文為依據(jù)找出句中的錯誤。許多時候，就某一行或某一句單獨而言常常難以判斷其正確與否，錯誤何在，故必須以全篇為一整體才可對該句或者對該行作出判斷。 二．以句為單位，找行中錯誤，開始答題時要把每一行都看成有錯來判斷（錯詞、多詞、缺詞），而判斷的依據(jù)一定是上下文，最小單位是一個完整的句子。具體解題過程中，應(yīng)該注意把握下列幾個方面的一致問題： 一)．時態(tài)一致 對時態(tài)的考查是歷年高考短文改錯題必考的考點之一,一般為一到兩題.主要檢查考生是否具有判斷短文中謂語動詞的時態(tài)與上下文、特定語言環(huán)境及該句的時間狀語是否保持了呼應(yīng)與一致的能力。 例1． I remembered her words and calm down.(NMET00)根據(jù)上文中的 remembered 得知 時間是在過去，所以 calm 的時態(tài)應(yīng)與上文保持一致，應(yīng)該改為 calmed。 例2．Time passes quickly. Evening came. (NMET03)通篇的時態(tài)是過去時，所以應(yīng)把passes改為passed. 二)．主謂一致 謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上是否與主語保持一致。 例1．Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(NMET00)my picture and the prize是 復(fù)數(shù) ，其謂語也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。這里的is 應(yīng)改為are。 例 2．Their word were a great encouragement to me.(NMET03) 此句的主語word與謂語明顯不一致，應(yīng)將 word改為words. 此題也是由謂語反過來判斷主語，是不是現(xiàn)在出題的一種趨向，筆者不敢妄下結(jié)論 。 三)．平行一致 not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…，not …but…以及and, but, or 等并列連詞或詞組連接的結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中，詞性、時態(tài)、短語等形式須保持前后一致。 例1. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (NMET02)依據(jù)平行一致原則，此處非謂語動詞 visiting應(yīng)與前后文的fed ,told保持一致，改為visited. 例2．I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. (NMET03) 此句中的should應(yīng)刪除，并列連詞and前后的形態(tài)應(yīng)該一樣，與前文followed 保持時態(tài)上的平行一致。put過去式和原形一樣。 例3．I liked it very much and reads it to the class.(NMET03)此句and前后應(yīng)一致,read 和like的時態(tài)是一樣的，應(yīng)改為 read 四)．?dāng)?shù)的一致 名詞的數(shù)須與其修飾語保持一致 例 1．On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(NMET02) 由上下文得知拍了許多照片應(yīng)該用take pictures ，應(yīng)把 picture改為pictures. 例 2．She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.(NEMT00) my schoolmate應(yīng)該不止一個。所以要把schoolmate改為schoolmates. 五)．修飾語與中心詞的一致 句中的主要詞（中心詞）應(yīng)與其修飾詞間保持一致。 例 1．…so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.(NMETxx) all 修飾可數(shù)名詞時，其后名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。subject該為subjects。 例 2．What things are in other homes, I wonder.(NMET01) 這里應(yīng)該找一個詞作狀語，修飾整個句子，意為“我想知道其他家庭是怎樣的？”此時應(yīng) 找副詞How才可保持一致。 六)． 代詞數(shù)、性、格的一致 用于指代的各類代詞應(yīng)在數(shù)、性、格上與上下文保持一致。 例 1．The three of them were arrived at the foot of the mountain. (NEMT02) 此短文以第一人稱敘述，三個人指my parents and I, 所以不應(yīng)該用 them 而要用us. 例 2．It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (NMET02) 這里考查限制性定語從句。先行詞noon在從句中作時間狀語， 應(yīng)加when指代上文的noon . 七)．語態(tài)一致 句中謂語動詞或非謂語動詞應(yīng)與上下文語態(tài)保持一致。 例1．Books may be keep for four weeks. (NEMT94) 與其主語Books相對應(yīng)，此處應(yīng)為被動語態(tài)，故keep應(yīng)改 為kept。 例 2 . My father has little time for films .But one day as he was finished his work, he found a film ticket under the glass on the desk. Father 與finish之間是主動關(guān)系。應(yīng)把was 去掉。 八)．搭配一致 句中的固定搭配應(yīng)保持完整并與上下文一致。 例1 ． I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (NMET 00) 后跟從句，保持一致須用so…that結(jié)構(gòu)這一固定搭配。as改 為that. 例2 . My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (NMET03) keep a diary 是固定搭配， 應(yīng)把改為 a。 例 3．Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.(NMET03) enjoy doing\express oneself是固定搭配。應(yīng)把talk改為 talking; me 改為myself 以上為正面考固定搭配，有時考題恰恰利用我們對固定搭配的思維定勢來擾亂我們的思路，反面考固定搭配。如： 例 4.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(NMET02)at the moment為固定搭配，學(xué)生誤認為是正確的，其實 the moment是名詞短語引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。所以要把 at 去掉。 同理：We may be one family and live under the same roof ,but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together(MENT01) 應(yīng)把about去掉。 The time passed quickly .Evening came down.把down去掉。 九)．邏輯一致 這是一種隱蔽性較強且?？嫉目键c之一，檢查時應(yīng)通篇考慮，重點在連詞、代詞，肯定與否定，及相對應(yīng)的動詞如 e 與go 等。 例 1．She was smiling but nodding at me.(NMET00) 上下文看，應(yīng)為She---my English teacher微笑且點頭鼓勵 我，but 應(yīng)為and。 例2．I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English(NMET03) 從上文可知, 我總是用漢語思考再把一切譯成英語。所以應(yīng)把 anything 改為everything. 總之，只要同學(xué)們掌握解題技巧，認清以上九個一致.短文改錯將會和其它題型一樣可以取得優(yōu)異的成績。下面就讓我們來實戰(zhàn)一下： Today is No Tobacco Day. I hoped that smokers will give up 1. __________ smoking from now on. Smoking cigarette can lead to heart 2. __________ disease, cancer and the other health problems. As we know now, 3. __________ it does great harm only to smokers themselves, but to those 4. __________ who doesn’t smoke. It is reported that at least three hundred and 5. __________ twenty thousand Americans killed by smoking each year. 6. __________ And about 40 million of Americans continue to smoke cigarettes today. 7. __________ Fortunately, more and more people have e to realize the dangerous 8. __________ of smoking and begin to stop it. As a student, you shouldnt form 9. __________ such a bad habit. Do make your mind to stop smoking if you have 10. _________ started smoking. 高考鏈接 Sunny countries are often poor. A shame, then, that solar power is still quite expensive. Eight19, a British pany by Cambridge University, has, however, invented a novel way to get round this. In return for a deposit of around $10 it is supplying poor Kenyan families with a solar cell able to generate 2.5 watts of electricity, a battery that can deliver a three amp（安培） current to store this electricity, and a lamp whose bulb is a light-emitting diode（二極管）. The firm thinks that this system, once the battery is fully charged, is enough to light two small rooms and to power a mobile-phone charger for seven hours. Then, next day, it can be put outside and charged back up again. The trick is that, to be able to use the electricity, the systems keeper must buy a scratch card—for as little as a dollar—on which is printed a reference number. The keeper sends this reference, plus the serial number of the household solar unit, by SMS to Eight19. The panys server will respond automatically with an access code to the unit. Users may consider that they are paying an hourly rate for their electricity. In fact, they are paying off the cost of the unit. After buying around $80 worth of scratch cards—which Eight19 expects would take the average family around 18 months—the user will own it. He will then have the option of continuing to use it for nothing, or of trading it in for a bigger one, perhaps driven by a 10-watt solar cell. In that case, he would go then through the same process again, paying off the additional cost of the upgraded kit at a slightly higher rate. Users would therefore increase their electricity supply steadily and affordably. According to Eight19s figures, this looks like a good deal for customers. The firm believes the average energy-starved Kenyan spends around $10 a month on oil—enough to fuel a couple of smoky lamps—plus $2 on charging his mobile phone in the market-place. Regular users of one of Eight19s basic solar units will spend around half that, before owning it pletely. Meanwhile, as the cost of solar technology falls, it should get even cheaper. 41. The underlined word “get round” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _______ . A. make use of B. e up with C. look into D. deal with 【答案】D 【解析】詞義猜測題。make use of利用； e up with想出； look into調(diào)查； deal with處理。根據(jù)solar power is still quite expensive及Eight19, a British pany by Cambridge University, has, however, invented a novel way to因為太陽能仍然很貴，所以Eight19發(fā)明了一個新的方法來解決這個問題，故選D。 42. What should the user do when the electricity in the battery is used up? A. Buy a scratch card. B. Recharge it outside. C. Buy another solar cell. D. Return it to the pany. 【答案】B 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Then, next day, it can be put outside and charged back up again.可知沒有電了，你可以把它放在外面重新充電，故選A。 43. How much would users pay for the cell and scratch cards before they own a 2.5-watt solar cell? A. Around $10. B. Around $80. C. Around $90. D. Around $180. 【答案】C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章1,3段After buying around $80 worth of scratch cards—which Eight19 expects would take the average family around 18 months—the user will own it. 和In return for a deposit of around $10 it is supplying poor Kenyan families with a solar cell able to generate 2.5 watts of electricity可知在你擁有這些之前，你要花費90元。故選C。 44. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ____________. A. Kenyan families would find it difficult to afford the solar cell B. using the solar cell would help Kenyan families save money C. few Kenyan families use mobile phones for lack of electricity D. the pany will make a great profit from selling solar cells 【答案】B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段The firm believes the average energy-starved Kenyan spends around $10 a month on oil—enough to fuel a couple of smoky lamps—plus $2 on charging his mobile phone in the market-place. Regular users of one of Eight19s basic solar units will spend around half that, before owning it pletely. Meanwhile, as the cost of solar technology falls, it should get even cheaper.可知這樣做會讓太陽能的成本降低，會給肯尼亞的人來到好處。故選B。 45. What might be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Solar Energy: Starting from Scratch. B. Eight19: a creative British pany. C. Kenyan Families: Using Solar Energy for Free. D. Poor Countries: Beginning to Use Solar Energy. 【答案】A 【解析】標題歸納題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段內(nèi)容可知本文講述的是Eight19,這家英國的公司所采用的使用太陽能的一種新的方法，故選A。