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2019-2020年高二部分 3-4高考閱卷現(xiàn)場(chǎng) 大綱人教版 問(wèn)題三：詞義猜測(cè)和細(xì)節(jié)理解類常見問(wèn)題 高考閱讀理解中比重最大也是比較基礎(chǔ)的題型就是詞義猜測(cè)和細(xì)節(jié)理解題，這類題是考生爭(zhēng)取的重點(diǎn)，它要求考生快速而準(zhǔn)確地獲取信息，從而拿到最基本的分?jǐn)?shù)?？忌畛Ｒ姷膯?wèn)題就是見到生單詞就頭腦發(fā)蒙，無(wú)法從已知信息中找到有用的線索，從而造成失分。因?yàn)楸竟?jié)內(nèi)容較重要，所以我用較多篇幅來(lái)講解一下。 例題精析 【例1】 (xx廣東卷B篇)We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured_up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that tendollar grand prize，each and every one of us. I’m going to spend mine on candies，one hopeful would announce，while another practiced looking serious，wise and rich. (A)The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．formed an idea for B．made an outline for C．made some space for D．chose some colors for 【答案解析】 選擇A。詞義猜測(cè)題。上下句是Some...Others...句子，while we conjured up our designs的對(duì)應(yīng)部分是while deep in thought，可見conjured up的意思是“思考，想象”，所以A項(xiàng)正確。 【例2】 (xx全國(guó)Ⅱ卷A篇)I know what you’re thinking: pizza(比薩餅)? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a．m. if you want to. (A)The word “l(fā)eftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________ A．food remaining after a meal B．things left undone C．meals made of vegetables D．pizza topped with fruit 【答案解析】 選擇A。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線單詞之前的last night’s可以猜測(cè)劃線單詞的意思應(yīng)為“(前一天晚上的)剩飯”?！纠?】 (xx陜西卷A篇)There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our_legs_were_like_jelly. (A)The underlined expression “Our legs were like jelly” probably means ________. A．we were weak B．we were unhappy C．we were dissatisfied D．we were disappointed 【答案解析】 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)There was no shade and our legs were aching可知“我們很累很虛弱”，故A項(xiàng)正確。 【例4】 (xx重慶卷A篇)I arrived at my mother’s home for our Monday family dinner. The smells of food flew over from the kitchen. Mother was pulling out quilt(被子) after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing me their beauties. She was perparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church. When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes, I noticed something at the bottom of on box.. I pulled it out. “What is this？” I asked. “Oh？”Mom said, “That’s Mama’s quilt.” I spread the quilt. It looked at if a group of school children had pieced it together: irrugular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right. (C)1.Why did the author go to mother’s home? A．To see her mother’s quilts B．To help prepare for a show C．To get together for the family dinner D．To discuss her grandmother’s life (C)2.The underlined word “crooked” in the passage most probably means ________. A．unfinished B．broken C．bent D．unusual 【答案解析】 1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章的第一句可知作者回母親家是為了參加家庭聚餐，故C項(xiàng) 正確。 2．詞義猜測(cè)題。前面的情況都與一條好的quilt的特點(diǎn)相反，所以crooked的意思 應(yīng)該和其相反，故C項(xiàng)正確。 【例5】 (xx安徽卷C篇)How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness (保護(hù)帶) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult is to control your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top. Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a plete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can bee stronger. (B)1.The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is ________. A．to tie ropes to your B．to control your fear C．to move away from the wall D．to climb straight up (B)2.The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means ________. A．settlement B．exercise C．excitement D．tiredness 【答案解析】 1．選擇B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)it’s difficult not to feel fear可知，人們?cè)谂蕢r(shí)很 難控制自己的恐懼。 2．選擇B。詞義猜測(cè)題。第二段第一句中exercise點(diǎn)明本詞意義，這種運(yùn)動(dòng)給你 身體完全的鍛煉。 解決方案與指南 閱讀理解中詞義猜測(cè)題和細(xì)節(jié)理解題出題知識(shí)分類總結(jié)如下： 1．詞義猜測(cè)題 (1)常用提問(wèn)方式 ①According to the passage, probably means ________ ②The author uses the word to mean ________ ③What does the underlined word refer to?④The word (phrase, clause，...)．.. refers to (most probable means)．..________ ⑤What does the word...in Para...stand for? ⑥What does the writer mean when he says，“...”？⑦Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word...as it is used in the text? ⑧Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word...? (2)解題方法 猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理 解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)“順 藤摸瓜”，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞、語(yǔ)法、定義、同位、對(duì)比、因果、常識(shí)、上下文等線索確 定詞義。 ①利用定義如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子給予annealing以明確的定義，即“退火”。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is, it will break easily. 從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定語(yǔ)從句中l(wèi)ooks after sheep就表明了herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。 ②結(jié)合同位 如： They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位語(yǔ)部分a large building in old times給出了castle的確切詞義，即“城堡”。 We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a．m.—this week. 兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的短語(yǔ)很清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思③前后對(duì)比 She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一節(jié) 上了一半才來(lái)”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時(shí)一向“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的結(jié)論。 ④巧借構(gòu)詞(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等) Perhaps, we can, see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以判斷possibility意思是“可能性”。 ⑤聯(lián)系因果 The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 從后面的結(jié)果“永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)動(dòng)”中，可以推測(cè)permanent的意思為“永遠(yuǎn)的，永久的”。 2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題 文章絕不是互不相干的句子雜亂無(wú)章地堆砌。作者為文，有脈可循。如記敘文多 以人物為中心，以時(shí)間或空間為線索，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)局展開故事；論 述體則包含論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論三大要素，通過(guò)解釋、舉例來(lái)闡述觀點(diǎn)。你可根據(jù) 文章的特點(diǎn)，詳讀細(xì)節(jié)，以動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件、因果等為線索，找出關(guān)鍵 詞語(yǔ)，從而得出答案。 (1)常用提問(wèn)方式 ①In the passage, which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned? ②It is monly accepted that... ③All the statements are true EXCEPT ______④Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. ⑤The reason for..., is that... ⑥How would you describe the end of...? ⑦Choose the right order of the events given in the following. ⑧Which of the following maps shows the right position of...? ⑨Which statement is true? ⑩What does the writer pay least attention to? (2)解題方法 ①平時(shí)訓(xùn)練應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)帶著問(wèn)題尋找答案的方法②將注意力集中在與who, what, when, where問(wèn)題有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)或數(shù)字方面。 ③略讀材料，大概了解文章，注意作者表例證的詞或短語(yǔ)，如for example, for instance, that is to say, in fact, etc. ④按文章題材，預(yù)測(cè)到何處找自己需要的事實(shí)。 ⑤把主要精力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)，找到后，放慢速度、細(xì)讀要查找的內(nèi)容， 特別注意表因果或轉(zhuǎn)折的詞或短語(yǔ)，如because, for, since, as, therefore, and, as a result; but，however, while, though, yet, on the other hand, etc. 直擊高考與警示 高考閱讀理解文章的材料一般都出自英美國(guó)家閱讀材料原文或作適當(dāng)修改，體現(xiàn)原汁原味。而文章更加注重語(yǔ)言材料的真實(shí)性。