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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類 閱讀理解練習(xí)（1） xx高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解--政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類 Britons may like to plain a lot, but they rarely do so right now, explains BBC writer Ruth Margolis. They would rather grumble (發(fā)牢騷) afterward. This is because Britons hate to put someone out and cause any embarrassment. Margolis writes, “For instance, I’m much more fortable just leaving that piece of raw chicken on my plate instead of plaining to restaurant staff. But beware: if this kind of thing happens when you’re dining with an American, they will most likely speak up on your behalf and not understand why you find this ashamed.” In a BBC blog post paring cultural differences between the UK and the US, Margolis mentions a few other things that Americans like to do that are offensive to Britons. ● Not making introductions Margolis says most Britons dislike this approach because “talking to strangers without being introduced gives them a stomachache”. Americans rarely introduce a new friend to their friends at parties. Strangers are supposed to introduce themselves. ● “Quite” good Using “quite” to mean “very” happens a lot in the US. But if you are invited to a dinner party in Britain, dont describe the meal as “quite good” if you want to express high praise. To Britons’ ears, “quite” detracts from the “good”: the meal was OK but could have been better. ● Money Talk Americans can talk about money subjects for hours without feeling unfortable. For Britons, says Margolis, “Talking about how much we make is unthinkable — even 1ess so than discussing our feelings.” ● Over-politeness “It’s not that I want shop assistants to be actively rude. But neither do I want to expend energy responding to someone whos been paid to ask: ‘How are you today?’” says Margolis. In the US, it is not unusual to be greeted by a perfect stranger as “honey” or “sweetie”. But Margolis says Britons find put-on friendliness, especially in stores, deeply irritating. 【小題1】Margolis’ dining experience in Paragraph 1 shows that_______. A．Britons are particular about foods B．Britons are not good at plaining C．Americans usually plain directly D．Americans plain more than Britons 【小題2】Which of the following might Margolis agree with? A．Britons enjoy talking about their feelings. B．Americans introduce themselves at parties. C．Americans dislike talking to strangers at parties. D．Britons feel happy if treated like close friends. 【小題3】The underlined phrase “detracts from” in the text probably means ____. A．differs greatly from B．increases the quality of C．reduces the strength of D．draws attention away from 【小題4】What does the text mainly talk about? A．How to get on well with westerners. B．How to start conversations with Britons. C．Ruth Margolis’ tips on public behavior. D．Some American habits that annoy Britons. xx高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解--政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類 Amazon. has received a patent(專利) right to send its products to customers by drone planes. The pany is the largest US-based online seller of products by mail and other services. Now, the pany has received a patent for its planned drone delivery system. In March, federal officials allowed Amazon to test its drone delivery plan. But even with a patent and the ability of drones to make deliveries, it does not appear the pany will put its new delivery system in place any time soon. The US Patent Office published the document, which describes Amazon’s plans to use GPS to deliver products to homes and to wherever people are. The drone will use a customer’s mobile device --- usually a smartphone ---to avoid hitting people or buildings and to find a secure area to land. The pany wants to deliver products within 30 minutes after people order them on its website. However, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is worried about the safety. Although it allowed Amazon to test the system, the agency said the operators must be able to see the planes. That greatly limits the delivery area. Loretta Alkalay is a professor at the Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology in New York. Although Amazon is not yet offering drone delivery, Professor Alkalay says it will not be long before it does. She says there are worries that the drones will hit buildings or people, or that the products and drones will be stolen or damaged by people on purpose. But she says that is because many people believe the drones would only deliver the products to the front door of a house. “However, it is possible that homes will one day have special area on their roofs designed to receive product deliveries,” she adds. 【小題1】What is special about the new delivery system? A．It can deliver heavy products by plane. B．It uses planes without human operators. C．It can delivery many products at a time. D．It is much safer than other delivery ways. 【小題2】The underlined word “secure” in Paragraph 3 means “__________”. A．safe B．large C．special D．empty 【小題3】After reading the passage, we can infer that FAA__________ A．doesn’t really like Amazon B．totally support the drone delivery system C．doesn’t think Amazon should get the patent D．doubts about the drone delivery system 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one fulltime job. The two people willingly act as parttime workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a fulltime worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the jobs wages，its holidays and its other benefits. Job sharing differs from conventional(常規(guī)的) parttime work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee mitment. Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing，which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide wellpaid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities. As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carded out in 1988 by Britains Equal Opportunities mission showed that 78 percent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have e up with similar results. Many of these women were reentering the job market after having had children，but they chose not to seek parttime work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into fulltime work after a long absence. The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional oneposition jobs. However，to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be jobshared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals. 本文講述了“job sharing”這一新的工作形式的特征及其要求。 9．In what way is work sharing different from job sharing? A. Work sharing requires more working hours. B. Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs. C. Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary. D. Work sharing depends on the employers decision. 答案：B。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第3段首句中的“work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs...”可知which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾work sharing，由此推出答案。 10．According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional parttime work mainy because ________. A. they sought higher social status B. they were over ideal working ages C. they had difficulty finding fulltime jobs D. they had to take care of both work and family 答案：A。推理判斷題。由第4段倒數(shù)第2句可推知這些年輕婦女們選擇job sharing這一工作形式是為了尋求更高的社會(huì)地位。故選A。 11．In job sharing the partners should ________. A. enjoy equal social status B. have similar work experience C. keep in touch with each other D. know each other very well 答案：D。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由尾段后半段的內(nèi)容可知D項(xiàng)正確。 12．The main purpose of the passage is to________. A. describe job sharing in general B. discuss how to provide more jobs C. remend job sharing to women D. pare job sharing with work sharing 答案：A。主旨大意題?？傆[全文可知本文旨在大體上描述“job sharing” 這一工作形式。故選A。 閱讀理解。 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 You are busy filling out the application form for a position you really need；lets assume you once actually pleted a couple of years of college work or even that you pleted your degree. Isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma (文憑) represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to an utter deception (欺騙)like this to land their first job or to move ahead in their careers. For personnel officers, like most Americans, value degress from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a wellknown university. Registrars(學(xué)籍管理員)at most wellknown colleges say that they deal with dishonest claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. It turns out that when an applicant is lying, most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school refers to them as “special cases”. One wellknown West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says these claims are made by “no such people”． To avoid plete lies，some job seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with”a college or university. After careful checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century—thats when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are panies that will sell you a fake diploma. One pany, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University”. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper. 因?yàn)槿耸虏块T的官員們更看重名校學(xué)歷，因此人們常常為謀求一份好工作和職位而造假。 13．The writer mainly wants to tell us that ________. A. college degrees can now be purchased easily B. nowadays it is very hard for people to find jobs C. lying about college degrees is being a widespread problem D. employers are no longer interested in applicants actual performances 答案：C。主旨大意題。總覽文章可知C項(xiàng)為本文主旨。 14．As used in the first line of the second paragraph，the word “utter” means ________. A. thorough B. careful C. implete D. spoken 答案：A。詞義猜測(cè)題。由第二段第一句中的關(guān)鍵詞deception(欺騙)及其后的解釋“學(xué)歷造假”，再結(jié)合文章主旨可推出A項(xiàng)正確。thorough徹底的。 15．Once finding applicants with false diplomas, most colleges would ________. A. keep the records of them B. drive them out of college C. avoid direct conflicts with them D. accuse them of such behaviors 答案：C。推理判斷題。由第三段中的“...most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly”．和下面給出的例子可推斷出C項(xiàng)正確。 16．We can learn from the passage that ________. A. US employers value their job applicants with a degree from top universities B. University of Purdue and Purdue University are the same school C. people with fake diplomas can get their first jobs in US easily D. people pay the same price for a fake diploma from different universities 答案：A。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第二句“For personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools.”可知A項(xiàng)正確。由尾段可知B、D錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有信息支持。 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Early on Saturday morning, one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded hit central Chile. The powerful quake killed more than 800 people, destroyed or badly damaged 1.5 million homes and affected almost 2 million people. The 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck around 3:34 a.m., jolting(震搖) people awake all over the country. The earthquake came from underwater, off the coast of Chile. Fernando Abarzua was in one of the many buildings that collapsed(倒塌) there. “I was on the eighth floor and all of a sudden I was down here,” he said, adding that he was surprised to have escaped with no major injuries. The earthquake triggered(引發(fā)) a tsunami that swept across the Pacific Ocean, setting off warnings in 53 countries. In the end, the tsunamis waves caused major damage and several deaths in Chile but nowhere else. Dozens of aftershocks, or smaller earthquakes, rattled(使顫動(dòng)) the area in the days following Saturdays massive quake. Chile has a history of earthquakes. The largest recorded earthquake in the world—a 9.5-magnitude quake—struck the country in May 1960. Since 1973, there have been 13 quakes there with a magnitude of at least 7.0. As a result, Chiles newer buildings were built to withstand(經(jīng)受住) the shocks. That is one reason that Chiles quake—though 500 times stronger—has caused much less damage than the earthquake that struck Haiti in January. On Sunday, Bachelet ordered troops in Chile to help hand out food, water and blankets and to clear rubble(瓦礫堆)from the roads. Temporary hospitals were planned for the hardest-hit areas. She later requested help from the international munity. On Monday, the United Nations prepared earthquake relief efforts as well as 30 tons of food and other help. Even before Bachelets request, President Obama announced that the U.S. was prepared to help. “The United States stands ready to assist in the rescue and recovery efforts,” he said. 60. The passage mainly tells us . A. how the world helped Chile after its earthquake B. a massive（巨大的） earthquake rocked Chile and the response to it C. hundreds of people died after the Chile’s earthquake D. the poorest country-Chile was destroyed pletely 61. According to the passage, we know Fernando Abarzua is . A. brave B. devoted C. lucky D. kind 62. Which of the following could be the main and direct reason that caused less damage in Chile than that in Haiti? A. Help came in time. B. Chiles people had got the news before the earthquake. C. Chile is richer than Haiti. D. Most of the buildings in Chile can bear the shocks. 63. The passage most probably appears . A. in a newspaper B. in a magazine C. in a history book D. in an advertisement