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哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文
蠟?zāi)V茪C(jī)械手機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要
最近,全球內(nèi)帶有夾子夾子或手的機(jī)械手系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來了,多種方法應(yīng)用其上,有擬人化和非擬人化的,不僅調(diào)查了這些系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu),而且還包括其必要的控制系統(tǒng),如同人手一樣,這些機(jī)械人系統(tǒng)可以用它們的手去抓不同的物體,而且不用改換夾子,這些機(jī)械手具備特殊的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力比如小質(zhì)量和小慣量,這使被抓物體在機(jī)械手的工作范圍內(nèi)做更復(fù)雜、更精確的操作變得可能。這些復(fù)雜的操作被抓物體繞任意角度和軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。
本論文介紹了用于夾持蠟?zāi)C(jī)械手的設(shè)計(jì)。它采用液壓驅(qū)動(dòng),點(diǎn)位程序控制,動(dòng)作平穩(wěn),控制方便。本論文主要闡述該機(jī)械手的夾緊、伸縮、升降和回轉(zhuǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算。首先從機(jī)械手的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)介紹有關(guān)機(jī)械手的組成、分類、臂部設(shè)計(jì)、液壓控制的多種方案,再從本次設(shè)計(jì)所要求的功能原理設(shè)計(jì)開始,對(duì)于不同的方案加以比較和論證,從中可確定出最優(yōu)方案,并采用其方案,在對(duì)其的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)其驅(qū)動(dòng)力和驅(qū)動(dòng)力力矩進(jìn)行計(jì)算。著重闡述了機(jī)身的設(shè)計(jì),具體闡述了機(jī)械手的設(shè)計(jì)原則和步驟,分析了設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題,并對(duì)機(jī)械手的平穩(wěn)性及定位精度給予詳細(xì)的論述。設(shè)計(jì)并分析了該機(jī)械手所用的液壓控制的方法和過程。由于經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足,知識(shí)有限,難免有誤,有待改進(jìn)。
關(guān)鍵詞 液壓;機(jī)械手;液壓缸
Wax molded shell robot mechanical part design
Abstract
Recently, the world inside with clamps clips or hand robotic systems have been developed, a variety of methods applied on it, there are anthropomorphic and non-anthropomorphic, not only the investigation of these systems mechanical structure, but also its necessary control system, as manpower, these robotic systems can use their hands to grab different objects, and do not change the clip, these robots possess exceptional athletic ability such as small mass and small inertia, which makes the grasped object in the robot's operating range done within a more complex, more precise operation becomes possible. These complex operations are grasping objects around any angle and axes.
This thesis introduces to used for clipping to hold the outside circle a design for and down anticipating machine hand. It adopts the liquid presses to drive, ordering a procedure control, acting steady, control convenience.
This thesis expatiates the rise and fall of the machine’s hand primarily with the design of the turn-over with compute. Constitute, divide into section form the relevant machine in introduction in knowledge in foundation of the machine hand first, wrist a various projects for and arm department designing, liquid pressing control, start from this design a function for requesting principle, take into the comparison to the different project with the argument, can make sure the superior project from the inside, combine to adopt its project, in as to it’s of the foundation of the construction design, as to it’s driver force and moment proceed the calculation. Emphasize the design that expatiated the fuselage, expatiated the design principle of the machine hand in a specific way with the step, analyzed the problem of design should notice, and give to the steady and fixed position accuracy of the machine hand detailed treatise. Because of experience shortage, the knowledge is limited, difficult do not need the mistake, treat to improve.
Keywords manipulator; liquid presses; driving force; fixed position accuracy
目錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 機(jī)械手在生產(chǎn)中的作用 1
1.2 機(jī)械手國內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1
1.3 論文研究的內(nèi)容 2
第2章 蠟?zāi)C(jī)械手的總功能原及方案的選擇與確定 4
2.1 功能原理設(shè)計(jì) 4
2.2 初選方案 5
2.2.1 方案一 5
2.2.2 方案二 5
2.3 方案選取 6
第3章 機(jī)械手總體方案總結(jié) 7
3.1 傳動(dòng)方案的確定 7
3.2 規(guī)格參數(shù) 7
3.3 結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 7
3.3.1 抓取機(jī)構(gòu) 7
3.3.2 手臂的回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 8
3.3.3 手臂的升降運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu) 8
3.3.4 其它裝置 8
3.4 機(jī)械手的液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 9
第4章 機(jī)械手的各部分設(shè)計(jì) 10
4.1 手部設(shè)計(jì) 10
4.1.1 手部設(shè)計(jì)要求: 10
4.1.2 手部的結(jié)構(gòu) 10
4.1.3 機(jī)械手的力學(xué)分析 12
4.2 手臂部分設(shè)計(jì) 14
4.2.1 手臂部分設(shè)計(jì)要求 15
4.3 手臂部分結(jié)構(gòu) 19
4.3.1 手臂伸縮運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 19
4.3.2 手臂伸縮油缸的計(jì)算 19
4.4 定位缸 22
結(jié)論 23
參考文獻(xiàn) 24
致 謝 25
附錄 26
0
第1章 緒論
1.1 機(jī)械手在生產(chǎn)中的作用?
機(jī)械工業(yè)是國民的裝備部,是為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)提供裝備和為人民生活提供耐用消費(fèi)品的產(chǎn)業(yè)。機(jī)械工業(yè)的規(guī)模和技術(shù)水平是衡量國家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和科學(xué)技術(shù)水平的重要標(biāo)志。因此,世界各國都把發(fā)展機(jī)械工業(yè)作為發(fā)展本國經(jīng)濟(jì)的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)之一。新世紀(jì),生產(chǎn)水平及科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步與發(fā)展帶動(dòng)了整個(gè)機(jī)械工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中,生產(chǎn)過程的機(jī)械化,自動(dòng)化已成為突出的主題。然而在機(jī)械工業(yè)中,加工、裝配等生產(chǎn)是不連續(xù)的。單靠人力將這些不連續(xù)的生產(chǎn)工序銜接起來,不僅費(fèi)時(shí)而且效率不高。同時(shí)人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度非常大,有時(shí)還會(huì)出現(xiàn)失誤及傷害。顯然,這嚴(yán)重影響制約了整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過程的效率和自動(dòng)化程度。機(jī)械手的應(yīng)用很好的解決了這一情況,它不存在重復(fù)的偶然失誤,也能有效的避免了人身事故。?
在機(jī)械工業(yè)中,機(jī)械手的應(yīng)用具有以下意義:?
1.?可以提高生產(chǎn)過程的自動(dòng)化程度?
應(yīng)用機(jī)械手,有利于提高材料的傳送、工件的裝卸、刀具的更換