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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第26講 強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝與主謂一致經(jīng)典精講練習(xí)（上） 開篇語 開心自測(cè) 開心自測(cè)講解 題一： —It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink! —I’m glad you like it. A. I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I 題二： Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______a decision. A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach 題三： Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 題四： Listening to loud music at rock concerts___ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have 題五： Such poets as Shakespeare ______ widely read, of whose works, however, some ______ difficult to understand. A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is; are 主要考點(diǎn)梳理 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 按照考綱要求，考生應(yīng)能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂迷~語和強(qiáng)調(diào)句式對(duì)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，近幾年的高考試題主要考查考生對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)的理解和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的靈活使用，考查復(fù)合句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式；按照考試大綱的要求，考生還應(yīng)掌握英語省略的一些基本原則，在行文中正確地使用省略。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型 陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is / was ＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語)＋ that / who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人)＋其它部分。 It was on the party that he met one of his old friends. 一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：同上，只是把is / was提到it前面。 Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends? 特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞)＋is / was＋it＋that / who＋其它部分？ When and where was it that you were born? I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語： It was I (that / who) met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語： It was the film star—Jackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語： It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film star—Jackie Chan yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語： It was yesterday that I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport. 注意：構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的it本身沒有詞義；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that和who，即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)也如此，that和who不可省略；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)通常用兩種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。原句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用It was...，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用It is... not...until...句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句 句型為：It is / was not until ＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋ that ＋其它部分 It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital. 注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，till和until可通用。因?yàn)榫湫椭蠭t is / was not...已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。 謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào) It is / was...that...結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞do/does或did。 Do sit down. He did write to you last week. Do be careful when you cross the street. 注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/does和did，沒有別的形式；過去時(shí)用did，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。 倒裝 倒裝句的意義 適應(yīng)一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，主要是指疑問句句型結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。 May I e in? Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927? 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一部分，而把這部分放到句首，構(gòu)成倒裝。 Never have I been late for school this term. So early did he e to school that no other students came. 全部倒裝 Here, There, Now, Then, Thus位于句首。 Here es the bus. There goes the bell. Now es your turn. Then came Susan. Thus came the result. Here it is. Here you are. There he came. Now she es. Up, Down, In, Out, Away等表示地點(diǎn)方位的介詞位于句首。 Up climbed the boy. Down sat the old man. Out rushed the villagers. Away ran the athletes. Away they ran. On the table, Beside the river, In the temple位于句首。 On the table lies a book. Beside the river stands a tower. In the temple lived a monk. Such位于句首，表示“這就是……” Such is our chemistry teacher, a kind but strict one. Such is Beijing No.80 High School, where we live and study. Such is Ping Yali, a person with great determination. Such is Zhaoyu, the chief engineer of Beijing Jeep pany. 部分倒裝 否定詞位于句首：Hardly, never, little, seldom, scarcely, neither, nor, not only, no sooner, by no means (決不), at no time… No sooner had I entered the room than it began to rain. At no time is smoking permitted in the school. In no time we left the burning house. Not only did he help the old man out of the icy water, but also he sent the old man to the nearest hospital in no time. Not only do I like English, but I am fond of music as well, especially pop music. Under no circumstances can we destroy our beautiful planet. So, Such在句首，后帶表語或狀語，接著的主句進(jìn)行部分倒裝。 So fast did he run that we couldn’t catch up with him. So good a boy is he that we all like him. Such a good boy is he that we all like him. So, Neither, Nor等詞放在句首，表示主語與前面句子的主語情況相同時(shí)，用部分倒裝。 —I can swim. —So can Susan. —I can’t skate. —Neither/Nor can Tom. —It is cold today. —So it is. —Tom works hard. —So he does. 題一： Tom is a good student and never es to school late._________. A. So is Susan B. Neither does Susan C. Nor is Susan D. So it is with Susan Only放在句首，后面跟狀語（詞組或從句），句子進(jìn)行部分倒裝。 Only he knew it. Only then did I realize the importance of English. Only in this way can you learn English well. Only when the war was over was he able to e back to his motherland. Only in this way can we build/create a harmonious society. Only in this way can we build/create a society in harmony. 特殊倒裝句式 Though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，將后面的表語或狀語前置，此時(shí)用as代替though. Though he is young, he knows a lot. Although he is a child, he knows a lot. Young as he is, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot. Tired as we were, we felt happy, because we had an unforgettable experience today. Much as I tried, I failed yesterday. Try as I might, I failed yesterday. 虛擬語氣中用倒裝代替if. If I were you, I would go there. Were I you, I would go there. If I had worked hard, I would have passed the exam. Had I worked hard, I would have passed the exam. If it were to rain, I would not go there. Were it to rain, I would not go there. If it should rain, I would not go there. Should it rain, I would not go there. If I worked hard, I would reach my goal. Worked I hard, I would reach my goal. May位于句首表示祝愿. May you be happy!/May you succeed! God bless you!/Long live Chairman Mao! Gone are the days when… Gone are the days when we used the foreign oil. Gone are the days when we did endless homework. Not until… I didn’t have supper until Mum came home. Not until Mum came home did I have supper. 主謂一致 英語句子中謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)取得一致，這就叫做主謂一致。 解決主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則： 語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。 either, neither, each, one, the other, another , anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, everything ,everybody , everyone ,no one, nothing, nobody做主語時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)。 Neither of the two sentences is correct. Everything around us is matter. 注意：none, neither, all, any作主語時(shí)，謂語可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)，具體取決于說話人的意思。 None of them owns/own a car. Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography. All are here. And all that can be done has been done. 表示“時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積”等度量的名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。 Five minutes is enough. Four hundred francs is a lot of money. each …and each …every …and every ;no…and no ;many a …and many a …等結(jié)構(gòu)由于強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體行為，因此謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)。 Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary. No sound and no voice is heard for a long time. 從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或短語作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式。 To say something is one thing, to do it is another .（to say something, to do 是不定式） “How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting .（How do you do? 是句子，作主語） 注意：what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意其所指的具體內(nèi)容來確定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。 What we need is more time, while what they need are more doctors and medicines. one and a half 后面帶名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。 One and half bananas is left on the table. 用and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示單一概念時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)。 The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month. Bread and butter is my usual breakfast. 有些名詞呈復(fù)數(shù)形式，但并不表示復(fù)數(shù)概念。 The news is disappointing that a chemical works is to be built in the west of the city. 名詞由and 或both …and 連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop. people , public , police , cattle 做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上使用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police have caught the murderer. And people are talking about the news. 表示成雙、成套的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)。 Your trousers are too long, but these shoes fit you quite well. 但有a pair of 連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)。 A pair of gloves is a nice present for her. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語，但前面有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Three million tons of oil are exploited every year in the oil field. 在or , either …or …, neither… nor… ,not only … but also … , not … but… , there be 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，采取就近原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。 Either the teacher or the students are to blame. Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 下列結(jié)構(gòu)用于引起一個(gè)附加的成分，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)不受附加成分的影響而于前面的主語取得一致: as well as; rather than; like; except; besides; with; along with; including; such as. No one but Jack and Mary knows about it . I as well as they am ready to help you . some of; plenty of; a lot of; most of; the rest of; all(of ); half (of );分?jǐn)?shù)或百分之+of +名詞做主語時(shí)，以名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。 A lot of students are waiting outside. And lots of the time has been wasted. More than 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water. Ten percent of the apples are bad. The rest of the story needs no telling. He stayed at home and the rest of the boys were out at play. 開心自測(cè)講解 題一：C 題二：B 題三：B 題四：C 題五：A 倒裝 題一：D