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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法 專(zhuān)題二 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 考點(diǎn)1　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ) 1．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(xx重慶，11) A．used B．having used C．using D．use 2．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________ whether to stay or leave.(xx湖南，30) A．wondering B．wonder C．to wonder D．wondered 3．________in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.(xx天津，5) A．To absorb B．To be absorbed C．Absorbed D．Absorbing 4．________ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(xx天津，8) A．To work B．Worked C．To be working D．Having worked 5．________ more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(xx福建，28) A．Learn B．Learned C．To learn D．To be learning 6．Time，________ correctly，is money in the bank.(xx湖南，23) A．to use B．used C．using D．use 考點(diǎn)歸納 1．分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨或方式、目的、評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)等；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)；分詞的完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。 United，we stand；divided，we fall. 合則立，分則敗。(表示條件) He entered the room，following his father (followed by his father)． 他進(jìn)了房間，跟在他爸爸的后面(他爸爸跟在后面)。(表示伴隨) She fell off her bike，breaking her left leg. 她從自行車(chē)上摔了下來(lái)，摔斷了左腿。(表示結(jié)果) Personally speaking，it’s a good idea! 就我個(gè)人而言，我認(rèn)為這是個(gè)好的觀點(diǎn)。(評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)) 2．不定式作狀語(yǔ)主要表示原因、目的、結(jié)果、評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)等。表原因時(shí)通常和形容詞連用，如be happy/sorry/surprised/ashamed等；表目的時(shí)其前可加上in order或so as (so as to do一般不放在句首)；表結(jié)果時(shí)其前通常與only連用，往往表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。 She is interesting to talk to. 和她談話很有意思。(表示原因) To succeed，one must first of all believe in himself. 要想成功，首先應(yīng)該自信。(表示目的) Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.(xx四川，6) 湯姆乘出租車(chē)去機(jī)場(chǎng)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)高高地飛在空中。(表示結(jié)果) I’ve never seen such a person，to tell you the truth. 實(shí)話告訴你，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣一個(gè)人。(評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)) 考點(diǎn)2　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ) 1．Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ to guard her.(xx浙江，14) A．to appoint B．a(chǎn)ppointing C．a(chǎn)ppointed D．having appointed 2．There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(xx北京，28) A．solving B．solved C．being solved D．to be solved 3．There’s a note pinned to the door ________ when the shop will open again.(xx山東，6) A．saying B．says C．said D．having said 考點(diǎn)歸納 1．分詞作定語(yǔ)，單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾詞的前面；分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾詞的后面；分詞的完成時(shí)(having done 或having been done)形式一般不作定語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)或完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)只表示完成不表示被動(dòng)。不定式作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾的詞之后，不定式表示的是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，主動(dòng)形式用to do，被動(dòng)形式用to be done。 This is a problem discussed. ＝This is a problem which was discussed. 這是一個(gè)已討論了的問(wèn)題。 This is a problem being discussed. ＝This is a problem which is being discussed. 這是一個(gè)正在被討論的問(wèn)題。 This is a problem to be discussed. ＝This is a problem which is to be discussed. 這是一個(gè)將要討論的問(wèn)題。 2．動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示用途，如swimming pool相當(dāng)于a pool for swimming，reading room相當(dāng)于a room for reading 等。 考點(diǎn)3　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓(主)補(bǔ) 1．Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother________ good care of at home.(xx陜西，18) A．taking B．taken C．take D．be taken 2．Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________ live is quite another.(xx浙江，18) A．perform B．performing C．to perform D．being performed 3．He is thought ________ foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(xx江西，34) A．to act B．to have acted C．a(chǎn)cting D．having acted 考點(diǎn)歸納 1．不定式作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況：一是帶to，一是不帶to。通常情況下使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但是變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后賓補(bǔ)變?yōu)榱酥餮a(bǔ)，這時(shí)不帶to的不定式要變成帶to的不定式。 It’s hard to persuade Dad to give up smoking. 說(shuō)服爸爸戒煙很難。 She is often heard to sing the song. 經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到她唱這首歌。 2．現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)有兩種情況：一是形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表示事物的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)；二是具有動(dòng)作性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 We all think the speech very inspiring. 我們都認(rèn)為這個(gè)演講很鼓舞人。 He was last seen playing in the garden. 最后一次看到他時(shí)，他在花園玩耍。 3．過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表示賓(主)語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，與賓(主)語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Get your answers checked before you hand in the papers. 交試卷前，請(qǐng)檢查核對(duì)答案。 Almost no student is seen punished in that school. 在那所學(xué)校幾乎看不到學(xué)生被懲罰。 考點(diǎn)4　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ) 1．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________ all the people who had helped in her career.(xx陜西，17) A．to thank B．thanking C．having thanked D．to have thanked 2．It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like ________ for a swim？(xx陜西，12) A．to go B．going C．go D．having gone 3．The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without ________.(xx北京，35) A．recognizing B．being recognized C．having recognized D．having been recognized 考點(diǎn)歸納 作賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式有不定式或動(dòng)名詞。有些動(dòng)詞后面只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)(如want，hope，decide，promise等)；有些動(dòng)詞后面只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)(如admit，advise，allow，avoid，risk，suggest等)；有些動(dòng)詞后面既可以跟不定式也可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但是意思有所不同(如stop，remember，regret，go on等)；在介詞(除but，except之外)后面一般用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 When it es to speaking in public，no one can match him.(xx江西，26) 當(dāng)提及在公共場(chǎng)所發(fā)言時(shí)，沒(méi)有人能比得上他。 I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.(xx安徽，24) 離開(kāi)辦公室前我記著鎖門(mén)了，卻忘了關(guān)燈。 考點(diǎn)5　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ) 1．While waiting for the opportunity to get ________，Henry did his best to perform his duty.(xx安徽，32) A．promote B．promoted C．promoting D．to promote 2．For those with family members far away，the personal puter and the phone are important in staying ________.(xx福建，30) A．connected B．connecting C．to connect D．to be connected 3．The engine just won’t start.Something seems ________ wrong with it.(xx重慶，34) A．to go B．to have gone C．going D．having gone 考點(diǎn)歸納 1．不定式作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容、目的等。 My goal is to be a scientist. 我的目標(biāo)是當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。 What strikes me most is to see him always busy. 使我感到驚訝的是總看見(jiàn)他很忙碌。 2．動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念。 My favorite sport is skiing. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是滑雪。 Seeing is believing.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 3．作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞，往往具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)與特征。過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，往往表示主語(yǔ)所處的一種狀態(tài)，有時(shí)候用于get＋v.ed結(jié)構(gòu)中。 The report is very encouraging. 這個(gè)報(bào)告非常鼓舞人心。 I got confused，even bored. 我被搞得迷惑了，甚至有點(diǎn)煩了。 考點(diǎn)6　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ) 1．________ your own needs and styles of munication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.(xx湖南，23) A．Understanding B．To be understood C．Being understood D．Having understood 2．It’s standard practice for a pany like this one ________ a security officer.(xx山東，9) A．employed B．being employed C．to employ D．employs 3．No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it’s better________silent.(xx浙江，3) A．remain B．be remaining C．having remained D．to remain 考點(diǎn)歸納 1．動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)往往表示一種概念、習(xí)慣或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。有時(shí)候用it作形式主語(yǔ)，常用于It’s useful/nice/useless...等句式中。 Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit. 早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。 It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。 2．不定式作主語(yǔ)往往表示一個(gè)具體的動(dòng)作、一種愿望、目的或未完成的事，通常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替。 To stop the work now seems impossible. ＝It seems impossible to stop the work now. 現(xiàn)在停止這項(xiàng)工作似乎是不可能的。 To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見(jiàn)。 考點(diǎn)7　獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 1．Much time ________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(xx江蘇，24) A．being spent B．having spent C．spent D．spending 2．The lecture ________，a lively questionandanswer session followed.(xx江蘇，29) A．being given B．having given C．to be given D．having been given 3．The party will be held in the garden，weather________.(xx新課標(biāo)全國(guó)，28) A．permitting B．to permit C．permitted D．permit 4．The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ them.(xx遼寧，25) A．to follow B．following C．followed D．follows 考點(diǎn)歸納 1．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由“普通格名詞(或主格代詞)＋分詞、不定式、名詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，通常用逗號(hào)與句子的其他部分隔開(kāi)。 Mary ing back，they discussed it together. 瑪麗回來(lái)后，他們一起討論了那件事。 Good luck given，I will earn more money than all of you. 運(yùn)氣好的話，我掙的錢(qián)將比你們所有人掙得都多。 2．介詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) with sb./sth.＋doing/done/to do，其中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)，根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間的關(guān)系確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞。 He lay there with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在那里，眼望天空。 3．there be句型的非謂語(yǔ)形式 I’ve never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. 我從未想到墻上會(huì)有幅畫(huà)。 I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job. 我希望她有很多機(jī)會(huì)找到工作。 There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down. 路上有冰，我讓司機(jī)減速慢行。 There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty. 因?yàn)閮商鞗](méi)有水了，所有游客都非?？柿恕? 考點(diǎn)8　“連詞＋分詞(短語(yǔ))”結(jié)構(gòu) 1．Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.(xx湖南，24) A．to leave B．leaving C．leave D．left 2．Children，when ________ by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(xx湖南，21) A．to be acpanied B．to acpany C．a(chǎn)cpanying D．a(chǎn)cpanied 3．Once________，Jo devoted her life to looking after children and being a fulltime homemaker.(xx上海春招，33) A．having married B．being married C．marrying D．married 考點(diǎn)歸納 分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)前面可用一個(gè)連詞，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或出于表達(dá)需要，常用的連詞有：when，while，after，before，if，though，whether...or...，unless，as if等。有時(shí)這種結(jié)構(gòu)可看成是狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。 After taking the medicine，she felt better. 吃過(guò)藥后，她感覺(jué)好些了。 The man will die unless operated at once. 除非立刻動(dòng)手術(shù)，不然那人就會(huì)死。 解題方法 方法1　正確判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 句子按結(jié)構(gòu)分為三類(lèi)，即簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。并列句和復(fù)合句都需要連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，如果句子中出現(xiàn)了連詞，應(yīng)選謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；如果兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中未出現(xiàn)連詞，則考慮用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 ________many times，but he still couldn’t understand it. A．Having been told B．Told C．He was told D．Though he had been told 答案　C 解析　用連詞but引導(dǎo)并列句，因此，前面與后句一樣也是個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，故選C項(xiàng)。 方法2　正確判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系 確定要選非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要找到其邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫作邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)須和句子的真正主語(yǔ)一致，找不到其邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，整個(gè)句子或句子的主語(yǔ)就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。正確判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系是正確選擇非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的保證，不管是作什么成分的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都體現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn)： 1．如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，可用現(xiàn)在分詞； 2．如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可用過(guò)去分詞。 ________ from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A．Seen B．Seeing C．Having seen D．To see 答案　A 解析　句意為：從塔頂看，這座山的南邊腳下是樹(shù)的海洋。seen from the top of the tower是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)the south foot，它們之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。 方法3　正確判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后順序 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具備動(dòng)詞的一些特點(diǎn)，也可以有動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，對(duì)于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，我們用時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間；對(duì)于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間是一個(gè)相對(duì)時(shí)間，即相對(duì)于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間而言。同時(shí)也需要了解非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式所指時(shí)間的含義。如to have done，having done表示該動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生；to be doing，doing強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 Dina，________ for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A．struggling B．struggled C．having struggled D．to struggle 答案　C 解析　句意為：Dina，奮斗了幾個(gè)月，想找個(gè)做女服務(wù)員的工作，最后在當(dāng)?shù)匾患覐V告社謀到了一個(gè)職位。因Dina與struggle之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；且struggle發(fā)生在took之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式作定語(yǔ)。 1．Early in the morning，an old craftsman was invited to our class，bringing a large suitcase of tools and materials.(xx北京，書(shū)面表達(dá)二) 一大早，一位老藝人帶著一大箱工具和材料被邀請(qǐng)到我們的教室。(現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)) 2．Being a poor student，the boy couldn’t afford candles for light.(xx福建) 因?yàn)槭且粋€(gè)窮學(xué)生，這個(gè)小男孩買(mǎi)不起照明用的蠟燭。(現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)) 3．It takes four to six weeks to finish the report.(xx廣東，基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作) 完成這份報(bào)告需要四到六周的時(shí)間。(不定式作主語(yǔ)) 4．Thinking that his solution might be wrong，I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.(xx湖北) 考慮到他的解決方法可能不對(duì)，我仔細(xì)分析了這個(gè)問(wèn)題并盡量用不同的方法去解決。(現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)) 5．Secondly，I will have enough motivation to make more progress in my study and many other things.(xx湖南) 其次，我將有足夠的動(dòng)力在學(xué)習(xí)以及其他很多方面取得更大的進(jìn)步。(不定式作定語(yǔ)) 6．In fact，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.(xx江蘇) 事實(shí)上，交通規(guī)則是與公共秩序密切相關(guān)的規(guī)則。(過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)) 7．Our class plan to visit the nursing home this Sunday in order to help the elderly there and enrich our afterclass life at the same time.(xx全國(guó)Ⅱ) 我們班本周日計(jì)劃參觀敬老院，其目的是幫助那里的老年人同時(shí)豐富我們的課外生活。(不定式作賓語(yǔ)和目的狀語(yǔ)) 8．Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.(xx浙江) 有時(shí)候適當(dāng)放棄意味著有更多的收獲。(動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)) 提醒：完成作業(yè)　強(qiáng)化練(二)  強(qiáng)化練(二)　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (建議用時(shí)：12分鐘) 1．—Johnson is said to be the first young teacher ________ to professor in your university this year. —Exactly.________ of his own petence is an important factor in his success.(xx泰州二模，25) A．promoted；Convincing B．to have been promoted；Convincing C．promoted；Convinced D．to have been promoted；Being convinced 2．Flocks of customers joined Alibaba Singles’ Day，Hong Kong，the U．S.and Russia ________ the top three outside.(xx南京、鹽城二模，26) A．claimed B．to be claimed C．claiming D．being claimed 3．Joint development plan of NanjingZhenjiangYangzhou ________，the residents of the areas will enjoy a happier life.(xx揚(yáng)州一模，30) A．was released B．being released C．released D．having released 4．—Could you please explain the assignment for Monday，Miss Smith? —Certainly.Read the next chapter and e to class ________ to discuss what you’ve read.(xx南京、鹽城一模，24) A．preparing B．prepared C．to prepare D．to be prepared 5．Acceptance is not about liking a situation.It is about acknowledging all that has been lost and ________ to live with that loss.(xx南京三模，24) A．learning B．learned C．to learn D．having learned 6．Who do the passengers on board think it is up to ________ a final decision about such a matter？(xx南通第二次調(diào)研，34) A．make B．making C．to make D．to be making 7．The first time I saw him，what impressed me most were his waistline ________ nearly 3 chi and his obesity ________ 210 jin.(xx江蘇百校聯(lián)考，33) A．measured；weighed B．measuring；weighing C．measured；weighing D．measuring；weighed 8．One third of the Ukrainian population live in the eastern region near Russia and speak Russian，most of them ________ closer to Russia.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模，27) A．a(chǎn)re feeling B．feel C．feeling D．a(chǎn)re felt 9．Have you seen the boys ________ Little Apple？That’s such a beautiful scene that I dare not have my eyes ________ on it. A．dancing；fixing B．dance；fixing C．dance；fixed D．to dance；fixed 10．China’s emerce giant Alibaba had an amazing year as the Nov.11 shopping carnival set a new record，the Double Twelve shopping day ________ with success. A．having followed B．following C．followed D．to follow 11．All of us have read thrilling stories in which the heroes have only a limited time to live.Such stories set us ________，________ what we should do under similar circumstances. A．thinking；wondering B．to think；wondering C．thinking；to wonder D．to think；to wonder 12．Carbon dioxide is said ________ the earth twice as quickly as previously feared. A．to be heated B．to be heating C．to have heated D．to have been heated 13．________ by flowers and applause doesn’t necessarily mean one is living a happy life. A．Acpanied B．Having acpanied C．To be acpanied D．Being acpanied 14．Over 200,000 hotel reservations were made in Hong Kong through Taobao last year，________ it the most popular travel destination among Chinese netizens. A．making B．to make C．having made D．made 15．________ nice，the food was all eaten up soon. A．Tasting B．Taste C．Tasted D．To taste 16．Have you seen the boys ________ “Little Apple”？That’s such a beautiful scene that I dare not have my eye ________ on it. A．dancing；fixing B．dance；fixing C．to dance；fixed D．dance；fixed 17．Shanghai is the first city in the world ________ a highspeed maglev train，from the city to Pudong Airport. A．to build B．to be built C．to have built D．to have been built 18．________ the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter. A．Devoted to teach B．Devoted herself to teaching C．Devoting to teach D．Devoting herself to teaching 19．Fear is one of the many enemies hidden inside us，and if ________ uncontrolled，it can destroy our lives. A．leaving B．left C．having left D．to be left 20．It is considered that there is a tenmonth supply of newlybuilt houses ________ in our city. A．to be sold B．having sold C．selling D．sold  學(xué)生用書(shū)答案精析 專(zhuān)題二　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 考點(diǎn)1 1．C　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作方式狀語(yǔ)。句意為：就像古時(shí)候的水手一樣，鳥(niǎo)能利用太陽(yáng)和星星找到它們的路。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，use與其句中隱含的邏輯主語(yǔ)birds之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用v.ing形式的一般式，在句中作方式狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于by using the sun and the stars的省略。] 2．A　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。句意為：那名店員看到一張友善的臉，臉上因歉意的微笑布滿了皺紋，這時(shí)她愣在了那里，琢磨著是走還是留。句子的主語(yǔ)she與wonder之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且wonder與主句謂語(yǔ)stood是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。] 3．C　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作原因狀語(yǔ)。句意為：由于專(zhuān)心于繪畫(huà)，約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。此處的Absorbed in painting相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句Because he was absorbed in painting的省略。] 4．D　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。句意為：工作了兩天后，史蒂夫設(shè)法準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成了報(bào)告。動(dòng)詞work與句子主語(yǔ)Steve之間為主謂關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；同時(shí)work的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞managed to finish之前，故要用完成時(shí)。] 5．C　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意為：為了了解更多的中國(guó)文化，杰克決定選擇中國(guó)民族音樂(lè)作為選修課。逗號(hào)后面沒(méi)有連詞，可以判斷此處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，排除A項(xiàng)；learn與其邏輯主語(yǔ)Jack之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除B項(xiàng)；此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。] 6．B　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作條件狀語(yǔ)。句意為：使用得當(dāng)，時(shí)間就是銀行里的錢(qián)。要填的是非謂語(yǔ)形式，而且use和主語(yǔ)time是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以要用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句：if it (time) is used correctly。] 考點(diǎn)2 1．C　[考查過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。句意為：Amie Salmon是個(gè)殘疾人，在校期間由委派來(lái)看護(hù)她的一位護(hù)士全程照顧。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是a nurse的后置定語(yǔ)；a nurse與appoint之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞(appointed)作定語(yǔ)。] 2．D　[考查不定式作定語(yǔ)。句意為：在我們準(zhǔn)備在月球上長(zhǎng)住之前，還有很多問(wèn)題需要解決。由there are可知設(shè)空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾problems；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon可知，動(dòng)作solve發(fā)生在將來(lái)，故用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)；而且problems與solve之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。] 3．A　[考查現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知句中已經(jīng)有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，故首先排除B項(xiàng)says。A項(xiàng)saying表示主動(dòng)；C項(xiàng)said表示被動(dòng)；D項(xiàng)having said表示動(dòng)作先于is的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。從邏輯關(guān)系上看，note與say之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選A項(xiàng)，在此用現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)。] 考點(diǎn)3 1．B　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意為：李博士在非洲進(jìn)行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，回來(lái)后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好他很高興。此處是“see＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是do，doing或者done。若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程，用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，即do；若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，用doing；若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。此處his mother與take good care of之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B項(xiàng)。] 2．D　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意為：在家聽(tīng)音樂(lè)是一回事，去現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽(tīng)正在被演奏的音樂(lè)完全是另外一回事。題干中含有“hear＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)it(指代music)與perform之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處表示去現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽(tīng)正在被演奏的音樂(lè)，故應(yīng)用being performed作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。] 3．B　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主補(bǔ)。sb.be thought to...某人被認(rèn)為……，是固定句式。句意為：他被認(rèn)為是舉止愚蠢的，現(xiàn)在失去這份工作他只能責(zé)怪自己，不能怨別人。根據(jù)句意可知，他表現(xiàn)很糟糕是在丟掉工作之前，所以用不定式的完成式。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 考點(diǎn)4 1．A　[考查不定式作賓語(yǔ)。句意為：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎(jiǎng)之后，安妮本尼迪克特繼續(xù)感謝所有曾經(jīng)在她的事業(yè)中幫助她的人。go on to do sth.繼續(xù)做另一件事；go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事。拿獎(jiǎng)后又繼續(xù)做另一件事，即“感謝所有幫助過(guò)她的人”，所以選A。] 2．B　[考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。句意為：今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎？feel like想要，后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”。D項(xiàng)having gone表示動(dòng)作已完成，不符合語(yǔ)境。] 3．B　[考查動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)。句意為：那位影星戴著墨鏡，因此他可以在沒(méi)人認(rèn)出的情況下購(gòu)物了。without為介詞，后面接動(dòng)名詞形式；the film star與recognize之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式，即“being done”結(jié)構(gòu)。] 考點(diǎn)5 1．B　[考查現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)。句意為：當(dāng)?shù)却龣C(jī)會(huì)升職的時(shí)候，Henry盡最大努力履行職責(zé)。這里使用了get done結(jié)構(gòu)，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。] 2．A　[考查形容詞作表語(yǔ)。句意為：對(duì)那些與家人離得比較遠(yuǎn)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，個(gè)人電腦和電話在保持聯(lián)系方面很重要。本句中的關(guān)鍵詞是stay(保持)，它是一個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。connected可作形容詞，意為“有聯(lián)系的，有來(lái)往的”，符合句意。] 3．B　[考查不定式作表語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞seem后只能接不定式，不接doing，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；又go wrong動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，故用不定式的完成式。] 考點(diǎn)6 1．A　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。________ your own needs and styles of munication作題干的主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式；因?yàn)椤傲私狻钡膭?dòng)作由自己發(fā)出，用主動(dòng)動(dòng)作；且是陳述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的一般式，故選A。] 2．C　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的“________ a security officer”；再根據(jù)句型“It is＋n.＋for sb.to do sth.”，故選to employ。] 3．D　[句意為：不論一個(gè)健談?wù)叨嗝绰斆鳎行r(shí)候最好還是保持沉默。復(fù)合句中when引導(dǎo)的從句的主語(yǔ)為形式主語(yǔ)it，此時(shí)真正的主語(yǔ)可以為主語(yǔ)從句或不定式。 ] 考點(diǎn)7 1．C　[考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：由于大部分時(shí)間坐在辦公桌前，辦公室職員通常被健康問(wèn)題所困擾。由于句中沒(méi)有連詞，故前半句要用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；time與spend之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞形式。] 2．D　[考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：演講結(jié)束后，緊跟著是一個(gè)生動(dòng)的互動(dòng)環(huán)節(jié)。由于句中沒(méi)有連詞，故前半句要用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；the lecture與give之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在動(dòng)詞follow之前，故選D項(xiàng)。] 3．A　[考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：如果天氣允許的話，聚會(huì)將在花園里舉行。weather permitting是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，即if weather permits。] 4．B　[考查with結(jié)構(gòu)。with后跟名詞或者代詞作賓語(yǔ)，后面的動(dòng)詞要用非謂語(yǔ)形式，這樣可以排除D項(xiàng)。follow的動(dòng)作是dog發(fā)出的，因此是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除C項(xiàng)；動(dòng)詞不定式表達(dá)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，而此處表達(dá)的是伴隨發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此排除A項(xiàng)。故選B項(xiàng)。句意為：晚飯后這對(duì)老夫妻經(jīng)常在公園里散步，他們的寵物狗跟在他們后面。] 考點(diǎn)8 1．D　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：如果落在不合適的人的手中，電子游戲就會(huì)有一個(gè)很壞的影響。leave的邏輯主語(yǔ)是video games，它們之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。if left...是“連詞＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。] 2．D　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：孩子們?cè)诟改傅呐阃虏疟辉试S進(jìn)入該體育館。因?yàn)閏hildren和acpany之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去分詞acpanied。此處是狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。當(dāng)主從句的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞一起省略，本題中的從句還原后是when they are acpanied by their parents。] 3．D　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：一旦結(jié)婚了，喬會(huì)全身心地照看孩子，當(dāng)家庭主婦。從句是省略句，完整句為once she was married。]  二輪專(zhuān)題強(qiáng)化練答案精析 強(qiáng)化練(二)　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 1．D　[句意為：——據(jù)說(shuō)約翰遜是今年你們大學(xué)第一個(gè)被晉升為教授的青年教師?！_實(shí)。相信他自己的能力是他成功的重要因素。由于young teacher前有the first修飾，故其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)；約翰遜已經(jīng)被提拔，應(yīng)用to have ben promoted結(jié)構(gòu)；另外，根據(jù)convince的用法，構(gòu)成be convinced of...，此處作主語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，選D項(xiàng)。] 2．C　[句意為：成群的顧客加入了阿里巴巴的光棍節(jié)，香港、美國(guó)和俄羅斯成為大陸以外的前三甲。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句后半部分應(yīng)該是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，Hong Kong，the U．S.and Russia為claim的邏輯主語(yǔ)，與claim之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選C項(xiàng)。] 3．C　[句意為：南京、鎮(zhèn)江、揚(yáng)州聯(lián)合發(fā)展計(jì)劃已經(jīng)公布，這些區(qū)域的居民將享受更加幸福的生活。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，逗號(hào)前應(yīng)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；另外plan是被公布，而且是已經(jīng)被公布，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，故選C項(xiàng)。] 4．B　[句意為：——史密斯小姐，請(qǐng)說(shuō)明一下周一的任務(wù)好嗎？——當(dāng)然可以。閱讀下一章，來(lái)上課的時(shí)候準(zhǔn)備好討論你所讀的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)為狀語(yǔ)，表示狀態(tài)。句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)與prepare之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用prepared表示被動(dòng)和完成，說(shuō)明到學(xué)校的時(shí)候已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了，而不是正在準(zhǔn)備或?qū)⒁獪?zhǔn)備，故選B項(xiàng)。] 5．A　[句意為：接受不是說(shuō)喜歡某種情況，而是承認(rèn)你所失去的并學(xué)會(huì)在有損失的情況下繼續(xù)生活下去。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知and連接兩個(gè)并列成分，acknowledging...和learning to...都作介詞about的賓語(yǔ)，都用動(dòng)名詞形式，故選A項(xiàng)。] 6．C　[句意為：船上的乘客認(rèn)為該由誰(shuí)來(lái)就這樣的事情做出最后的決定呢？特殊疑問(wèn)詞who是up to的賓語(yǔ)。It is up to sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中it為形式主語(yǔ)，to do sth.為真正的主語(yǔ)，故選C項(xiàng)。] 7．B　[句意為：我第一次見(jiàn)到他的時(shí)候，給我印象最深刻的是他那將近三尺的腰圍和210斤的體重。第一空用measuring nearly 3 chi作定語(yǔ)，修飾waistline，waistline與measure之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系；第二空用weighing 210 jin作定語(yǔ)，修飾his obesity，同樣his obesity與weigh之間也存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，兩空都用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，故選B項(xiàng)。] 8．C　[句意為：三分之一的烏克蘭人居住在靠近俄羅斯的東部地區(qū)，說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言是俄語(yǔ)，他們中的大多數(shù)人感覺(jué)跟俄羅斯更親近。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，逗號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容不應(yīng)該構(gòu)成句子，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，故選C項(xiàng)。] 9．C　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。句意為：你見(jiàn)過(guò)那些男生跳《小蘋(píng)果》嗎？畫(huà)面太美不忍直視。see sb.do sth.表示“見(jiàn)過(guò)某人做某事”；第二個(gè)空構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)fix one’s eyes on sth.，eyes和fix之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，故選C。]