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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 微專題強(qiáng)化練 一 語(yǔ)法必備7 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 一、單句填空 1．(xx北京，21改編)________(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 答案：To catch　To catch在此作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：為了趕上早航班，我們提前訂了出租車并且起得很早。 2．(xx北京，23改編)The park was full of people，________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. 答案：enjoying　enjoying為現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，與people形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。句意：公園里人山人海，他們?cè)阢逶≈?yáng)光愉快地玩耍。 3．(xx北京，31改編)If ________(accept) for the job, youll be informed soon. 答案：accepted　accept與主語(yǔ)you構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞。句意：如果你被錄用了，我們會(huì)很快通知你。 4．(xx天津，5改編)________(absorb) in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching. 答案：Absorbed　動(dòng)詞absorb有“使專心”之意，常見短語(yǔ)be absorbed in，所以用過去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)。 5．(xx天津，8改編)________(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 答案：Having worked　該題邏輯主語(yǔ)是Steve，與動(dòng)詞work是主謂關(guān)系，已知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為managed to finish，“成功完成”，比較動(dòng)作work和已知謂語(yǔ)可知，先工作兩天，才成功完成，因此用可表示發(fā)生在已知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的having worked。 6．(xx陜西，17改編)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________(thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 答案：to thank　go on后接to do或doing作賓語(yǔ)均可以，但是go on doing表示“繼續(xù)干同一件事”，而go on to do則表示“繼續(xù)干另一件事”。由語(yǔ)境可知，Anne Benedict在接受獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)后又繼續(xù)干另一件事，即：感謝幫助過她的人，故要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。句意：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之后，Anne Benedict繼續(xù)感謝所有曾經(jīng)在她的職業(yè)生涯中幫助過她的人。 7．(xx陜西，18改編)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take) good care of at home. 答案：taken　分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是“see＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是do，doing或者done。若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程，用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，即do；若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，用doing；若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。此處his mother與take good care of之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用taken作賓補(bǔ)。句意：在非洲醫(yī)療服務(wù)兩年后回來，李博士看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好，他很高興。 8．(xx浙江，18改編)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________(perform) live is quite another. 答案：being performed　由live(現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播)可知“聽到音樂正在被演奏”，故填being performed。 9．(xx湖南，30改編)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________(wonder) whether to stay or leave. 答案：wondering　句意：當(dāng)?shù)陠T看到一張慈祥的臉上擠出一副抱歉的笑容時(shí)，她愣愣地站在了那里，不知是去還是留。此句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是stood，所以wonder在此用ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 10．(xx湖南，34改編)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________(talk) over what is bothering them. 答案：to talk　talk over討論。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知act as a listening ear for fellow students to do sth.中的to do sth.是作students的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意：有時(shí)我充當(dāng)一個(gè)傾聽者來傾聽我的同學(xué)們討論他們的煩心事。 11．(xx重慶，11改編)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ______(use) the sun and the stars. 答案：using　using the sun and the stars在句中作狀語(yǔ)，與邏輯主語(yǔ)birds構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：像古代水手那樣，鳥可以利用太陽(yáng)和恒星來找到路。 12．(xx福建，28改編)________(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 答案：To learn　由語(yǔ)境可知，此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：為了更多地了解中國(guó)文化，杰克決定把中國(guó)民間音樂作為選修課。 13．(xx福建，33改編)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，________(bine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”． 答案：bining　由語(yǔ)境可知，infosphere與bine之間為主謂關(guān)系，故要用doing作狀語(yǔ)。句意：近幾年，一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞infosphere出現(xiàn)了，它把“信息”與“氣氛”的含義結(jié)合在一起。 14．(xx江蘇，24改編)Much time________(spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 答案：spent　本句為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。逗號(hào)后為主句，逗號(hào)前為獨(dú)立主格作原因狀語(yǔ)。time與spend是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填spent。句意：因?yàn)榛ㄙM(fèi)很多時(shí)間坐在桌子旁，辦公室職員一般都受健康問題的困擾。 15．(xx課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ，66)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough________(cool) the house during the hot day. 答案：to cool　句意為：當(dāng)新的一天到來時(shí)，這些墻已經(jīng)釋放完它們的熱量，現(xiàn)在冷得足夠能讓房子在炎熱的白天保持涼爽。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，be adj. enough to do sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“足夠……去做某事”。 二、單句改錯(cuò) 1．(xx黑龍江大慶鐵人學(xué)校期中)Even when it es to shake hands, ladies e first. 答案：shake改為shaking　在when it es to...句型中，to為介詞，所以要用動(dòng)名詞作to的賓語(yǔ)。 2．(xx河北保定模擬)The express pany will get allthese goods received delivering to the customers today. 答案：delivering改為delivered　句意為：快遞公司今天將會(huì)把所有這些收到的貨物派送給顧客們。deliver與其邏輯主語(yǔ)these goods之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即these goods為deliver動(dòng)作的承受者，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，此處為“get＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。 3．(xx遼寧)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside. 答案：understanding改為understand　Its difficult to do sth.意為“做某事是困難的”，其中to為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，其后要跟動(dòng)詞原形。故將understanding改為understand。 4．(xx山西太原聯(lián)考)I, together with my two friends, was eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant, locating in the center of New York. 答案：locating改為located　句意為：我和我的兩個(gè)朋友一起，正在位于紐約市中心的一家中餐館里用餐。(be) located in...為固定用法，意為“坐落于……”。故將locating改為located。 5．(xx吉林長(zhǎng)春外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校期中)We all enjoyed the precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together. 答案：remember改為remembering　句意為：我們所有人都很享受這寶貴的一天，記著我們一起度過的時(shí)光。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞enjoyed，因此remember應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；remember與主語(yǔ)we之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 6．(xx浙江重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體聯(lián)考)But now we often discuss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves. 答案：raising改為raised　句意：但現(xiàn)在我們經(jīng)常討論并盡力解決老師或我們自己提出來的問題。根據(jù)by可知，“問題”是“被老師或我們自己提出”，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。 7．(xx江西紅色六校聯(lián)考)The ability express ones idea somehow decides how far one can get along in ones college. 答案：express前加to　句意為：一個(gè)人表達(dá)思想的能力在一定程度上決定了他在大學(xué)里的發(fā)展。抽象名詞ability等詞后通常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。 8．(xx黑龍江大慶鐵人中學(xué)月考)The office of the Students Union will contact the choosing candidates for an interview in a few days. 答案：choosing改為chosen　句意為：幾天后，學(xué)生會(huì)辦公室將聯(lián)系已被選出的候選人來面試。這里指的是“已被選出的候選人”，表示被動(dòng)和完成，所以用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。 9．(xx江西上饒六校重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Travel to a place I have never been to certainly can broaden my mind. 答案：Travel改為Travelling　 作句子的主語(yǔ)，表示事實(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)詞原形不能作句子的主語(yǔ)。 10．(xx浙江臺(tái)州調(diào)研考試)They couldnt help say that their son had grown up. 答案：say改為saying　cant help doing“禁不住做某事”，是固定短語(yǔ)。 三、語(yǔ)法填空 (xx廣東中山一中等七校聯(lián)考改編) When I was young, we lived in what is now a forest preserve. People had the habit of abandoning dogs, __1__ drove my poor mother crazy! We were not rich and already had a dog. __2__(look) out of the window my mother plained to us about the irresponsible and cruel person, who had just thrown a dog. We __3__(tell) to stay away from the dog as we could not afford it. I felt __4__(extreme) upset, and I couldnt believe my mother refused to help the animal. She said, “Here we are not the only one. Let others take care __5__ the creature.” __6__ poor dog lay at the end of the driveway and hardly moved. I was very sad, but dared not say anything to my mother. Later that day I couldnt find my mother in the house. I looked in every room but she was __7__(go). Then I saw my mother __8__(e) home with the dog. We kids ran outside __9__(greet) our new friend. My mother didnt say why she __10__(change) her mind. Its not what you say. Its what you do. 1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 答案： 文章大意：作者一家遇到一只被拋棄的狗，開始作者的媽媽不想管它，因?yàn)樗麄兗茵B(yǎng)不起。但后來她還是把那條可憐的狗領(lǐng)回了家，作者也不知道為什么媽媽會(huì)改變主意。 1．which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，________drove my poor mother crazy為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞指代前面所說的內(nèi)容，故用which。 2．Looking　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，且與主語(yǔ)my mother之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 3．were told　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)we與動(dòng)詞tell之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，故使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4．extremely　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾形容詞upset應(yīng)使用extreme的副詞形式extremely。 5．of　考查動(dòng)詞搭配。take care of為固定搭配，意為“照顧……”。 6．The　考查冠詞。此處特指上文提到的被拋棄的狗，故用定冠詞。 7．gone　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意為：我找了每一間屋子，但是她不見了。設(shè)空處位于was之后，應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，gone意為“消失的，離去的”，符合語(yǔ)境。 8．ing　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞saw，且邏輯主語(yǔ)my mother與動(dòng)詞e之間存在著邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，see sb. doing sth.表示“看見某人正在做某事”，故填ing。 9．to greet　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處不定式表目的。 10．had changed　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指媽媽在回來之前改變了主意，即“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時(shí)。 四、短文改錯(cuò) (xx江西南昌十所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)模擬沖刺) When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin. Therefore, I couldnt understand “real music ”. After I graduated at high school, a friend of mine suggested that we started to learn the guitar because we all thought it was cool. I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in a guitar store. There I saw a guitar player playing the guitar, which I really enjoyed. He became my the first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful model. Now the guitar is the most importantly part of my life and I practice it every day. 答案： When I was a child, I spent more than ten years the violin. ， I couldnt understand “real music ”. After I graduated high school, a friend of mine suggested that we to learn the guitar because we thought it was cool. I will never forget the day on we went to buy guitars in a guitar store. There I saw a guitar player playing the guitar, which I really enjoyed. He became my the first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful . Now the guitar is the most part of my life and I practice it every day. 解析： 第一處：learn→learning　spend some time(in) doing sth.意為“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”，為固定搭配。 第二處：Therefore→However　前一句講“我”花費(fèi)十年多的時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)拉小提琴，后一句講我“不能理解真正的音樂”，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用However。 第三處：at→from　表示“從……畢業(yè)”應(yīng)用graduate from。 第四處：started→start　suggest作“建議”講時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)為should do，should可以省略，因此應(yīng)將動(dòng)詞過去式改為原形。 第五處：all→both　此處講“我”和“我”的一位朋友都認(rèn)為吉他很酷，表示“兩者都”應(yīng)用both。 第六處：that→which　此處先行詞為the day，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于“介詞＋which”，此處應(yīng)為on which，故將that改為which。 第七處：刪除the　形容詞性物主代詞my后面不能用定冠詞the。 第八處：在choose前加to　It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.為固定句型，意為“做某事需要花費(fèi)某人……時(shí)間”，it為形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作真正的主語(yǔ)。 第九處：model→models　several后面接名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第十處：importantly→important　修飾名詞part應(yīng)該用形容詞形式important。