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Population,Unit 3 language in use,Articles,冠詞,Grammar,1. 冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使 用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞 的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。,2. 冠詞分為不定冠詞a(an) 和定冠詞the兩種。,一.復(fù)習(xí)不定冠詞的用法,分析 ：a和an均用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，表示一類人或事物中的“任何”一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的“一”，但不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目的概念。,不定冠詞的用法,,1 Jack’s father is _____ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. /,2 There is ____ “f” and ____ “u” in the word “four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a, an,分析 ：在名詞前使用a或an要取決于該名詞的讀音。如果首字母的讀音是元音因素，應(yīng)用an；如果首字母的讀音是輔音音素，應(yīng)用a。,不定冠詞的用法,1. a, e, i, o, u五個(gè)元音字母處于詞首 時(shí)，未必都是元音音素，u發(fā)音 [ju:]或[ju]前面用冠詞a，u讀[?]時(shí) 前面用冠詞an。,不定冠詞的用法,2. 26個(gè)字母中以開頭為元音音素發(fā)音的 字母有：f [ef], h [eit], l [el], n [en], r [a:], s [es], x [eks] 。 There is an “R” in the word. This is a European country. European詞首字母不發(fā)音， [j]是輔 音音素。 This is a one-eyed dog. one [w]是輔音音素。,不定冠詞的用法,3---Why not take ____ friend with you? ---That’s ____ good idea. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a,分析 使用不定冠詞指某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明是 何人或何物。,不定冠詞的用法,4 Take the medicine three times ____ day. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 使用不定冠詞表示單位，fifty miles an hour意為“每小時(shí)50公里”，twice a week意為“每周兩次”。,不定冠詞的用法,5. English is _____language. It is _____ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, /,分析 a language意為“一種語(yǔ)言”。language 是可數(shù)名詞。,不定冠詞的用法,6____ steel worker makes steel. A./ B. A C. This D. That,分析 a(an)放于單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前表 示“一類”。該句中 a steel worker是指 鋼鐵工人們。表示一類有三種方式： A bike is slower than a car. The bike is slower than the car. Bikes are slower than cars.,不定冠詞的用法,7 Tom has ____ high fever and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 表示生什么病前應(yīng)用a, have a headache, have a cold。,不定冠詞的用法,8 Mary takes ____ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C./ D. one,分析 give, take, have與一些動(dòng)詞名 詞化的詞連用，表示一次動(dòng)作，名 詞前要加a。 have a talk (bath, look); make a living (promise); take a swim (walk, rest) give a talk (whistle, smile),不定冠詞的用法,9 The old woman had____ fire in her room. A. the B./ C. a D. this,分析 抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞的具體化時(shí)，該名詞前要加a。 It is a great joy to study at this college. This kind of wood can make into a good paper. He made a living by selling newspaper.,不定冠詞的用法,二、復(fù)習(xí)：定冠詞的用法,１There is ___bridge over the river. ___ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A,分析 文章中第一次出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞 前用a(an)。下次再出現(xiàn)此名詞則用the。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.,定冠詞的用法,２ ___ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This D. That,分析 名詞后有表示范圍、地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)限定時(shí)，名詞前應(yīng)加the來(lái)表示特指。 The boys here are interested in sports.,定冠詞的用法,3 ____ first one sat down and the second stood up. A. The B. A C. One D. An,分析 序數(shù)詞前表示順序時(shí)前加the。 Mary is the third to come in.,定冠詞的用法,４Winter is ____ coldest season of the year. A. a B. the C./ D. so,分析 形容詞最高級(jí)前及Only修飾的名詞前均要加 the。 Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.,定冠詞的用法,５____ moon moves around __ earth, and they both are smaller than ____ sun. A. The, the, the B. A, an, a C. The, an, the D. The, the, a,分析 定冠詞用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú) 二的物體名詞前。,定冠詞的用法,６We live in ____ south of China. A. the B./ C. a D. some,分析 表示東、南、西、北方的名詞前要加the。 The sun rises in the east.,定冠詞的用法,７____ browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A./ B. The C. Mr. D.A,分析 the放于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前時(shí)，表示一家人或一姓的夫婦二人。,定冠詞的用法,８He will go to see you off at ___ Railway Station. A. a B. an C. the D./,分析 the＋普通名詞構(gòu)成專有名詞。 the United States／the United Nations the People’s Republic of China,定冠詞的用法,９I was playing ____ piano at eight yesterday morning. A. a B./ C. the D. this,分析 play＋樂器表示彈奏時(shí)，該樂器名 詞前加 the。 Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute. 表示數(shù)量時(shí)可用a。 This is a new piano against the wall.,定冠詞的用法,10 Our teacher gets up early in ____ morning. A. the B./ C. a D. an,分析 牢記一些含the的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，在 句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 in the afternoon (evening)／ in the daytime at the beginning／in the end,定冠詞的用法,11 There is a large ship in ____middle of the river. A. a B./ C. the D. any,分析 牢記一些含the的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，在句 中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 on the right (left)/in the front of in the middle of the meeting / the forest/ at the foot of the hill,定冠詞的用法,12 Last night we went to ____ cinema. A. the B. a C./ D. those,分析 牢記一些固定搭配： go to the concert (theatre),定冠詞的用法,13 ____ young should care for and help ____ old. A. The, a B. The, the C. A, the D. An, an,分析 the＋形容詞（形容詞名詞化） 表示一類人或事物。 the poor / the rich / the sick / the beautiful,定冠詞的用法,14 The small town lies on ____ Yangtzi River. A. a B. an C./ D. the,分析 定冠詞the用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島名稱的前面。 the Dead Sea / the Black Sea the North China Plain華北平原,定冠詞的用法,三. 復(fù)習(xí)零冠詞的用法,不用冠詞就叫做零冠詞,例1 Paper is made of ____ bamboo. A. a B. the C. / D. that,分析 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前一般不加冠詞。 Wood can be made into chairs and tables. Iron is a kind of metal.,零冠詞的用法,２ ____ January is the first month of the year. A. The B. A C. / D. That,分析 表示節(jié)日、月份的名詞前一般 不加the。Spring is coming. He was born in December. 如果表示有某年限定的季節(jié)和月份時(shí)，季節(jié)和月份前要加the。 He was born in the Summer of 1964.,零冠詞的用法,３We have no classes ____ Sundays. A. the B. these C. \ D. those,分析 表示一周中七日的名稱前一般不加冠詞。,零冠詞的用法,４I studies ___English in___ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the,分析 學(xué)科前和國(guó)名、洲名前一般不加 冠詞。 learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry) China is in Asia. in Germany (Japan) in Africa (Europe …),零冠詞的用法,５They often take a walk in ____ Hyde Park. A. the B. a C. / D. this,分析 在一些專有名詞（地名、節(jié)假日）之前不加冠詞。 Christmas Day New year’s Eve National Day Children’s Day Teachers’ Day Wall Street,零冠詞的用法,６The thief was thrown into ___ prison. A. the B. a C. this D. /,分析 表示某一概念，而不是某具體工 作的部門時(shí)，名詞前不加冠詞。,零冠詞的用法,背會(huì)下列詞組： go to work (college, school, hospital, church) be in hospital (school, bed, prison) go to school/ go to the school上這所學(xué)校 go to bed/ be on the bed東西擺在床上 go to class (be in class)/ be in the class 在教室里,零冠詞的用法,７He doesn’t have ____ breakfast at home. A. a B. the C. this D. /,分析 表示三餐的名詞前不加冠詞，如果前面有形容詞修飾該詞，表示 “一頓…的飯”，可加a。 have a big supper (nice lunch),零冠詞的用法,８We go to work by __ bus. A. / B. a C. the D. one,分析 表示交通工具的手段時(shí)，用by＋名詞表示，該名詞前不用冠詞。by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship)或by sea (water, air, land) 如果用介詞in或on，名詞前要加冠詞或物主代詞。,零冠詞的用法,９____ running is good. A. The B. A C. / D. An,分析 動(dòng)名詞前一般不用冠詞。 Walking on the moon is difficult. Seeing is believing.,零冠詞的用法,10 These boys play ____ football after class. A. a B. the C. that D. /,分析 球類、棋類、游戲名稱前不加冠詞。,零冠詞的用法,11 The students of ____ Grade One are having a meeting. A. these B. / C. a D. an,分析 名詞＋數(shù)詞表示順序時(shí)，前面不加冠詞the；序數(shù)詞＋名詞表示順序數(shù)，序數(shù)詞前加冠詞the。 turn to page3/ the third page Lesson One/ the first lesson gate Five/ the fifth Gate,零冠詞的用法,12 There is no ____ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D. /,分析 名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或any和 no時(shí)，均 不再用冠詞。 no books, not a book, not any books,零冠詞的用法,13 He often works late at ____ night. A. / B. the C. a D. all,分析 表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的一些介詞＋名詞的詞組和一些固定詞組中，均不加冠詞。 at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。,零冠詞的用法,14 What does this word mean, ____? A. my father B. Father C. father D. a father,分析家庭成員的稱呼、稱呼語(yǔ)或只一人擔(dān)任的職務(wù)名詞前不用冠詞。 He is secretary of our lab. Mother is cooking while father is reading newspaper. father和mother大寫時(shí)前不加物主代詞，小寫時(shí)前要加物主代詞，如：my father, his mother。,零冠詞的用法,注意： 有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞，其 意義有所不同。如： 1) at table 在吃飯 at the table 在桌子旁 2) in class 在上課 in the class 在班級(jí)中,3) go to school 去上學(xué) go to the school 到那所學(xué)校去 4) go to bed 上床睡覺 go to the bed 到床那邊去 5) in front of 在…的前面 in the front of 在…的前部,1. 表示一類人或事物中的“任何” 一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中“一”， 但不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目的概念。 2. 指某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明 是何人或何物。 3. 表示單位 4. 表示“一類”,總結(jié)：不定冠詞的用法,summary,1. 文章中第一次出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞前 用a (an)。下次再出現(xiàn)此名詞時(shí)。 2. 名詞后有表示范圍、地點(diǎn)的介詞 短語(yǔ)限定時(shí) 3. 序數(shù)詞前表示順序時(shí) 4. 形容詞最高級(jí)前及only修飾的名詞 前。 5. 定冠詞用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的 物體名詞前。,總結(jié)：定冠詞的用法,6. 表示東、南、西、北方的名詞前 7. 姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前時(shí),表示一家人 或一姓的夫婦二人 8. the＋普通名詞構(gòu)成專有名詞。 9. play＋樂器表示彈奏時(shí)，該樂器名 詞前加 the。 10. the＋形容詞（形容詞名詞化） 表示一類人或事物 11. 定冠詞the用在江河、海洋、山脈、 湖泊、群島名稱的前面,1. 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前一般不加冠詞 2. 表示節(jié)日、月份的名詞前一般不加the 3. 表示一周中七日的名稱前一般不加冠詞 4. 學(xué)科前和國(guó)名、洲名前一般不加冠詞 5. 在一些專有名詞（地名、節(jié)假日） 之前不加冠詞,不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合,6. 表示某一概念，而不是某具體工作的 部門時(shí)，名詞前不加冠詞 7. 表示三餐的名詞前不加冠詞 8. 表示交通工具的手段時(shí)，用by＋名詞表 示，該名詞前不用冠詞。 9. 動(dòng)名詞前一般不用冠詞。 10. 球類、棋類、游戲名稱前不加冠詞。,11.名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代 詞、名詞所有格或any和 no時(shí)，均不再 用冠詞 12.表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的一些介詞＋名詞的詞 組和一些固定詞組中，均不加冠詞 13.家庭成員的稱呼、稱呼語(yǔ)或只一人擔(dān)任 的職務(wù)名詞前不用冠詞,在英語(yǔ)中，對(duì)于萬(wàn)以上的數(shù)字，我們改如何表達(dá)呢？這就要記住英語(yǔ)數(shù)字讀法特點(diǎn)。以下面一個(gè)數(shù)字為例：,6，500，431，729,,,,,,,,,hundred,thousand,million,billion,注意每三個(gè)數(shù)為一個(gè)單位，按照百、 十、個(gè)向下讀。,在英語(yǔ)中對(duì)大數(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)：,6，500，431，729,,,,,,,,,seven hundred and twenty-nine,thousand,million,billion,six billion,,five hundred million,,four hundred and thirty-one thousand,,hundred,,,,,4. Work in pairs. Guess the population of each country in the list. Write the list in order, starting from the largest population.,China the US Australia New Zealand,4,437,000 22,956,000 314,791,000 1370,537,000,Now, listen and check.,,,,,5. Read the chart and answer the questions.,1 Which city had the largest population in 2000? 2 Which city’s population will increase fastest from 2000 to 2025?,Tokyo had the largest population in 2000.,Mumbai’s population will increase fastest from 2000 to 2025.,3 Which will be the larger, the increase in New York’s population or in Mexico City’s? 4.Which city / cities do you think will have the biggest population problem? Why?,The increase in Mexico’s population will be larger.,The increase in New York’s population will be smaller.,Exercise,1.There’s no air or water on ____ moon. 2. ___ Yellow River is ___ second longest river in ___ China. 3. My mother bought me ___ very nice bike. I like ____ bike very much. 4. Xiao Ming likes playing ____ basketball, but he doesn’t like playing _____ piano.,the,The,the,a,the,/,the,填入正確的冠詞,/,5. The students don’t have classes in ___ afternoon on ____ Saturday. 6. I often watch TV in ____ evening. 7. Let’s go out for ____ walk. 8. What would you like for lunch, __ coffee or ____ milk?,the,/,the,a,/,/,填入正確的冠詞,1. - Is it ___ English dictionary? - Yes, and it is ___ useful one. A. a, a B. a, an C. an, a D. an, an 2. There’s ___ dictionary on ___ desk near the window. A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. the, the 3. ___ earth we live on is bigger than ___ moon. A. The, a B. The, the C. An, a D. An, the,中考練兵,Write a, an, or the where necessary.,Exercises,Mina is ___eighteen-year-old girl. She’s got ___brother and __ sister. Mina is ___ oldestchild in ___ family. ____Citywhere shelives is very big. ____ population is morethan 10 million. Mina doesn’t have ___education. She has __ job working in __factory. She hopes that one day she willhave __ chance to go to __ college,an,a,a,the,the,The,The,an,a,a,a,/,Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box,1.Webelieve the schools in Armwick are very good ,and we are working to make them even _________ 2.The flat is too large for two people,They want to find a____ one . 3.Anna always talk about her idears .I thank she needs to listen _____ 4.There are a lot of parks in this city .I think there are _____parks in a lot of other cities.,few good much small,,good,much,small,few,Free talk,Complete the diagram showing population problems.,air city countryside crime hospital increase illness water,People move from _______________ People arrive in _______________ Problem: Population _________,,,Problems for the enviroment Examples: pollution of ___________________ ________________ ____________________,Health problems Examples: _________________ _________________,the countryside,the city,increases,water; the air…,too many illnesses; not enough hospitals,,Problem for police Examples: ________________,crime,Thank you!,