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專題一 名詞,專題一 名詞,分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞詞義辨析的考查主要為語境辨析。其中主要涉及同類名詞語境辨析的考查, 包括地點(diǎn)類、稱呼類、身體部位類、物品類、顏色類、國家及地區(qū)類、飲食類等名詞的辨析。對于此類試題，考生應(yīng)該按照類別來記憶。此外，有些題可以通過分析語境和邏輯關(guān)系確定正確答案?？忌鲞@類題時(shí)，首先要掌握足夠的詞匯量，其次結(jié)合生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識，理解句意，推測語境，最后得出正確答案。 甘肅中考?？嫉耐惷~列舉如下：,,1,名詞詞義辨析,考點(diǎn)小練,1.I’m a littlze hungry now. I only drank some this morning. A. bread B. milk C. banana D. noodle,B,2.The passengers’ safety mostly depends on the when the plane is flying. A. engineer B. pilot C. programmer D. teacher,B,3.Kate will arrive in Beijing. We are all at the to pick her up. A. station B. library C. restaurant D. hotel,A,4.I didn’t send an e-mail to Mary because my is broken down. A. clock B. computer C. pen D. bike,B,5.The Chinese saying“A tree can’t make a forest”tells us that is very important in a football match. A. ability B. decision C. teamwork D.experience,C,6.We all want to try something new, but finding the_________ to start is always the hardest part. A. idea B. pride C. courage D. progress,C,7.The charity show was a big _______. We have raised much money for Project Hope. A. success B. surprise C. suggestion D. stress,A,8.The two countries have reached a(n) _________to share the latest information about science and technology so that they can develop together. A. achievement B. agreement C. suggestion D. conversation,B,9.Smoking is not allowed in this meeting . It is a bad behavior. A. room B. home C. house D. family,A,2,名詞的數(shù),分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞的數(shù)主要考查可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。,1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,◆規(guī)則變化表,◆不規(guī)則變化表,巧記口訣,名詞復(fù)數(shù)有規(guī)律, 一般詞尾加-s；,輔音字母+y型, 變y為i加-es；,ch, sh, s, x真有趣, 全部都加-es；,f, fe特殊記，一般字母v來替，-es在后別忘記；,字母o來真神奇, 有生命加-es, 沒有生命加-s。,2.常見不可數(shù)名詞的歸納與用法,◆常見的不可數(shù)名詞,◆不可數(shù)名詞的量的表示,不可數(shù)名詞的多少可用以下詞組來表示： a block of一塊;a bottle of 一瓶;a group of 一群;a pair of 一組/雙/對;a piece of一片(張/塊);a pile of 一堆。 短語a pair (piece) of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，中心詞是a pair(piece), 故謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若是短語two pairs (pieces) of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，則中心詞是two pairs, 故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,◆常見的不可數(shù)名詞,考點(diǎn)小練,10.My grandma often tells me some interesting (story) before I go to bed.,stories,11.There used to be many (wolf), but only a few of them remain now.,wolves,12.Don’t eat too much sugar. It’s bad for your (tooth).,teeth,13.My little sister learned to make two (cake) yesterday.,cakes,14.I will go to the US for further study in three (month).,months,3,名詞所有格,分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對名詞所有格在語法與情景對話、任務(wù)型完形填空、詞匯中考查。 如何判斷名詞所有格： 1.當(dāng)空格后為名詞，且空前為形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)； 2.當(dāng)有兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，注意判斷某物是共有還是各自所有。,考點(diǎn)小練,15. mothers are waiting for them at the school gate. Tell them to go there at once after class. A. Lucy and Lily’s B. Lucy’s and Lily’s C. Lucy and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily,B,,16.Uncle Wang is an excellent engineer. He is a friend of . A. my father B. my father’s C. my fathers D. my fathers’,B,17. music teacher is Miss Zhang and she is a very beautiful woman. A. Ann and her brother B. Ann and her brother’s C. Ann’s and her brother D. Ann’s and her brother’s,B,18.—There is an MP5 on the desk. Whose is this? —It can be my , for she bought one yesterday. A. sister B. sister’s C. sisters’ D. sisters,B,19.—How far is your home from school？ —It’s about two walk. A. hours B. hours’ C. hour’s D. hour,B,4,名詞作定語,針對名詞作定語，考生須掌握以下兩種形式結(jié)構(gòu)：,1.名詞修飾名詞,（1）作定語的名詞一般用單數(shù)形式，變復(fù)數(shù)只需將中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。 如：country music鄉(xiāng)村音樂； girl student girl students女學(xué)生。 （2）當(dāng)man和woman作定語時(shí)，變復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)將中心詞及man或woman 都變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：man driver men drivers男司機(jī)； woman teacher women teachers女教師。,,,,2.“數(shù)詞-名詞”修飾名詞(2015省卷45題，2015蘭州45題),（1）“數(shù)詞-名詞單數(shù)”形式，可將作定語的名詞變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的所有格形式。 如：a two-day holiday=two days’holiday兩天的假期；a ten-minute walk=ten minute’s walk 步行十分鐘的路程。 （2）“數(shù)詞-名詞單數(shù)-形容詞”形式。 如：a 15-year-old girl一個(gè)十五歲大的女孩； a 10-meter-long bridge一座十米長的橋。,考點(diǎn)小練,20.Kate is girl. She’s very happy at school. A. a eighteen year old B. an eighteen-year-old C. an eighteen-years old D. a eighteen years old,B,21.—What kind of noodles would you like? — . A. Mutton and tomatoes noodles B. Mutton and tomato noodles C. Muttons and tomatoes noodles D. Muttons and tomato noodles,B,22.We should wear when we play ball games. A. sport shoes B. sport shoe C. sports shoes D. sports shoe,C,23.This chair is not stable, so it has to be repaired. A. three-leg B. three leg C. three-legs D. third legs,A,24.There are so many in front of my house. I often pick up apples from them in autumn. A. apple tree B. apples tree C. apples trees D. apple trees,D,5,用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,名詞變形容詞規(guī)則表,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,考點(diǎn)小練,25.Each of us should read an (education) book during the winter vacation.,educational,,26.After the earthquake, hundreds of people became ___________ (home).,homeless,27.All of us hope the life in high school will be ___________ (meaning).,meaningful,28.For getting a better job, we should develop our interests and always learn more ___________(skill).,skills,29.Linda is very___________ (friend). She never tells a bad word about others.,friendly,30.I am ___________ (luck) to have the chance to attend such an important meeting.,lucky,6,合成詞詞義辨析,此類詞匯是英語中常見構(gòu)詞法中的合成詞，由兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的單詞合成一個(gè)新詞。此處羅列常見的合成詞。如：,◆合成名詞：,（1）room類： classroom教室；bedroom臥室；bathroom洗手間；workroom工作室； reading room閱覽室；living room起居室；sitting room客廳；washing room盥洗室； waiting room等侯室。 （2）work類： housework家務(wù)；homework家庭作業(yè)；schoolwork學(xué)校作業(yè)。 （3）man類： policeman警察；fisherman漁夫；chairman主席；postman郵遞員； salesman(男)銷售員；businessman商人；workman工人。,拓展：其他詞性的合成詞,◆合成形容詞：downhill下坡的；worldwide全世界的；goodlooking好看的。,◆合成副詞：downstairs在樓下；hotfoot匆忙地；beforehand事先；forever永遠(yuǎn)。,◆合成動詞：overthrow推翻；overcome克服。,考點(diǎn)小練,31.In the future, I want to be a __________to make the society much safer. A. policeman B. postman C. workman D. milkman,A,32. I want to buy a book. Can you tell me where the nearest __________ is? A. bookshop B. workshop C. teashop D. bakeshop,A,