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2019-2020年高三英語 虛擬語氣復(fù)習(xí) 條件句 真實(shí)條件句:假設(shè)的情況是可能發(fā)生的. 虛擬條件句:假設(shè)的情況不可能發(fā)生或可能性很小. Ⅰ、虛擬語氣在條件句中 從句謂語動(dòng)詞 主句謂語動(dòng)詞 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 與過去事實(shí)相反 與將來事實(shí)可能相反 If she knew as much about music as you do , my daughter would play the piano much better. You wouldn’t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes. If it rained /should rain /were to rain , the crops would be saved. 注意： ⒈省略if的虛擬條件句:從句謂語中有______、________、_________時(shí)，可以省略if，且將其放在主語前。 ① If I had known, I might have joined in your discussion. _________________, I might have joined in your discussion. ②If I were in your place , I wouldn’t give it up. ____________________, I wouldn’t give it up. ③If it should rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. ___________________________, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. ④Would Ma Li e to Brunei, I would meet her at the airport.(改 錯(cuò)) ⒉錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)虛擬條件句 If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I hadn’t fallen in love , at the age of seven, with the library in my hometown. ① Had Paul received six more votes in the last election , he _________our chairman now. A.must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be ②If you _______Jerry Brown until recently , you’d think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted ③I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible , but I ________fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were B. had been C. have been D. was ④If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d ____there by now. A. be B. have C. are D. were ⑤If I had seen the movie, I ______you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told ⒊含蓄虛擬條件句：句中不含條件句，而是通過介詞短語、連詞、 分詞或上下文表示一個(gè)隱含的條件，常用的介詞及連詞有 otherwise, without , but for , under, or , but ,were it not for等。 ①We could have done better under more favorable conditions . ________we had been provided with _______ _______ _____, We could have done better. ② Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she might have offered some better suggestions. ________Jane ______ ______ _______ the discussion, she might have offered some better suggestions. ③ Were it not for the snowy weather , we _____all right . A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be ④Without electronic puters, much of today’s advanced technology. A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved ⑤He was very busy yesterday , otherwise he _____to the meeting. A. would e B. came C. would have e D. had e ⑥---Congratulations. ----Thank you .But for your help , we _________in the experiment. A. will never succeed B. shouldn’t have succeeded C. couldn’t have succeeded D. mustn’t have succeeded ⒋用if only 引出虛擬條件句，表示一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈的愿望。 ① 要是我知道這個(gè)問題的答案該多好！ _______________________________________ ② Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______your advice. A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed ⒌不用if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句 虛擬語氣除了用于if 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句外,還可以用于as if , unless, in case , for fear , on condition 等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句. I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow. ① He’s working hard for fear that he ________. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind Ⅱ、虛擬語氣在主語從句 謂語動(dòng)詞用“（should） + 動(dòng)詞原形” ，表示必要、重要、建議、命令、要求、需要、驚奇、懷疑、惋惜等。 It is important /necessary/ strange /natural/ surprising + that… It is a pity / a shame / no wonder + that … It is suggested /ordered / demanded/ requested /decided +that … It is suggested that something ______ ______ ________(do) to reduce pollution. It is important that we _______ ________(unite) with all that can be united in the struggle . Ⅲ、虛擬語氣在賓語從句 ⒈wish 表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 謂語動(dòng)詞 現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 過去不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 將來不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 I wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation. How I wish I could fly! ① I wish that I _______with you last night. A. went B. had gone C. could go D. could have gone ② I wish I _______with her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were ③ “ I wish you _______me to put these things away ,”he said. A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help ⒉would rather 表示一種主觀愿望 謂語動(dòng)詞 過去的愿望 現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿? I would rather I hadn’t told him the news. --Do you feel like walking there or shall we take a bus? -- I’d like to walk . But since there isn’t much time left , I’d rather you took a taxi. ①---I failed again . ---Regretful now ? I would rather you ______that much time on puter games. A. won’t spend B. didn’t spend C. haven’t spent D. hadn’t spent ②I’d just as soon ________rudely to her. A. that you won’t speak B. you not speaking C. you not speak D. you didn’t speak ⒊insist / order /mand / suggest/ advise / propose / require / demand / request /ask / desire/ intend 之類表示“建議，命令，要求，欲望”等的動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句：謂語用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形 The workers demanded that their pay (should ) be raised by 20﹪. 比較：Her pale face suggests that she____(be) in poor health. Why do you suggest _______( sent) to work there? The young man insisted that he ___(do) nothing wrong. The people present at the meeting all insisted that the river _____(not pollute) again. Ⅳ、虛擬語氣在其他句型 ⒈虛擬語氣在表語從句 表示間接的命令，要求，請(qǐng)求，建議，決定等，主句的主語通常為suggestion, decision , order ,idea, advice , request , plan ,proposal 等詞，從句謂語用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。 His suggestion is that we should hold a meeting to discuss the problem. ⒉. 虛擬語氣在同位語從句 當(dāng)同位語從句修飾的名詞為order ,suggestion ,advice, plan ,idea ,proposal等詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形 All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory (should) be closed down. ⒊虛擬語氣用于even if /though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句:謂語形式與虛擬條件句中相應(yīng)的謂語形式一樣. We couldn’t have finished the work even if he had been here yesterday. ⒋虛擬語氣用于as if/though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句 謂語動(dòng)詞 現(xiàn)在沒能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情 過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情 將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情 I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday . The man looked worried as if something would happen to him. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. ① Looking around the town , he felt as though he _____away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been ②John is so strongly built that he looks as if he _____an elephant. A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift ③He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _______a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been ⒌虛擬語氣在定語從句 常在“It is (high) time + (that)….”句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“過去式”或“should+動(dòng)詞原形” It is high time that you got down to your studies. ① It is time that the government ______measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking ⒍虛擬語氣在簡(jiǎn)單句中的應(yīng)用 ① 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式（would和could）用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子中：表示說話人的客氣，、謙虛、禮貌、委婉語氣等。 Would you be kind enough to open the door? ② 過去式用在某些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中，表示現(xiàn)在的情況，如:had better ,would rather 等。 Which would you rather have ,tea or coffee? ③ may置于句首表示祝愿 May you be happy! ④ 謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望或祝愿。 God bless you! 練習(xí) Ⅰ、用正確形式填空 1. I _____(ask) my parents for help if I ______(be ) you. 2. If you ________(e ) to my house yesterday , you _____(see) my cousin John. 3. He ________(show) you the pictures he took in the summer holidays if you ________(be ) to see him tomorrow . But it seems you are too busy to go. 4. __________Dr Smith _______(travel) to Paris ,he _______(take) some pictures before the Eiffel Tower. 5. _________I _________(meet) Andy Lau some day, I ______(ask) him for a signature. 6. Given more time, Ben ________(do) the work much better. Ⅱ、改錯(cuò) 1. If I am a fish ,I could swim freely in the sea. 2. If he goes to Vienna , he would go boating on the Rein. 3. Are you to explore the Sahara Desert, you could see some wonderful sunsets there. 4. If I could have told you about the differences between ancient China and Rome , I will have. 5. Have you told me about it earlier, I would have finished the whole task before the due date. 6. When Edison died ,it was suggested that the Americans turned off all power in honour of this great man . 7. If he didn’t choose to save the girl , he wouldn’t have drowned. 8. If he had lain quietly as the doctor instructed , he will suffer so much now. 9. Without air, the surface of the Earth will be very hot in the day but cold at night . 10. He shook his head as if he is against the plan. Ⅲ、句型轉(zhuǎn)換 用虛擬語氣完成下列各句。 1. It’s a pity that I can’t be with you in the next three months. How I wish I _____ _____ with you in the next three months. 2. You are badly ill because you didn’t see the doctor. If you ____ _______the doctor , you wouldn’t be badly ill. 3. It is wet outside . So we don’t allow the children to play in the garden. If it _____ ______wet outside , we would allow the children to play in the garden. 4. I didn’t take his advice , and now I regret a lot. _______ _______ I _____ _______his advice. 5. We usually go to bed at 10:00 . But now it’s 11:30. It is ______time we _______to bed. 6. He made many mistakes and he didn’t pass the test. If he _______ ________many mistakes , he ____ _____ ____the test . 同義句改寫。 1. If it were not for the rain , the crops would die . The crops would die ______ ______ _______. 2. If they hadn’t offered us potatoes they offered, we would have died. _______ _______the potatoes they offered, we would have died. 3. How I wish it were Sunday today. ______ _______it were Sunday today. 4. If Tom had e , we would have caught the thief. _______ Tom _______, we would have caught the thief. Ⅳ、單項(xiàng)選擇 1. He was denied by the university this semester, but if he ______before August 15, he ________. A. applied ; would be accepted B. applied; had been accepted C. had applied; should have been accepted D. had applied ; would have been accepted 2._________ for the doctor’s careful treatment , he ______ till last year. A. If it is not ; can’t live B. Were it not ; couldn’t live C. Had it not been; couldn’t have lived D. If they were not; couldn’t live 3._________listened to me , Thomas would not have failed in the exam. A. If he has B. Had he C. If he D. As soon as 4. –We missed you at this morning’s meeting , Charles. --I’m sorry , but if I ________to meet a friend , I ______there. A. were not to have ; would be B. shouldn’t have ; would have been C. hadn’t had ; would have been D. hadn’t had ; should be 5. If Williams ________ here last Sunday, he _____me from losing my temper. A. had been ; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 6. If I had worn my overcoat , I _______ a cold . A. won’t have caught B. won’t catch C. couldn’t have caught D. wouldn’t catch 7. If it ______ another five minutes , the concert would have been postponed. A. had rained B. would have rained C. have rained D. rained 8. If the safety precautions against the accidents _________, the miners _______ a chance of surviving then. A. were taken; would have B. were taken ; will have C. had been taken ; didn’t have D. had been taken ; would have had 9. I have no time now. If I ______time , I _______fishing with you. A. had ; may go B. had had ; would have gone C. had; would go D. have ; shall go 10.If you ______ here a bit earlier, you would have caught the train. A. had arrived B. arrived C. would arrive D. arrive 11. If I ________in the 21st century , I ______my holiday in a very different way. A. well live; should spend B. are living; should have spent C. will be living ; would have spent D. should live; would spend 12. _______, I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 13. If I _______out of ink, I might have finished writing the paper. A. hadn’t run B. shouldn’t run C. didn’t run D. haven’t run 14. _______the work , he would do it some other way. A. Was he doing B. If he does C. Were he to do D. If he is doing 15. –Did you go to see the football match yesterday? --No . I didn’t feel well , but I would have gone if I __________. A. did B. would C. had D. have 16. It would be impossible for him to leave hospital tomorrow if he __________first aid when the accident happened. A . hadn’t been given B. wasn’t be given C. shouldn’t be given D. wouldn’t be given 17. Jack can’t have arrived , otherwise he _______ me. A. would have telephoned B. would telephone C. must have telephoned D. should have telephoned 18.A few minutes earlier and we _______ the train. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to caught 19.The boy died in the hospital . He ______if he ______to hospital two hours earlier. A. might have save; was sent B. could have saved; had sent C. could have been saved; had been sent D. had been saved ; would be sent 20. Recently quite a lot of experts _______that another law on wildlife protection______ as soon as possible. A. suggested; must be passed B. have suggested; be passed C. were suggesting; was passed D. suggested ; being passed 21.If you _______that movie last night , you wouldn’t be so sleepy now. A. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch C. hadn’t watched D. wouldn’t have watched 22.He ______ the job well, but he ________so careless. A. had done ; had been B. could do ; was C. could have done; was D. hadn’t done ; had been 23. ---Look at the black clouds. It ________soon. ---Sure . If only we ________out/ A. is raining ; didn’t start B. is to rain ; won’t start C. will rain; haven’t started D. is going to rain ; hadn’t started 24.Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If only I ______your advice. A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed 25.I’m glad I went over all my notes ,otherwise _________. A.I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed 26. –Don’t you think it necessary that he ______to the USA to study? ---I agree, but the problem is ______he has refused to. A. will be sent; that B. be sent; that C. should be sent ; what D. should send ; what 27. Some women _______a good salary in a job instead of staying at home , but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. A. could have made B. should have made C. would make D. must make 28. Thomas sometimes wishes that he _______in a small town . A. not live B. had not lived C. does not live D. were not living 29. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _____badly wounded and that he ______at once . A. should be ; be operated on B. were; must be operated on C. was ; should be operated D. was ; be operated on 30. His failure in the experiment suggested that he ______his teacher’s proper instructions. A. should not have followed B. should not follow C. must have followed D. hadn’t followed