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The Present Perfect Tense,,現(xiàn)在完成時,一)構(gòu)成:,have/has+動詞過去分詞,,三、過去分詞的構(gòu)成,travelled,moved,stayed,owned,learned,visited,stopped,finished,shopped,repaired,A 規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞,規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)律 1 一般情況下，動詞詞尾加 -ed ，如： work ---worked play---played want----wanted act----acted 2、以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾動詞，動詞詞尾加 -d，如： live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped 3、以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動詞，把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed，如： study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried 4、以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop ---stopped,,動詞過去分詞記憶口訣： 一加ed，二加d 三要雙寫，四注意：y變成ied. 1.work-worked open-opened answer-answered 2.hope-hoped 3.drop-dropped stop-stopped 4.study-studied,B 不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞,thought,caught,given,made,written,put,cost,grown,hurt,run,felt,fallen,flown,had,drunk,brought,worn,sung,forgotten,kept,不規(guī)則動詞原型-過去式-過去分詞形式：,1） AAA型(三種都一樣) 如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(過去式與過去分詞相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led,,,3） ABC型(三種都不一樣) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形與過去分詞相同) 如: come-came-come become became become run ran run,,寫出下列動詞的過去分詞形式. wake ______ 2. teach ______ 3. sell ________ 4. see ________ 5. ride _______ 6. pay _____ 7. choose ______ 8. throw _____ 9. think _______ 10. eat _____ 11. drive ______ 12. catch ______ 13. bring ______ 14. break ______ 15. give _______ 16. get _________ 17. know _______ 18. open _______ 19. write _______ 20. forget ________,,Woken taught Sold seen Ridden paid Chosen thrown Thought eaten Driven caught Brought broken Given gotten Known opened Written forgotten,,二) 含義:,(一)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事情對現(xiàn)在的影響和產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果.它強調(diào)的是過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系.常用的時間狀語有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.,,(定義二) 表示一個從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài).通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用.,,句式構(gòu)成,1.肯定句:,S(主語）+have/has(助動詞）+PP(過去分詞)+(其他）。,,2. 否定句:,S ( 語)+have/has+not +PP(過去分詞)+(其他）。,,3.一般疑問句,Have/has+ S (主語)+PP(過去分詞)? Yes, S+have/has. No, S+have/hasn’t.,,（改為否定句和一般疑問句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day.,,→I haven’t seen him since his wedding day .,→Have you seen him since his wedding day?,,,He has written to me since I have been ill.(改為一般疑問句),→ Has he written to you since you have been ill?,→ He hasn’t written to me since I have been ill,,1. 現(xiàn)在完成時中標(biāo)志詞的用法區(qū)別,1.Already 肯定句: 句中(助后實前)/句末 “己經(jīng)”,一般疑問句: 句末(表示驚訝的語氣) “難道”,Eg. I’ve already had breakfast. (更常見) = I’ve had breakfast already.(表示強調(diào)) Have you had breakfast already?,,注: 有already的句子在時態(tài)上并不都是現(xiàn)在完成時,判斷時要看該詞后是否有動詞的過去分詞. Eg. She’s already eighty years old. It was already very late.,,2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法,否定句:句末 “還(沒)”,疑問句: 句末 “己經(jīng)”,Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,,注: 帶already的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時,將already要變成yet放在句末.,Eg. I have already done my homework. 否定句: 一般疑問句:,I haven’t done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,,3. ever在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法,肯定句/疑問句 : 句中 “曾經(jīng)”,Eg. I’ve ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?,,4. never在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法,否定句: 句中 “從來沒有” Eg. I’ve never been to Beijing.,,注: 帶ever的肯定句變否定句時, 要將ever變成never; 帶ever的一般疑問句作否定回答時可用“No, never.”,Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句:,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,He has never made dumplings.,,5. just在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法,用于句中, 表示“剛剛” Eg. I’ve just had breakfast. What have they just done?,,6. before在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法,用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. I’ve seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,,(定義二) 表示一個從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài).通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用.,,,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.,一段時間,,2. since +,從句(一般過去時),,,詞組,(表示過去某一時間的)時間點,Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,,注2): 對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,,注3): 短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用, 當(dāng)然也不能用于how long引導(dǎo)的問句中. Eg.(誤)I have left there for 5 years.,,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,,※短暫性動詞與延續(xù)動詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換,,5.短暫動詞和 延續(xù)動詞轉(zhuǎn)換,,be,be over,be back,be away (from),be open/ be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be interested in,be married,瞬間動詞 vs延續(xù)動詞,,,wear/ be on,be up,be awake,be asleep,be in=be a member of,be in/at,,練習(xí),判斷：他到達(dá)車站半個小時了 He has arrived at the station for half an hour( ),He has been at the station for half an hour .or He arrived at the station half an hour ago,He _______the League since two years ago Joined B. has joined C. has been in 翻譯：這個電影已經(jīng)放映十五分鐘了 ——------------------------------------------------------------,The film has been on for fifteen minutes.,,have /has been to，have / has gone to， have / has been in的用法區(qū)別,1 “ Have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時已經(jīng)回到說話地點，常與once 、twice、ever、never 等時間連用。 2 “ have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒有回答，人不在說話地點。 3 “ have / has been in +地名 ”表示“在某地”。指一種存在狀態(tài) 巧記 ： been to ，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要記清； have / has been to + 地名，曾經(jīng)到過某地行； have / has gone to + 地點，到某地去了已走遠(yuǎn)。 have / has been in +地名， 已經(jīng)在某地了。,,,用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空 1.— Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ — No，I . 2.— What about your sister，Lily？ — Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. — Ok，thanks. — You’re welcome.,have been to,haven’t,has gone to,,四)It is +一段時間 +since+句子(一般過去時) =一段時間+has passed +since + 句子(一般過去時),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,,練習(xí),自從我來到這正好兩天,It is just two days since I came here,Two days has passed since I came here,It___________ (be) ten years since I _________(finish) middle school.,is\has been finished,,（一）現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別,現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時間狀語連用；而一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。,,He has lived in Beijing since 1999. 自1999年以來他一直住在北京。 （說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。） He lived in Bejing in 1999. 在1999年的時候他在北京住過。 （現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）,,Translation,1.他昨天去北京了。 2.他去北京兩天了。,,He went to Beijing yesterday. （現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）,He has been in Beijing for two days. （說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）,,用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（注意時態(tài)）,1.--______ you _________your pen? (mend) --Yes, I _______. --When_______ you _______ it? --I __________ it yesterday. 2.--How do you like the film? --I ____________(not see) such a moving film before. 3.Millie’s sister _______(join) the club last week. So she _________(be) in the club for nearly one week.,Have,mended,have,did,mend,mended,haven’t seen,joined,has been,,,4.My father__________(give) up ________(smoke). He doesn’t _________(smoke) now. 5.The Green family_____________(not come) back yet from the cinema. They______(go) to see a film one hour ago. 6.You________________(not visit) your son for a long time.,has given,smoking,smoke,haven’t come,went,haven’t visited,,6.She has known Sam______ nine years. (for , never , since) 7.They have______arrived. (ever , just , yet) 8.Have you_____ ridden a horse? (ever , for , yet) 9.She has known Fred______ they were at primary school. (already , just , since) 10.We have not completed the project_____. (already , for , yet),for,just,ever,since,yet,,II. 將下列句子中的動詞改為現(xiàn)在完成時. John is drawing a picture. I write my name on the4 card. Tom blows out the light. The cat drinks its milk. The tree falls across the road. My parents give me a present.,John has drawn a picture. I have written my name on the card. Tom has blown out the light. The cat has drunk its milk. The tree has fallen across the road. My parents have given me a present.,,單項選擇 He ______ working. A. have just started B. has just started C. Has just stars 2. _____ you _____ your suitcase yet? Do, pack B. did, pack C. Have, pack D. Have , packed 3. I ______ my room already. have tidied B. had tidied C. will tidy,,4. I _____ my plane ticket, but I can’t find it. will buy B. would buy C. have bought D. have buyed 5. ---What has Denis done? ---He ____ over a vase. has knocked B. had knocked C. knocked D. is knocking 6. They can’t buy a computer because they _____ all their money. are spending B. have spent C. spend D. will spend,,Homework,1.我已經(jīng)離開那所學(xué)校兩年了。 2.這個小孩已經(jīng)生病兩天了。 3.這本書小明已經(jīng)借了一周了。 4.這家書店已經(jīng)開業(yè)五年了。 5.我媽媽去超市了。她很快就回來了。,,,Thank you!,,,用have/has been to, have/has been in或have/has gone to填空 --- Where is your brother? --- He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon. 2. --- ____ you ever ___________ America? --- Yes, I _____________ New York twice. 3. --- Here you are at last! Where _____ you ______? --- I ____________ London for two months. --- When did you come back, then? --- I came back only this morning.,,4. We _________ this class since last week. 5. --- How long _______ you _______ China? --- Two years. 6. --- David __________ Australia. --- I’m sure he’s already arrived.,,