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英文原文 is of to or of It is a of of in of in of of or is a in to a a in of of As of is to a a by do if a a be It be a be a is be to be an to to a of a to on is to be It is to of no or be to to a On be if a is an to a of if be a is no of a be is to A to an be be or be of be is a a at It be if a be of of be to a of it is to in of by In is up to be It is is in of as to to It is of to to to is an is no be is a be to to if to be to is in to or to to is a a to or is to or to to is a be on of to be in of A in of is If in is no be of of in a In be or to is a to be a by to In in to at To be (1) a (2) it be of (3) Is it to (4) it be (5) it a to be to of a 3]. It be a is in or of a so it be in of be by so be In a in or to is a is a to do it a or in or be to a by as or or in is of is of as a of s as an in s as a a of in as or a be a of be be by of as of of of of of of a be a be If if is to be in it to be in at a of is to as or as to in is in of an To 1. to to of a by of or of e. g., of be in be in is in in is at in in be to to 2. On to is to a in to an of at by in be by as a to be of be to 3. to of in to or of as be to a e. g. , on an to on it is to a to or it is in a on In of be as to a to 4. a of be a of to or as to in 5. A is by a of if is to be wi'th a of of if is a in of s In if of of if it is e. g., to be in or a 6. of in A of be so be or in as in he be or be to of by to to to to of s In of of be of in In an to by to as A to by or as of to of as so of as do a 2 mm 70 mm or Is a to 00 % no Is a to my 940s, a in to by in is as it in on of of of as in on to as an is as In by s be of in to of of In 0 0 a of is a of no is to by of to a or by In to of by by of or by on of An in is (1) in in of of is no to (2) of of of to be s], (3) of of of in a be as (4) of to as of 譯文 機械設計及加工工藝 機械設計是一門通過設計新產(chǎn)品或者改進老產(chǎn)品，滿足人類需求的應用技術(shù)科學。它涉及工程技術(shù)的各個領(lǐng)域，主要研究產(chǎn)品的尺寸、形狀和詳細結(jié)構(gòu)的基本構(gòu)思，還要研究產(chǎn)品在制造、銷售和使用等方面的問題。 進行各種機械設計工作的人員通常被稱為設計人員或者設計工程師。機械設計是一項創(chuàng)造性的工作。設計工程師不僅在工作上要有創(chuàng)新性，還必須在機械制圖、運動學、動力學、工程材料、材料力學和機械制造工藝等方面具有深厚的基礎(chǔ)知 識。 如前面所述，機械設計的目的是生產(chǎn)滿足人類需求的產(chǎn)品。發(fā)明、發(fā)現(xiàn)和科學知識本身并不一定能給人類帶來益處，只有當它們被用在產(chǎn)品上才能產(chǎn)生效益。因而，應該認識到在一個特定產(chǎn)品進行設計之前，必須先確定人們是否需要這種產(chǎn)品。 應當把機械設計看成設計人員運用創(chuàng)造性的才能進行產(chǎn)品設計、系統(tǒng)分析和制訂產(chǎn)品的制造工藝的一個良機。掌握工程基礎(chǔ)知識要比熟記一些數(shù)據(jù)和公式更為重要。僅僅使用數(shù)據(jù)和公式是不足以在一個好的設計中做出所需的全部決定的。另一方面，應該認真精確地進行所有運算。例如，即使將一個小數(shù)點的位置放錯，也會使正確 的設計變成錯誤的。 一個好的設計人員應該勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承擔一定的風險；當新的方法不適用時，就恢復采用原來的方法。因