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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí) 第十二講 定語(yǔ)從句講練 語(yǔ)法精講 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that等和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。 注意：1. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。 2. 關(guān)系代詞who, which, that 在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)，而該介詞又位于從句末尾時(shí)，經(jīng)常省略，但 as一般不省 that既可指人，又可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中可做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)（可省略） This is the first sum of money (that) the children’s family has received. This is not the only apple that has rotten away. Who that knows him would believe him? He’s changed. He’s not the man that he was. I’ll never forget the day that/which we spent together in the countryside. 下列情況下，往往在下面幾種情況下只用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句： A. 先行詞是不定代詞：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。例如： All that we have to do is to practise every day. B. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾。例如： The first lesson that l learned will never be forgotten. C. 先行詞被all, any, every, few, little, no, some修飾時(shí)。例如： l have read all the books (that) you gave me. D. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)。例如： He is the only person that l want to talk to. E. 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。例如： They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. F. 當(dāng)主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用that, 以免與先行詞重復(fù)。Who is the boy that was here just now? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? Which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ) This is the house (that/which) he visited last year He paid the boy ten dollars for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. Carol said the work could be done by October, which personally I doubt very much. Is this the museum which we visited last year? The science of medicine, in which progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences. Is this the house which the great musician was born in? She likes to use words of which the meanings are clear to him. The stories about this secret person,of which this is one example, are widely spread among people. Whose 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ); 其先行詞不僅可指人，還物; Whose 在定語(yǔ)從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起可做介詞賓語(yǔ)，還可以與介詞放在先行詞與從句之間; whose 的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用 of which 代替 whose，但詞序不同，即 whose+名詞 =the +名詞 +of which 例如： That’s the child whose drawing we looked at just now. It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time. I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease. The boss in whose department Mr. King worked had heard about the accident. Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine. The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting (=the title of which) He lives in the room whose window faces south(=the window of which) as such…as the same …as 注意與such…that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別是：which不能放句首，而as則可以；在句中時(shí)，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而 which則沒(méi)有。 As has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.(xx 上春) She is such a good teacher as we all love and respect. She is a good teacher that/who we all love and respect. She is such a good teacher that we all love and respect her. Such workers as attended the conference had to pay their own expenses. Shakespear wrote such plays as could only have been the work of a genius. I like the same book as you do. as做賓語(yǔ) I shall do it in the same way as you did. as做狀語(yǔ) I want to have such a dictionary as he has. as做賓語(yǔ) As we all know, he studies very hard. as做賓語(yǔ) As is known to all, he is the best student in out class. 常用的這種類似插入語(yǔ)的句式有as is said above, as is known to all, as it is 等。 The way that/ in which/不用任何引導(dǎo)詞 Do you like the way he speaks to you? We don’t like the way in which he talked to his mother. The reason why/that/for which I know the reason why he came late. --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. ----Is that the reason why you had a few days off? 關(guān)系副詞when, where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 This is the place where we lived for 5 years. I will never forget the day when I met the actor. This is the house where he lived last year. We are living in an age when many things are done on a puter. Gone are the days when the working people suffered from cold and hunger. 注意：1. 定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別 It was the street where the accident occurred. It was in the street that the accident occurred 2. 定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： 1． 從意義上：同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)行解釋，而定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行修飾、限定，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞的作用。 2． 從結(jié)構(gòu)上： 同位語(yǔ)從句由連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)，最常用的連接詞that一般不省略，也不在從句中擔(dān)任成分，而定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)，that在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)不能省略，做賓語(yǔ)可省略。 3． 從含義上：同位語(yǔ)從句與所說(shuō)明、解釋的句詞無(wú)邏輯關(guān)系，而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的句詞是該從句邏輯上的主、賓、表、定、狀語(yǔ)等。例如 A. The news that they had won the game arrived soon. （同位語(yǔ)從句。 The news和 that they had won the game無(wú)邏輯關(guān)系） B. The news that you told me yesterday is true. (定語(yǔ)從句the news在定語(yǔ)從句中相當(dāng)于 told 的邏輯賓語(yǔ)) 4． 同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明、解釋的句詞有所限制，大多是一些表示抽象概念的名，而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾、限定的先行詞無(wú)限制，既可指人、又可指物。 語(yǔ)法精練： 1. Alec asked the policeman ____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom 2．The gentleman _____ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 3. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmer, _____ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. when; who D. which; that 4. Can you think out a situation _____ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. with which 5. My glass, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without D. without which 6. I was so eager to leave that when I stood in the hall, ready to leave, I didn’t even think of saying good-bye to the friends _____ I had eaten and slept for so many weeks. A. by whom B. of whom C. with whom D. with which 7. This is the very building _____ I’ve been looking for the whole morning. A. which B. that C. where D. in which 8. The time ___ I spend on maths is much more than on English. A. that B. when C. at which D. during which 9. Mr. Green drove slowly on the way home until he reached the high way, ____the speed limit was 60 miles per hour. A. because B. which C. where D. that 10. He arrived in New York, ____ some time later, he became a writer. A. when B. where C. that D. which 11. I’ve bought such a puter _____ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 12. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____ family was poor. A. whose B. whom C. of whose D. of whom 13. The boys, _____ could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on. A. the tall of whom B. the tallest of whom C. the tallest one D. the tallest of them 14. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking D. to whom the nurse is talking 15. ______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. This 16. Is there _____ to help you? A. anything we can do B. something can do C. anything which we can do D. nothing we can’t do 17. Is there a shop around ___ I can get some fruit? A. which B. where C. it D. what 18. Jack got beaten in the game, ______ had been expected. A. that B. as C. where D. when 19. I’ll never forget the day ______ we spent the weekend together in the countryside. A. when B. that C. which D. on which 20. I’ll never forget the place ____ we spent the weekend together in the countryside. A. when B. where C. that D. which 21 Chaplin, for ____ life had once been very hard, directed a film. A. who B whom C. whose D. which 22. He was the man ____ Master of the Game was translated. A. by whom B. by who C. by whose D. by him 23. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A. who B. which C. this D. when 24. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _______ , of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 25. The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 26. I can’t believe that the restaurant _______ I have eaten such wonderful meals is going to close down. A. at which B. on which C. that D. which 27. I am grateful to him for that advice _____ I owe all my success. A. to which B. for which C. that D. which 28. Chaplin went to the States in 1910, _____ time he had learnt to dance and act in edies. A. by which B. when C. that D. which 29. I decided to write about Chaplin, one of ______ films I had seen several years before. A. which B. who C. whose D. that 30. Chaplin, for _____ money was now no problem, started a new film pany with his friends. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 答案：1—5CBBCD 6—10CBACB 11—15CABDA 16—20ABBAB 21—25BADBC 26—30 AAACB