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2019-2020年高二英語話題閱讀訓練 Week Four自然環(huán)境 一、閱讀理解（共16小題；共32.0分） A WARANGAL, India, Nov 22 (IPS)—In a country notorious for the inability to deal with the waste it generates, municipal officials in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh are now resorting to making waste management a petitive sport, in their bid to cajole the entire nation to clean up. The historic city of Warangal recently hosted 386 teams from 57 municipalities across the northern half of Andhra Pradesh—the largest state in south India and the fourth largest in the country—peting for the best performance trophy in collection and disposal of household wastes. Waste segregation and recycling might be old hat in most countries, but in India, where cities are growing exponentially, negligence, administrative mismanagement and lack of infrastructure have resulted in open dumping in over 90 percent of cities and towns countrywide. The idea of handling waste management through sport came to environmental activist Uday Singh after watching an Indian Premier League cricket game. "We wanted to try and harness the spirit of petition and sportsmanship that India displays in cricket, for public health," Singh said. Each team thereafter consisted of a guest municipalitys Sanitary Inspector as team leader and two guest staff acpanied by three officials from the host city. Pushing trolleys door to door between the hours of seven and eleven every morning, each team was given a score based on how it handled the collection process. Teams unloaded trolleys full of waste at the collection centre in the towns water tower premises before continuing on their rounds. Collection staff varied from municipal tractor-drivers and cleaners to garbage-pickers employed by the municipality. "The aim was to train all municipal staff so that they go back to their constituencies and spread awareness," Saheb told IPS. The petition caught the attention of a large swathe of the citys residents. The prize for best team was awarded to the Khammam municipality, while several others received a slew of consolation prizes. "There are no losers in this game," Singh stressed. The petition will now be taken to several other cities in Andhra Pradesh. 1. Which of the following statements about Andhra Pradesh is true according to the passage? A. Andhra Pradesh is the largest state in India. B. Andhra Pradesh is now taking measures to manage waste. C. Andhra Pradesh is famous for its petitive sport in the country. D. Andhra Pradesh has got the prize, the "best performance" in the country. 2. What is the main problem of waste management in India? A. Waste segregation and recycling. B. Negligence and the rapid growth of the cities. C. Over 90% of cities and towns are full of open dumping. D. Administrative mismanagement. 3. Where is the idea of making waste management a petitive sport from? A. From watching a cricket game. B. From the environmental activists. C. From an Indian Premier League. D. From the long history of the city. 4. How many members are there in a team to pete? A. 2. B. 4. C. 6. D. 8. 5. Why did Singh say "There are no losers in this game" according to the passage? A. Each team has got awarded for their performances. B. The Khammam municipality was awarded for the best performance. C. Several other municipalities received consolation prizes. D. Not only the teams were awarded but also the waste has been managed better. B At the time of the tsunami I was playing golf. Text messages started to hit my phone from volunteers on the east coast. The first messages did not sound too serious, just reports of "flooding" without much detail. We have floods here most years so at first it was hard to tell whether or not this would involve any loss of life or major damage. Four hours later I was at an informal gathering with donor colleagues from the bilateral and multilateral agencies. What had been planned as a Boxing Day lunchtime social event quickly turned into an emergency planning meeting. By this time the tsunami had struck all parts of the island. The scale of the problem was still pletely unknown. Over the next few days the death toll rose to close to 40,000. Within about 24 hours it became obvious that this was a national disaster that would call on the resources of every sector and every person. The response of the volunteers was excellent. I was requested to join them to represent international and national NGOs and agencies. Working shifts of 18-20 hours, seven days a week became normal and lasted for over a month. Sri Lanka has not been at peace with itself for a very long time. We have just pleted year three of a fragile cease-fire that came at the end of a bloody 20 year mixture of civil war and ethnic crisis. Poverty is widespread in Sri Lanka and a major challenge is to ensure that poor people in the 95 percent of the country which was not affected by the tsunami are not forgotten. There are hundreds of thousands of internally displaced people already living in temporary shelter, not as a result of the tsunami, but from the conflict 10-15 years before. There is growing evidence that those affected by the tsunami want their voices to be heard, and that other poor people do not want to be forgotten. A sustainable and lasting peace settlement is really the answer for Sri Lanka. 6. When the news from volunteers on the east coast came, people at first thought that . A. a national disaster was ing B. it was just flooding as usual without bringing a national disaster C. the volunteers were needed D. the tsunami was ing 7. If we add a paragraph after the second paragraph, what is it about? A. People were worrying about the tsunami. B. Sri Lanka government was setting up a Disaster Emergency Center. C. The volunteers from different classes and different fields were trying their best to offer help. D. People all over the world were helping the people of Sri Lanka. 8. The author thought a major challenge in Sri Lanka was . A. to ensure that poor people in 95% of the country which was not affected by the tsunami are not forgotten B. to rescue the people affected by the tsunami C. to help the government to set up more temporary shelters D. to offer food to the people immediately 9. The problem in Sri Lanka can be solved only by . A. the help from the volunteers B. the help from the world C. food, clothes and shelters D. a sustainable and lasting peace settlement C Everyone knows a storm is dangerous. A storm is often announced. Though there is expert broadcasting and we have cell phones, therere still some instances when the violent weather takes us by surprise. While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning, sudden Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes form and move rapidly in less than a days time, endangering everyone and everything in their path. Oil workers have been stuck off the shore when sudden storms appeared. Field archaeologists have been trapped in coastal areas without storm warning. It wasnt but a few decades ago that a Texas National Guard group was trapped on the beach by rain-forced flooding and had to ride out a major hurricane during a training exercise.There have been a few instances when travelers were trapped on an island or in a coastal area and unable to escape in time. Escaping from the storm-threatened areas is generally a choice for most of us—but not for all. Each year thousands of islanders across the Caribbean face the danger of hurricanes without so much as a public shelter to hide in. Most ride out the storm in their homes. But therere a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies. Being prepared for the unexpected may be your best and only defense. If youre headed outdoors for a few days or weeks, you should always carry a flashlight with extra batteries, a GPS device, and a basic medical box. If youre traveling in your car, remember you may suffer from high winds. Youd better not stay inside to avoid being blown away along with your car. Keeping your head and your courage up is essential to survive in any type of danger. Let mon sense guide you and always be prepared for the worst. 10. According to the text, most Atlantic hurricanes . A. form in the Caribbean Sea B. e from Gulf of Mexico C. are from the Pacific Ocean D. develop off the coast of Africa 11. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The bad situations of oil workers. B. People trapped by sudden storms. C. The danger of traveling on an island. D. The Texas National Guard group. 12. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To encourage traveling. B. To give some advice. C. To underline the danger of hurricanes. D. To give some warnings. 13. The underlined phrase "ride out" in the fourth paragraph probably means . A. hide from B. rule out C. work out D. manage to get through D A Water Puzzle In North Chinas Inner Mongolia region, scientists are investigating how there can be so much water in a desert. In the Badain Jaran Desert, more than 100 lakes can be found among huge sand dunes. Some of the dunes are more than half a kilometer high. How do the lakes survive in a hot desert and why do not the dunes move with the winds? A Chinese scientist has discovered a large reservoir of water underground and this may provide water to the lakes. This underground water also keeps the dunes in place. When the sand is dry, it is blown by the wind; but if it is wet, it stays in one place. The Chinese team of scientists has found water 20 centimeters below the surface of the dunes. They know that the annual rainfall is 40 millimeters and that in this desert, 4 000 millimeters of water evaporates each year. So the extra water underground is not just from rain water. They believe that the underground water es from melted snow in the mountains 500 kilometers to the southwest in the Qilian Mountain. They think that it takes between 30 to 40 years for the water to travel to the lakes and that there are 500 billion liters of water there. The farmers in Badain Jaran area need water very badly for their crops and one plan is to divert a major river from the Qilian Mountain. The Chinese scientists believe it may be possible to send the underground water to the farmers by using underground tunnels. They have published their findings in the magazine Nature and other scientists have added their opinions. Some think that it will be too difficult to extract the underground water. Others do not believe that the water in the lakes es from melted snow in the distant mountains. They think that underground water can only move a few meters each year. There are also fears that the scheme will damage the ecology(生態(tài)學) of the area. So, the discussion and research continues until a good solution is found. 14. What are the facts about the water? A. It survives in a hot desert. B. There are more than 100 lakes in the desert. C. The snow in the mountains is 500 kilometers away. D. All the above. 15. A dune is . A. a large lake among the mountains B. a hill of sand beside a beach or in a desert C. a mountain which is in the middle of the water D. a large mountain which is in the center of the sand 16. From the passage we can know that . A. all the scientists have the same opinion B. it never rains in the Badain Jaran Desert C. all the scientists dont agree with each other D. the farmers want to drink the underground water 二、完形填空（共20小題；共30.0分） According to current trends and predictions, Washington D.C. will experience flooding and infrastructure damage in both the short- and long-term due to sea level rise (SLR). The researchers say the 17 is linked to thermal expansions (放熱) of the oceans and 18 of global ice sheets due to global warming. Short-term predictions suggest that sea level will rise 0.1 19 by the year 2043 and flood about 103 properties and other infrastructure, 20 the city about $2.1 billion. By 2150, 0.4 meters of SLR is likely to impact 142 properties. For long-term effects if sea level rise were to 21 5.0 meters, the authors warn of significant 22 in excess of $24.6 billion to mercial buildings, military installations, museums and a number of 23 agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Recent 24 events such as Tropical Storm Isabel in xx and high tides and rains in April of 2011 caused waterfront 25 the city and Northern Virginia. The authors warn that extreme weather may 26 the chances of flooding as sea levels increase. To fully assess the 27 damage, the researchers used Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and data from government agencies 28 real-estate listings for property values. The results show that the 29 rate of SLR in Washington D.C., is about 3.16 millimeters per year. The 30 levels of increase expected in the near future, SLR would 31 a minimal loss of city area. However, if 0.1 meters of SLR occurs by 2043 as the authors 32 , nearby Bolling Air Force Base 33 lose 23 buildings. The authors conclude, "Decisions must be made in the near future by lawmakers or city planners on how to 34 the impact of and adapt to SLR. A planned retreat is not a(n) 35 when dealing with SLR in such an important area. Cost-effective methods to deal with SLR should be 36 , and long-term solutions that extend well into this millennium are necessary." 17. A. rise B. decrease C. prediction D. damage 18. A. freezing B. floating C. melting D. increasing 19. A. kilometers B. meters C. millimeters D. centimeters 20. A. costing B. spending C. making D. deserving 21. A. reach B. collapse C. fall D. overe 22. A. effects B. influences C. results D. damages 23. A. private B. public C. government D. nonprofit 24. A. military B. office C. weather D. finance 25. A. flooding in B. roaring out C. drowning in D. drooping down 26. A. decrease B. increase C. reduce D. introduce 27. A. present B. potential C. existing D. happening 28. A. or so B. not only C. apart from D. as well as 29. A. future B. nowadays C. current D. past 30. A. low B. high C. tall D. huge 31. A. lead to B. result from C. contribute about D. cause into 32. A. wish B. hope C. expect D. want 33. A. could B. would C. might D. had to 34. A. increase B. raise C. reduce D. improve 35. A. option B. action C. emotion D. maturity 36. A. studied B. developed C. seen D. avoided 答案 一、閱讀理解 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B 16. C 二、完形填空 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. A 21 (暫無答案) 22. D 23 (暫無答案) 24 (暫無答案) 25. A 26 (暫無答案) 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. C 33. B 34 (暫無答案) 35 (暫無答案) 36. B