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環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語課后習(xí)題部分答案（第二版） ——鐘理主編 Exercises 0 Write an article about yourself, including personal background, family, education, interests, ambitions and others. Write as much as you would like to. About Myself My name is Qin Zheng. I am from Xiangshan, which is a small town in Ningbo District. It is very beautiful and nowadays a lot of films and TV programmes are shot there. More and more people went there for a holiday. The people there are laborious, virtuous and warm hearted. I’m much felicitated that I was born and raised up there. It is my hometown and I will love it forever. My family has been engaged in farming for generations. My relatives are all farmers. My ancestors and my parents have plotted all their life on thin ground. In my family, my father, my mother and I, that’s all. Now I’m in grade three, a third year student in Jiaxing University. Since I have made a lot of friends, I find life in this university both happy and rewarding. I live happily here. I like climbing mountains. I like singing, listening classical music. I like essay, also novel, but my favorite is essay. Unfortunately, although I have read so much, my writing is still not very good. I hope that I can be an useful person for our society. But at the moment, my knowledge is still not rich enough. In order to realize my objectives in life, I will study hard and gain more and more skills and knowledge, such as speaking English and using computer. If I have enough money after graduation from school, I will study driving. It is good to have a good job when someone can drive a car or a bus. Unit 1 (P.4) 1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese. life expectancy ： 耐用期限，平均壽命 poverty-stricken ： 貧窮的，貧困的，貧乏的 smog-laden air ： 煙霧彌漫的天空，煙霧繚繞的空氣，陰霾天氣 global conditions ： 全球狀況 haves and have-nots ： 富人和窮人 underprivileged ： 社會(huì)地位低下的，相對(duì)貧困的，生活水平低下的，弱勢(shì)的 savanna ：熱帶大草原，稀樹草原 predator ：食肉動(dòng)物，捕食者 environmental disruptions ： 環(huán)境破壞，環(huán)境失調(diào) 2 Put the following into English. 農(nóng)藥—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide) 化肥—chemical fertilizer 有機(jī)廢物—organic wastes 微生物—microorganism / microbe 衰減—attenuation 阻滯的—retardant / blocking 稀釋—dilution 添加劑—additive 合成塑料—synthetic plastic 再生—regeneration Unit 3 (P.19) 1 Put the following into Chinese. (1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste. 原材料放置過久會(huì)失去它們本身性能而變成廢棄物。 (2) Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement. 不良的零件清洗或者不充分的接觸時(shí)間將減少工藝過程中化學(xué)品的有用性，增加處理廢棄物 的費(fèi)用以及替換化學(xué)藥品的費(fèi)用。 (3) Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic noncyanide cadmium bath. 洛克希德（公司）成功地將堿性氰化鎘溶液槽改變?yōu)樗嵝圆缓杌k的溶液槽。 (4) Do not try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas. 不要進(jìn)行重復(fù)研究。發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)伙伴以分享思想。 3 Put the following into Chinese. Waste reduction/waste/minimization: 減少廢物/廢棄物/最小化 In-process: 工程內(nèi)，進(jìn)程內(nèi) Housekeeping: 維持管理 Equipment modification landfills: 設(shè)備改造，填埋 Biodegradable solvents: 可生物降解溶劑 Volatile chemicals: 揮發(fā)性化學(xué)品 Management commitment: 管理層的承諾 Unit 5 (P.34) 1 Put the following words or phrase into Chinese. primary pollutant 一次大氣污染物 secondary pollutant 二次大氣污染物 air stagnation 空氣流動(dòng)停滯，大氣停滯 nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮(N2O) nitric oxide 一氧化氮(NO) nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮(NO2) soot 煤煙 dust 灰塵 smog 煙霧 ozone 臭氧 herbicide 除草劑 pesticide 殺蟲劑 / 農(nóng)藥 2 Put the following into English. 正常濃度 normal concentration 嚴(yán)重污染的 serious polluted / heavily polluted 決定因素 determining factor 光化學(xué)氧化物 photochemical oxidant 液體微滴 liquid droplet 放射性物質(zhì) radioactive substance 不完全氧化 incomplete oxidization / incomplete combustion 含硫的 sulfur-containing 風(fēng)化 wind erosion / weathering 汽車尾氣 automobile exhaust Unit 6 (P.40) 1 Put the following into Chinese (1) The most severe sequence of CO2 induced global warning would be melting of the polar ice-caps and the subsequent rise of ocean levels and inundation of coastal plains. 由CO2 所引起的全球變暖的最嚴(yán)重后果是極地冰帽的熔化，以及隨之而來的海平面上升所 引發(fā)的沿海平原的洪水。 (2) Although global warming from the already elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 has been predicted by most climatic models, such a warming has not been empirically observed. 雖然大多數(shù)氣候模型已經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)大氣中CO2 濃度的增加將引起全球變暖，但對(duì)于這樣的氣候 變暖還沒有實(shí)證觀察過。 (3) Although they indicate trends in average surface temperatures and climate, they unfortunately coincide with increased industrialization and pollution. 盡管這些資料表明了平均地面溫度和氣候的趨勢(shì)，但不幸的是，恰恰遇上了這段時(shí)期內(nèi)日益 增強(qiáng)的工業(yè)化和污染。 2 Put the following into English. 溫室效應(yīng) effect of greenhouse 由二氧化碳引起的 caused by CO2 世界碳預(yù)算 world carbon budget 天氣的自然波動(dòng) natural fluctuations in climate 全球變暖 global warming 厭氧的 anaerobic 甲烷 methane 臭氧層 ozonosphere 氣候模型 climatic models 腐爛 decay Unit 7 (P.47) 3 Put the following into English. 出口 outlet 多管高效旋風(fēng)分離器 multitube high-efficiency cyclone 合成纖維 synthetic fabric 捕集效率 collection efficiency 機(jī)械洗滌 mechanical scrubbing 壓力降 pressure drop 焚化爐 incinerator 氣體離子 gas ion 捕集板 collection surface 碳黑 carbon black Unit 8 (P.52) 1 Put the following into English. 尾氣 off-gas 可應(yīng)用性 applicability 工業(yè)規(guī)模 full-scale 土壤床 soil bed 生物過濾器 biofilter 固定資本 fixed capital 易生物降解的 easily biodegraded 2 Put the following into Chinese. VOC 揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物 APC 大氣污染控制 Regulatory program 調(diào)整項(xiàng)目 Financial support 財(cái)政支持 Operating cost 操作成本 Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力 Environmental media 環(huán)境介質(zhì) Biological 生物學(xué)的 Technologies 技術(shù)、工藝 Inorganic air pollutants 無機(jī)大氣污染物 Unit 10 (P.66) 1 Put the following into Chinese. treatment facilities 處理設(shè)備 per capita per day 每人每天 municipality 市政當(dāng)局, 自治市 population equivalent 人口當(dāng)量 basement flooding 地下室浸水 runoff 排水 domestic sewage 生活污水 type of terrain 地形種類 Unit 11 (P.73) 1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese. unpalatable 味道差的 volatile chemicals 揮發(fā)性的化學(xué)藥品 scale in hot pipes 熱水管積垢 harbor pathogens 窩藏病原體 precipitate 使沉淀 turbid 混濁的 intermittent sources 間歇的污染源 fixtures 固定設(shè)備 2 According to Reading Material, put the following into English. 合成有機(jī)化合物 synthetic organic compound 微生物性能 microbiological properties 普遍接受 universal acceptance 食品加工 food processing 精餾 rectification 蒸發(fā)和冷凝 evaporation and condensation 土壤腐蝕 erosion of soil 過濾作用 percolating/ filtration 副產(chǎn)品 byproduct 脫鹽 desalination Unit 12 (P.81) 1 According to Reading Material, put the following into Chinese. land disposal 掩埋處置 fecal coliform 糞大腸菌群 stringent effluent requirement 嚴(yán)格的廢水排放要求 assimilation capacity 同化能力 practical outlets 可行的排出途徑，現(xiàn)實(shí)出路 aquatic life 水生生物 detrimental to human health 對(duì)人體健康有害的 endogenous phase 內(nèi)源〔生長(zhǎng)〕期 Unit 13 (P.89) 1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese. flow monitoring 流量監(jiān)測(cè) equipment age and reliability 裝備老化及其可靠性 mechanistic facilities 機(jī)械設(shè)備 microbial activity 微生物活性 activated sludge 活性污泥 controlling respiration 控制呼吸 oxidation ditches 氧化溝 on-line automation 在線自動(dòng)〔監(jiān)測(cè)〕 2 Based on Reading Material, put the following into English. 手動(dòng)控制 operator control/ manual control 最優(yōu)化 minimize the effects 微處理器 microprocessor 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 statistical analysis 質(zhì)量衡算 mass balance 動(dòng)力學(xué) dynamics 氧化還原 oxidation and reduction /redox 停留時(shí)間 residence time 模擬 simulation 參數(shù) parameter 水解 hydrolysis 積分 integral Unit 23 (P.157) 1 Put the following into English. 吸聲材料 sound adsorbing media 彈性介質(zhì) elastic media 蒸汽打樁機(jī) steam-powered pile driver 耳塞 ear plug 勞動(dòng)部 department of labor 環(huán)保局 Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） 環(huán)保法 environmental protection law Unit 24 (P.163) 1 Put the following into Chinese. preempted and defaced land 過早地遭受破壞的土地 personal conveniences 個(gè)人的便利生活條件 lavish dependency 過量依賴 solar collectors 太陽集熱器 undue sacrific 過度犧牲 social attitudes 社會(huì)態(tài)度 patterns of living 生活方式 再生紙廢水物化處理方法研究 摘要：通過對(duì)三種無機(jī)混凝劑（聚合氧化鋁、聚合氯化鋁、聚合硫酸鐵）和一種有機(jī)混凝劑（聚丙烯酰胺）在不同影響因素（投加量、pH 值、攪拌速度、攪拌時(shí)間）下，對(duì)再生紙廢水物化處理效果的研究，選出各種混凝劑的最佳投加量、pH 值、攪拌速度和攪拌時(shí)間，結(jié)果聚合氧化鋁在處理再生紙廢水方面效果最好。結(jié)果表明：1%聚合氧化鋁在pH 值為6～7范圍內(nèi)，投加量為8mL，以150r/min 的攪拌速度攪拌6 分鐘，再生紙廢水的濁度去除率可以達(dá)到90%以上，COD 的去除率可以達(dá)到80%上。 關(guān)鍵詞：再生紙廢水；聚合氧化鋁；聚合氯化鋁；聚合硫酸鐵；聚丙烯酰胺 The Physical-chemistry Processing Method Research of Waste Water in the Process of Producing Regenerated Paper Abstract: By way of research three kinds of inorganic coagulants ( polymerization alumina,polymerization aluminum chloride and polymerization iron sulfate ) and one kind of organiccoagulant ( polyprogylene polyam ide ) under the different influence factors ( throwing thecapacity adding, pHs value, stirs speed, stirs time ), to waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper the physical chemistry processing effect, selects out that various coagulants optimum throwing the capacity adding, pHs value, stirs speed and stirs time, concludes to polymerization alumina at the aspect that deals with waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper effect is the best. Indicates: 1%polymerization alumina in pHs value is for 6 – 7 scopes at last, throws the capacity adding for 8mL, with 150r / min the stirring speed stirred 6 minutes, the haziness of waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper goes that removing rate can achieve more than 90%, and COD goes that removing rate can achieve more than 80%. Key words: waste water in the process of producing regenerated paper;polymerization alumina;polymerization aluminum chloride; polymerization iron sulfate; polyprogylene polyam ide