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2019-2020年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 課時作業(yè)27 Poems 新人教版 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Sensing phantom phone vibrations(手機(jī)虛幻震動) is a strangely mon experience. Around 80% of us have imagined a phone vibrating in our pockets when its actually pletely still. Almost 30% of us have also heard nonexistent ringing. Are these signs of madness caused by digital culture? Not at all. In fact, phantom vibrations and ringing indicate a fundamental principle in psychology. Psychologists use a concept called Signal Detection Theory to guide their thinking about the problem of perceptual(感知的) judgments. Working through the example of phone vibrations, we can see how this theory explains why they are a mon and unavoidable part of healthy mental function. When your phone is in your pocket, the world is in one of two possible states the phone is either ringing or not. You also have two possible states of mind the judgment that the phone is ringing, or the judgment that it isnt. Obviously youd like to match these states in the correct way. True vibrations should go with “its ringing”， and no vibrations should go with “its_not_ringing”. Singal detection theory calls these faithful matches a “hit” and a “correct rejection”． But there are two other possible binations you could mismatch true vibrations with “its not ringing”(a “miss”); or mismatch the absence of vibrations with “its ringing”(a “false alarm”). This second kind of mismatch is whats going on when you imagine a phantom phone vibration. What does that mean in terms of your phone? We can assume that people like to notice when their phone is ringing, and that most people hate missing a call. This means their perceptual systems have adjusted their bias(偏向)to a level that makes misses unlikely. The unavoidable cost is a raised likelihood of false alarms of phantom phone vibrations. The tradeoff between false alarms and misses also explains why we all have to put up with fire alarms going off when there isnt a fire. It isnt that the alarms are badly designed, but rather that they are very sensible to smoke and heat and biased to avoid missing a real fire at all costs. The oute is a rise in the number of false alarms. These are inconvenient, but nowhere near as inconvenient as burning to death in your bed or office.The_alarms_are_designed_to_err_on_the_side_of_caution. 1．The writer tries to explain phantom phone vibrations ________. A．by analyzing some facts B．by giving some examples C．from the angle of biology D．from the angle of psychology 2．According to the writer, the sense of phantom phone vibration is ________. A．strange and mad B．harmful but avoidable C．mon and unavoidable D．universal but unhealthy 3．When we judge correctly that “its not ringing”，this is called a “________”． A．hit　　　　　　　　　 B．miss C．false alarm D．correct rejection 4．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean? A．Better late than never. B．Better safe than sorry. C．Fight over the smallest things. D．He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 答案與解析 本文主要論述的是遙感影像的手機(jī)振動(手機(jī)虛幻震動)是一個奇怪的共同經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 1．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中In fact, phantom vibrations and ringing indicate a fundamental principle in psychology.可知選D。 2．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段we can see how this theory explains why they are a mon and unavoidable part of healthy mental function 可知選C。 3．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的Singal detection theory calls these faithful matches a “hit” and a “correct rejection”．可知選D。 4．B　句意理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的These are inconvenient, but nowhere near as inconvenient as burning to death in your bed or office.可知選B。 Ⅱ.閱讀填句 (xx河南省淇縣一中月考) I believe that one of the best ways to connect with people and build quality relationships is through making conversation. Although most people can hold a conversation, only a few are smooth when they talk. I have discovered five simple and effective ways to be a smooth talker. Here they are： Talk slowly Generally, good talkers dont rush into a conversation. __1__ They act as if they have all the time in the world. This makes them e off as centered and collected. Model this way of talking and you will create the same effect. Hold more eye contact Most people keep eye contact about 2/3 of the time or less when they talk. __2__ This will convey confidence and interest in interacting with them. __3__ People with good conversation skills tend to notice the kind of things that the average person doesnt notice, and to bring such details into the conversation. They may notice and point out an interesting ring on the other persons hand, a certain foreign accent, or a certain voice tone they use when saying a name. Thus, such individulas impress people in a very elegant manner. Express Your emotions __4__ Express your feelings about those facts. Keep in mind that it is at the emotional level that people connect best. Use the best words The ability to talk smoothly has a lot to do with choosing the precise words to convey your precise feelings or thoughts. __5__ It will help you develop a way with words and allow you to express yourself more easily. Conversational skills dont improve just like that. It takes time, practice and the ability to learn at a rapid rate from your own experiences. A．Dont just present the facts, youre not a newspaper. B．Its a very good idea to hold eye contact just a bit more than that. C．Notice the details. D．It is important to improve conversational skills. E．Offer interesting news. F．They take their time when they reflect on something and when they say it out loud. G．Develop your vocabulary and practice municating as accurately as possible. 答案與解析 講話是一門藝術(shù)，在本文中作者就如何和別人溝通，給人們提出了一些有效的建議。比如，講話速度要慢，要有目光的對視，要善于表達(dá)自己的感情，而且還要使用合適的詞匯。 1．F　根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Talk slow 判斷在本段中作者建議人們要說話時放慢語速，給自己一個思考的時間，而F選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容They take their time when they reflect on something and when they say it out loud. 也提到了給自己反應(yīng)的時間，內(nèi)容符合語境，填F。 2．B　本段小標(biāo)題Hold more eye contact 建議人們要有目光的接觸，而B選項(xiàng)Its a very good idea to hold eye contact just a bit more than that. 也是給出同樣的建議，故答案選B。 3．C　根據(jù)本段中and to bring such details into the conversation. 可以判斷內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)有關(guān)，提醒讀者在講話時要注重細(xì)節(jié)。由此判斷C選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可以概括本段中心，選C。 4．A　從后句Express your feelings about those facts. 判斷A選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容Dont just present the facts, youre not a newspaper. 符合語境，facts 是提示信息，故選A。 5．G　本段是建議人們要使用最佳詞匯，而G選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容Develop your vocabulary and practice municating as accurately as possible. 也是建議人們要擴(kuò)大詞匯，要用詞準(zhǔn)確，內(nèi)容可以承接上下文，選G。 Ⅲ.語法填空 Have you heard of a student awarded masters degree? Of course. But the following student is quite different. Because she is __1__ blind and dead. She is a bination of disabilities that is one of the most severe known __2__ mankind. Mrs Michelle Smithdas __3__ (enjoy) a special success when she was awarded a masters degree at teachers College, New York, in the spring of xx. She did it with a lot of help from a lot of friends and __4__ (volunteer). Michelle, who received her degree in education of blind and visually impaired (受損的) learners, was believed to be the first to gain a graduate degree from a top, famous university. She is an __5__ (instruct) at the Helen Keller National Centre in Sands Poit, New York, __6__ she teaches Braille, vocabulary, sign language and __7__ munication skills to those who are deafblind like her. For five years, she was driven to and from New York City for her classes by Mrs Linda Stillman, who also served __8__ her interpreter. During classes, Mrs Stillman would sit next to Michelle and hold her hand, using the manual alphabet (also known as fingerspelling) to municate. Michelle also participated fully in class, going on all field trips and __9__ (ask) questions in class. Outside class, many of her friends and helpers helped her read text books and write research papers. According to one professor at Teachers College, Michelle was __10__ only a fine student but also an inspiration to us all. 答案與解析 1．both　both...and...既……又……。 2．to　be known to sb. 為某人所知。 3．enjoyed　根據(jù) when she was awarded...可知用一般過去時。 4．volunteers　該空用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 5．instructor　名詞作表語。instructor指導(dǎo)員。 6．where　先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞，定語從句中缺狀語，故用 where 引導(dǎo)。 7．other　該空表示“其它的”，故用 other。 8．a(chǎn)s　serve as 充當(dāng)。 9．a(chǎn)sking　該空與 going 并列。 10．not　not only...but also 不僅……而且……。 Ⅳ.短文改錯 (xx太原五中月考) I, together with my two friends, were eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant, locating in the center of New York. I noticed the young woman eating with two kids. We stopped by and I asked the kids if he believed in Santa. The elder boy, whom was about seven years old, pointed his younger sister and said, “She does, but I dont.” I told them Santa was real and as we were paying for our dinner, I paid for theirs, either. I didnt know that whether the woman was alone, but I grow up with my mother supporting us four kids alone. I still feel good thinking I may have helped on some small ways. 答案