高考英語(yǔ)大二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 閱讀理解課件.ppt
《高考英語(yǔ)大二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 閱讀理解課件.ppt》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《高考英語(yǔ)大二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 閱讀理解課件.ppt(155頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
專題一閱讀理解,考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)與考情分析,高頻考點(diǎn)與技巧點(diǎn)撥,深度閱讀?精讀精練,,考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)(略),,考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)與考情分析,1.2015年設(shè)題類型基本與往年高考一致,以事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)類和推理判斷類為主。各個(gè)題型的分布已逐步成熟且趨于平穩(wěn),預(yù)計(jì)2016年題型分布及比重仍保持不變。,考情分析,2.題材仍然體現(xiàn)了來(lái)源于實(shí)際生活、緊貼時(shí)代、反映英美文化等特點(diǎn)。所選文章多源于國(guó)外的英文圖書、報(bào)刊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體,原汁原味,地道純正,具有鮮明的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文化特點(diǎn)。從體裁看,文章分別屬于記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文。3.語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化,句子長(zhǎng)度、難度有所增加。行文具有跳躍性,隱含信息較多。4.詞匯運(yùn)用要求高,一詞多義、熟詞生義、詞匯活用頻繁出現(xiàn),閱讀速度要求提高。,考點(diǎn)1細(xì)節(jié)理解類,,高頻考點(diǎn)與技巧點(diǎn)撥,,考點(diǎn)2推理判斷類,,考點(diǎn)3主旨大意類,,考點(diǎn)4猜測(cè)類,,細(xì)節(jié)理解類,常見(jiàn)的題干設(shè)問(wèn)形式:1.疑問(wèn)句式以5W1H(what,who,when,where,why和how)等開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句。Whatdid...plantodoafter...?Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?Howdidithappen?Which...isclosestto...?,,考點(diǎn),1,2.以是非題的形式常含true(except),notright/correct(except)等詞語(yǔ)。Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true/correct?Allthestatementsaretrueexcept.3.不完整的陳述句式Accordingto...,before...,Americanshadlittleideaabout.Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassage,theauthormeansthat.,歷年的高頻考點(diǎn)與解題方法:1.尋找信息題——題干定位法題干定位法是做事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題最基本也是最常用的方法。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查對(duì)某句話或某幾句話的理解,可根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子,然后進(jìn)行比較和分析,便可確定最佳答案?!邦}干定位法”分為三步:第一步:先通過(guò)題干信息來(lái)選擇定位詞。,定位詞主要是題干中的名詞、動(dòng)詞和數(shù)詞,即問(wèn)題的核心信息。第二步:在原文中查找定位詞或定位詞的近義詞,找出相關(guān)的句子。第三步:分析這些句子和選項(xiàng),得出正確答案。如:2015全國(guó)ⅡB片段Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablue,roomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.,6.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople.A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintakeC.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中的Ahomeenvironmentinblue對(duì)應(yīng)文章中的peoplewhoatemealsinablueroom,可知在藍(lán)色的房間內(nèi)人吃的相對(duì)較少。,B,2.語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換題——斷章取義法在高考試題中,細(xì)節(jié)理解題已由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的理解能力。解答這類題可用“斷章取義法”,即帶著問(wèn)題,有針對(duì)性地掃讀短文,迅速鎖定相關(guān)詞句,然后尋找相關(guān)的同義或反義表述。如:2015浙江A片段,Fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureandpublichumiliation.Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud,beforetheteacherandotherchildren,sothatwecanbesurethey“know”allthewordstheyarereading.Thismeansthatwhentheydon’tknowaword,theyaregoingtomakeamistake,rightinfrontof,everyone.Afterhavingtaughtfifthgradeclassesforfouryears,Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously.41.Accordingtothepassage,children’sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrom.A.readinglittleandthinkinglittleB.readingoftenandadventurously,C.beingmadetoreadtoomuchD.beingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothers解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干的意思是:根據(jù)文章,孩子們害怕或者不喜歡讀書是因?yàn)?。根?jù)本段第二、三句“Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud,beforetheteacherandotherchildren,sothatwecanbesurethey‘know’allthewordstheyarereading.Thismeansthatwhentheydon’tknowaword,theyaregoingtomakeamistake,rightinfrontof,everyone.”可知孩子們被要求當(dāng)眾大聲朗讀,當(dāng)他們不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞的時(shí)候,他們會(huì)犯錯(cuò),而且是在所有的人面前犯錯(cuò),這會(huì)讓他們害怕。此題沒(méi)有直接答案而是用一種同義表達(dá)的形式提示答案。答案D,3.圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題——按“文”索“圖”法圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題即根據(jù)短文描述找出相應(yīng)圖形,或根據(jù)圖形選出相應(yīng)文字答案??刹捎谩拔淖宙i定法”,找出描繪圖形的句段,按“文”索“圖”,迅速鎖定相關(guān)圖形。圖表類閱讀題常常只有少量的文字表述,要依據(jù)所提供的圖表或描述進(jìn)行理解。閱讀時(shí)必須弄清圖表中各部分的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,同時(shí)針對(duì)所設(shè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行有目的地識(shí)讀。也可采用“圖形標(biāo)示法”,在圖形中標(biāo)出相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容,以便確定正確答案。,如:2015年浙江B片段,BarGraphsAbargraphhastwoaxesandusesbarstoshowamounts.InGraph1,weseethatthexaxisshowsgradesthatstudentsearned,andtheyaxisshowshowmanystudentsearnedeachgrade.Youcanseethat6studentsearnedanAbecausethebarforAstretchesupto6ontheverticalmeasurement.Thereisalotofinformationwecangetfromasimplegraphlikethis(SeeGraph1).,47.WhatisthetotalnumberofstudentswhoearnedaCorbetter?A.4.B.6.C.10.D.20.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖1所示,C等級(jí)以上的包括A、B、C,A等級(jí)的有6個(gè)人,B等級(jí)的有10個(gè)人,C等級(jí)的有4個(gè)人,加起來(lái)一共是20人,故選D項(xiàng)。答案D,4.是非判斷題——對(duì)號(hào)入座法、排除法(1)對(duì)號(hào)入座法。帶著細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題中所給出的關(guān)鍵詞返回原文,找出相關(guān)的詞或相對(duì)應(yīng)的句子,仔細(xì)閱讀,從中找出答案。但需要注意的是,這些問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)方式往往不是直接照搬文中的原話,而是使用同義詞、近義詞等來(lái)復(fù)述,所以考生一定要認(rèn)真審題。雖然這類細(xì)節(jié)題在文章中能夠找到答案,但是正確選項(xiàng)與文章中的原句還是會(huì)有出入的,命題者通常用不同的詞語(yǔ)或句型表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思。如用同義詞替換、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換、肯定否定互換等,但萬(wàn)變不離其宗。,如:2015浙江C片段Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜間活動(dòng)的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight:We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.,50.Accordingtothepassage,humanbeings.A.prefertoliveinthedarknessB.areusedtolivinginthedaylightC.werecuriousaboutthemidnightworldD.hadtostayathomewiththelightofthemoon解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本段第二句中“...witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.”可以知道答案。其中adaptedto和usedtodoing同義,意為“習(xí)慣于”。,B,(2)排除法。對(duì)于是非判斷題中的“三錯(cuò)一對(duì)”或“三對(duì)一錯(cuò)”類試題,考生通??梢杂门懦ń獯?。這就要求考生仔細(xì)閱讀文章,排除未在文章中提及或轉(zhuǎn)述錯(cuò)誤的三個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)選項(xiàng),或排除文章中已知信息的三個(gè)選項(xiàng),剩下的選項(xiàng)便是正確答案。,如:2015福建第59題59.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.ThechiefprizefortheStiltoncheeserollingcompetitionisbeerorportwine.B.Morethan10,000ChinesetakepartintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.C.ThousandsofspicyfoodsareonshowintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.,D.AnexcitingtomatobattletakesplaceatthebeginningofLaTomatina.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“CompetitionisfierceandthechiefprizeisacompleteStiltoncheeseweighingaboutfourkilos(disappointingly,butunderstandablythecheesesusedintheracearewoodenones).Allthecompetitorsareservedwithbeerorportwine...”可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第二段“Everyyearmorethan10,000peopleheadforthecityof,Albuquerque,NewMexico.TheycomefromasfarawayasAustralia,theCaribbeanandChina...”可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;由倒數(shù)第二段中的“OnthelastWednesdayofeveryAugust,theSpanishtownofhostsLaTomatina—theworld’slargestfoodfight.Aweeklongcelebrationleadsuptoanexcitingtomatobattleasthehighlightoftheweek’sevents.”可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文中的“Youmightliketotry...oranyoneofthethousandsofproductsthatareonshow.”可知你可以任意品嘗展出的上千種食物。故選C。,答案C,5.數(shù)字計(jì)算題——結(jié)果求證法數(shù)字事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題一般會(huì)涉及時(shí)間、年齡、價(jià)錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算。一般來(lái)說(shuō),從數(shù)學(xué)的角度講,計(jì)算量都比較小,容易計(jì)算。但是英語(yǔ)閱讀中的數(shù)字計(jì)算必須要找出計(jì)算背后所隱含的信息。這些“暗”信息會(huì)涉及對(duì)某個(gè)難句的理解,從這個(gè)角度上講,理解文中相應(yīng)的復(fù)雜句是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。解決此類問(wèn)題可將原文信息的表述以數(shù)字計(jì)算的形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái),進(jìn)行結(jié)果求證。,如:2015四川C片段Mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork.Now,thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours,theywouldearnasmuchas£172,000ayear.Thestudylookedattherangeofjobsmothersdo,aswellasthehourstheyareworking,todeterminethefigure.Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome£30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.,38.HowmuchwouldamotherearnayearifworkingasthePrimeMinister?A.£30,000.B.£142,000.C.£172,000.D.£202,000.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的“...theywouldearnasmuchas£172,000ayear.”以及“Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome£30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.”可知,總理的工資是172000-30000=142000。故選擇B。答案B,6.細(xì)節(jié)排序題——首尾定位法排序題會(huì)出現(xiàn)在各種文體中,記敘文中的排序題通常以故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間為線索,也就是排列出什么時(shí)間發(fā)生了什么事情;說(shuō)明文中的排序題通常以說(shuō)明的先后順序?yàn)榫€索,也就是排列出先說(shuō)明什么后說(shuō)明什么;而議論文中的排序題則要以邏輯順序?yàn)榫€索,比如解決問(wèn)題的方法步驟等。,做此類排序題可采用“首尾定位法”,即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情,這樣可以迅速縮小范圍,從而快速選出正確答案,或用代入淘汰法順序逐一排除,從而得出正確答案。如:2014四川C片段Aschoolgirlsavedherfather’slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(過(guò)敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.,Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColm’sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzy’smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.,However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren’tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather’schestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按壓)untiltheambulancearrived.,Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said,“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn’tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”,“She’salittlestar,”saidDebbie.“IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan’tbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe’vegottoseeanexpert.”,40.What’stherightorderoftheevents?,,A.③①②④B.④②③①C.③④②①D.④③①②,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由上下文可知,Izzy先前了解了一些CPR(心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)),后來(lái)她父親因過(guò)敏反應(yīng)心臟停止了工作,Izzy的母親Debbie撥了999急救電話,然后Izzy采取了急救措施。答案C,常見(jiàn)的題干設(shè)問(wèn)形式:1.Thispassage/textwouldmostlikelybefoundin/takenfrom...2.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?4.Wecaninferfromthetextthat.../Accordingtothepassage/text/author,wecan...5.Whatcanwelearn/inferfrom...?,推理判斷類,,考點(diǎn),2,6.Whichofthefollowingwords/statementsdoes...?7.Whydidtheauthormention...?/Howdidthe...?8.Theauthorimpliesthat...9.FromParagraph4wecaninferthat...10.Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat...11.Thepassageisprobablywritten/intendedfor...12.Theauthorusestheexamplesof...toshowthat...13.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards/opinionon...,14.Thewriterofthepassageseemstothinkthat...15.Whatdidsb.meanwhenhe/shesaid...?16.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?17.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?18.Whichofthefollowingreflectstheauthor’sopinion?19.Theauthordevelopsthetextby...,推理判斷題的相關(guān)知識(shí)與解題方法:1.推理判斷題應(yīng)注意的5個(gè)問(wèn)題(1)抓關(guān)鍵信息,逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息,即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ),去分析、推理、判斷。充分利用逆向思維或正向推理等方式,推斷出所隱含的深層含義。(2)整合全文(段)信息,綜合推斷。做推理題時(shí),需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上,整合與題目相關(guān)的信息,綜合起來(lái)去推理判斷,確定最佳選項(xiàng)。,(3)從語(yǔ)境褒貶性看寫作意圖。幾乎每篇文章的語(yǔ)境都有一定的褒貶性,它反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖,因此利用好這一點(diǎn),就能在把握主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。(4)尋字里行間,定情感脈絡(luò)。作者的思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間,或流露于起修飾作用的詞語(yǔ)之中。在推斷過(guò)程中,應(yīng)特別注意作者的措辭,尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。,(5)據(jù)上下文邏輯,實(shí)事求是判斷。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理,從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論,而不是僅僅根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解。,2.推理判斷題的常見(jiàn)題材(1)報(bào)紙:前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱。(2)廣告:因其格式特殊,容易辨認(rèn)。(3)產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明:器皿、設(shè)備的使用說(shuō)明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式,而藥品的服用說(shuō)明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。如果沒(méi)有以上格式,就需要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷如:2015浙江C片段,Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage—thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.,53.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat.A.lightpollutiondoesharmtotheeyesightofanimalsB.lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritagesC.humanbeingscannotgototheouterspaceD.humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse...”可推斷出我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)該反思自己,審視自己的位置。故選D項(xiàng)。答案D,3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1)要學(xué)會(huì)辨清文章的體裁。高考閱讀理解題涉及各類文章,以議論文為主,文章的主題句往往會(huì)直接或間接地表明作者的態(tài)度、立場(chǎng);說(shuō)明文,因?yàn)槠潴w裁的客觀性,所以作者往往采取中立態(tài)度;記敘文,因?yàn)樽髡邔懽鲿r(shí)也常帶有某種感情傾向性,所以考生在讀這種體裁的文章時(shí)要細(xì)心,捕捉那些烘托氣氛、表達(dá)或暗示情感或態(tài)度的詞句。,(2)要分清選項(xiàng)中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反對(duì)或否定的詞語(yǔ),再以此對(duì)照文章內(nèi)容。下面是一些常見(jiàn)的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ):①表示支持或肯定的詞語(yǔ)positive積極的,樂(lè)觀的;supportive支持的;optimistic樂(lè)觀的;enthusiastic熱情的;pleasant愉快的等。,②表示中立的詞語(yǔ)indifferent不感興趣的,漠不關(guān)心的,中立的;uninterested不感興趣的;neutral中立的;subjective主觀的;objective客觀的等。③表示反對(duì)或否定的詞語(yǔ)disgusted憎惡的,厭惡的;critical批評(píng)的;negative否定的,消極的;suspicious懷疑的;disappointed失望的;ironic諷刺的等。,④表示情感的詞語(yǔ)bitter令人不快的;emotional情緒激動(dòng)的;angry氣憤的等。如:2015北京DTechnologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesthatarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.,Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveys(調(diào)查)onthistopicsuggestthatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overlyprotectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpreted,asasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.If,parentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollegeagechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.,Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.,Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.,68.Thewriterbelievesthat.A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantagesC.technologyexplainsgreaterparentalinvolvementwiththeirchildrenD.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence,解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第三段作者提出調(diào)查的結(jié)果并不能理解為現(xiàn)在的家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子不放手,接下來(lái)的兩段作者論述了出現(xiàn)這種結(jié)果的真正原因是科技的發(fā)展使得交流的手段更豐富,成本更低廉,第四段最后一句“Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.”以及最后一段更是再一次強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種觀點(diǎn)。故選C。答案C,4.文章結(jié)構(gòu)題的解題方法(1)按事情發(fā)展的順序;(2)按時(shí)間的先后順序;(3)按地點(diǎn)或空間位置的變換;(4)按內(nèi)容的總分關(guān)系;(5)按人物的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容。針對(duì)此類題,考生應(yīng)做到:一讀,就是通讀全文;二想,就是想一想每一段落的主要意思;三歸,就是把一些內(nèi)容相同或關(guān)系密切的段落合并在一起,成為一個(gè)大段;四查,就是再把各,段段意連起來(lái),看是否能構(gòu)成一個(gè)連貫的整體;五選,選出符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)的正確答案。此外,做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路,如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的順序描寫,也可能通過(guò)舉例、分類、對(duì)比來(lái)敘述,從而作出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的推測(cè)。如:2015北京D(文章見(jiàn)上),70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?,解析文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。分析全文可知第一段簡(jiǎn)單介紹,提出問(wèn)題;第二段為第一個(gè)論點(diǎn),指出父母在子女生活中參與度較高的現(xiàn)象;第三段是第二個(gè)論點(diǎn),指出通過(guò)調(diào)查并不能推斷出父母未能對(duì)子女放手;第四、五段為兩個(gè)次論點(diǎn),第一個(gè)次論點(diǎn)是科技的進(jìn)步導(dǎo)致父母對(duì)子女生活更多的參與,第二個(gè)次論點(diǎn)是子女經(jīng)濟(jì)不獨(dú)立導(dǎo)致父母對(duì)子女的生活更多的參與;最后一段得出結(jié)論。故選B。答案B,主旨大意類,常見(jiàn)的題干設(shè)問(wèn)形式:1.主題型主旨?xì)w納題Themainidea(centralidea)ofthepassageis...Thepassageismainlyabout...Thepassagemainlydiscusses...Thepassageisconcernedprimarilyabout...Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarize/sumupthe,,考點(diǎn),3,mainideaofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatisthepassage/textmainlyabout?,2.標(biāo)題型主旨?xì)w納題Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe...Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatcan/mightbethebesttitleforthetext/thepassage?,3.目的型主旨?xì)w納題Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto...Thepassageismeantto...Theauthor’spurposeistoshow...Thepurposeofthearticleisto...Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?Whatisthepurposeofthetext?,主旨大意題的解題方法:主題句是文章的核心,它往往是一個(gè)有很強(qiáng)概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章主題句,文章的中心思想也就顯而易見(jiàn)了。1.主題句位于首段:其特點(diǎn)是開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地提出論點(diǎn),再分別說(shuō)明。2.主題句位于尾段:其特點(diǎn)是歸納式,即細(xì)節(jié)在前,概括在后。,3.主題句位于中間段落:其特點(diǎn)是引出話題→論述主題→解釋。了解這一特點(diǎn)有利于考生根據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行綜合推理。若文章無(wú)主題句,考生可以依據(jù)文中的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)、觀點(diǎn),歸納出文章的主題。,主旨大意題的出題形式:1.標(biāo)題歸納題(1)標(biāo)題特征①概括性。文章的標(biāo)題能最大程度地概括全文,直接指向文章的主要內(nèi)容,體現(xiàn)文章主旨。②醒目性。標(biāo)題要能吸引讀者的注意力,喚起讀者對(duì)文章的閱讀興趣。標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆,是文章的靈魂,要簡(jiǎn)潔、突出、新穎。標(biāo)題的好壞往往影響讀者閱讀的興趣。讀者一般會(huì)通過(guò)閱讀標(biāo)題來(lái)取舍文章,故標(biāo)題要醒目,以吸引讀者的注意力。,(2)標(biāo)題的歸納方式要做好標(biāo)題歸納題,還需要了解標(biāo)題的歸納方式。一般來(lái)說(shuō),標(biāo)題的歸納方式是:以話題為核心,將控制性概念的詞按一定的語(yǔ)法原則濃縮為概括主題句句意或中心思想的詞組。比如某文章的中心句子為:Coffeeisauniversalbeveragethatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld.話題:Coffee,控制性概念:isauniversalbeveragethatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld標(biāo)題:CoffeeAroundtheWorld注意,做此類題時(shí),要避免下列三種錯(cuò)誤:(1)概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分替代整體,從而導(dǎo)致范圍太小);(2)過(guò)度概括(多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍);(3)以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代文章大意。,如:2015浙江C片段Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜間活動(dòng)的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight:We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.,54.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMagicLightB.TheOrangeHazeC.TheDisappearingNightD.TheRhythmsofNature解析標(biāo)題歸納題。本文第一段點(diǎn)明文章主旨:人類使夜晚充滿了人造光線,使得夜晚不再黑暗,但這么做導(dǎo)致了光污染,其不好影響是非常巨大的。且文章中出現(xiàn)最多的就是,light和night。之所以不選A,是因?yàn)樗褂玫男稳菰~magic意思是“奇幻的”,這個(gè)詞具有褒義的意思,而C選項(xiàng)中的disappearing意為“消失的”,故選項(xiàng)C最合適。答案C,2.寫作目的題每篇文章都有一個(gè)特定的寫作目的,而這些信息通常并不是明確表達(dá)出來(lái)的,而是隱含在文章之中的。因此,這類問(wèn)題要求學(xué)生在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,去領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意。不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的,但寫作目的通常有以下三種:(1)toentertainreaders(娛樂(lè)讀者,讓人發(fā)笑);(2)topersuadereaders(說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn));(3)toinformreaders(告知讀者某些信息)。,如:2015廣東C片段Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.However,byshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.,40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadviseontheeducationaluseofTV.B.TodescribeTV’sharmfuleffectsonchildren.C.ToexplaintraditionalviewsonTVinfluences.D.TopresentAnderson’sunconventionalideas.,解析寫作目的題。根據(jù)本段“...Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.”可知Anderson認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該按照常規(guī),不考慮電視的其他影響而去譴責(zé)電視,故推斷這篇文章的目的是呈現(xiàn)Anderson打破常規(guī)的想法,故選D。答案D,3.段落大意題段落大意即某一段的中心思想,一般體現(xiàn)在某個(gè)句子(即主題句)中,主題句具有明顯的概括性,句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,段落中其他句子均用來(lái)解釋、支撐或擴(kuò)展主題句所表述的中心思想。主題句通常位于段首,但也可位于段尾、段中或者段首段尾前后呼應(yīng)。把握好段落的主題句是解答此類題的關(guān)鍵。,如:2015福建E片段Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustain(保持)ahealthylifestyle.Groupexerciseischallenging,yetfunandempowering!Ofcourseeveryoneknowsthatexerciseisgoodforthebody.However,studieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroups,it’snotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealthbutforpsychologicalhealth.It’sanopportunitytobesocial,release,endorphins(內(nèi)啡肽),andimproveyourstrength.Additionally,groupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalmotivatesparticipantstoworkhard.Theinstrumentalsupportoftakingonafitnessjourneywithothersprovesmoreeffectivethangoingtothegymalone.,72.Thefirstparagraphfocuseson.A.thegreatestchallengeofgroupexerciseB.themosteffectivewaytoimprovephysicalfitnessC.thecontributionofgroupexercisetopsychologicalhealthD.thesharedcommongoalinperformingexerciseingroups,解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段第四句可知,研究表明,群體健身不僅對(duì)改善身體健康有益處,而且能有效地改善心理健康。答案C,常見(jiàn)的題干設(shè)問(wèn)形式:1.Whichofthefollowingisthenearestinmeaningto...?2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword/sentencemeaninthelastparagraph?3.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“...”?4.Theunderlinedword“...”inthecontext/inParagraph...probablymeans“”.5.Theterm“...”canbebestreplacedby“”.,猜測(cè)類,,考點(diǎn),4,6.Theword“...”probablyrefersto“”.7.Asusedintheline...,theword“...”refersto“”.8.Accordingtothepassage,theword“...”isknownas.9.Theword/phrase“...”isclosestinmeaningto.10.Bysaying“...”,theauthormeans.11.Thepassageusestheword“...”toreferto.12.Thewords“...”inParagraph3probablyrefertopeoplewho.,13.Inthelastparagraph“...”probablymeans“”.14.Accordingtotheauthor,theunderlinedword“...”means“”.15.Fromthecontext/passage,wecaninferthattheword“...”means“”.16.Whatdoesthe(underlined)word“...”referto?,歷年猜測(cè)題的出題形式:1.猜測(cè)詞義題(1)利用構(gòu)詞法解答此類題目,首先要熟練掌握構(gòu)詞法的基本知識(shí)。高考閱讀理解中的猜測(cè)詞義題主要集中在派生和合成兩種形式上,對(duì)猜測(cè)的詞義可帶入句子進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,看是否符合語(yǔ)境,從而推測(cè)出答案。,(2)通過(guò)同義、反義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。在生詞所在的上下文中,有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或反義的詞語(yǔ),這時(shí)可根據(jù)熟悉的詞語(yǔ)的含義推知生詞的含義。(3)通過(guò)定義、解釋和舉例猜測(cè)詞義。在一些文章中,特別是新聞報(bào)道及科普類說(shuō)明文中,生詞后面往往用thatis,mean,standfor,namely,referto,inotherwords等或破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)引出說(shuō)明性的內(nèi)容,有時(shí)也用同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。還有些文章經(jīng)常用例子來(lái)說(shuō)明前面較難理,解的詞,這些例子可幫助考生準(zhǔn)確猜測(cè)生詞。文章舉例時(shí),常常會(huì)用一些連詞,如suchas,like,forexample等。(4)通過(guò)上下文的聯(lián)系猜測(cè)詞義。任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對(duì)孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有聯(lián)系。因此,考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析,進(jìn)而猜測(cè)詞義。這是閱讀過(guò)程中的一大關(guān)鍵,也是近年來(lái)高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。,(5)有的生詞詞義的猜測(cè)要求利用自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及科學(xué)常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析推斷。比如了解一些英美國(guó)家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、社會(huì)制度;了解掌握自然知識(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象以及現(xiàn)代科技知識(shí)。,2.猜測(cè)短語(yǔ)題猜測(cè)短語(yǔ)的方法與猜測(cè)詞義的方法大致相同。有時(shí)先注意分析短語(yǔ)的意思,然后結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境去推測(cè)短語(yǔ)的含義會(huì)更有利于解決問(wèn)題。如:2015陜西D片段Parentswhohelptheirchildrenwithhomeworkmayactuallybebringingdowntheirschoolgrades.Otherformsof,parentalinvolvement,includingvolunteeringatschoolandobservingachild’sclass,alsofailtohelp,accordingtothemostrecentstudyonthetopic.58.Theunderlinedexpression“parentalinvolvement”inParagraph1probablymeans“”.A.parents’expectationonchildren’shealthB.parents’participationinchildren’seducationC.parents’controloverchildren’slifeD.parents’planforchildren’sfuture,解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段“幫助孩子做家庭作業(yè)的家長(zhǎng)也許真的會(huì)讓孩子的成績(jī)下降。其他形式的參與也沒(méi)有多大幫助?!笨芍@是父母在參與孩子的教育。involvement涉及,卷入,對(duì)應(yīng)B項(xiàng)中的participation一詞。答案B,3.猜測(cè)句意題做猜測(cè)句意題目時(shí),考生除了可借鑒猜測(cè)生詞和短語(yǔ)的方法之外,還要注意:(1)返回原文,找到該句子,對(duì)原句進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法和詞義上的準(zhǔn)確分析。正確選項(xiàng)與原句之間往往不需要很多的推理。(2)一般說(shuō)來(lái),正確選項(xiàng)的意思與原句的意思完全相同,只不過(guò)是用其他的英語(yǔ)詞匯表達(dá)而已。如:2015福建D片段,Decideandactbeforeoverthinking.Whenyoudothisyoumayfeelalittle,orlarge,releasefromthejailofyourmindandyou’llbeonyourway.,70.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?A.Escapefromyourpunishment.B.Realizationofyourdreams.C.Freedomfromyourtension.D.Reductionofyourexpectations.,解析句意猜測(cè)題。releasefromthejailofyourmind“從你思想的監(jiān)獄里走出來(lái)”,意思就是解放自己的思想,擺脫緊張感,對(duì)應(yīng)C項(xiàng)中的freedom。答案C,4.猜測(cè)指代題解這類題時(shí),應(yīng)注意代詞指代的總原則——就近指代:代詞指代在數(shù)(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))、格(主格或賓格)、邏輯、意義、位置等方面與之接近的名詞。就位置而言,代詞所指代的名詞通常在本句或其上句中。指代的除名詞外,還可指的是一(多)件事,形式可以是句子、v.ing形式的短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式等。,如:2015重慶D片段Severalsafaricampsoperateasthebaseforthisadventure,providinguniqueridestwiceadaytoexploredeepintothedelta.Thecampshaveexcellenthorses,professionalguidesandlotsofsupportworkers.- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
- 2.下載的文檔,不會(huì)出現(xiàn)我們的網(wǎng)址水印。
- 3、該文檔所得收入(下載+內(nèi)容+預(yù)覽)歸上傳者、原創(chuàng)作者;如果您是本文檔原作者,請(qǐng)點(diǎn)此認(rèn)領(lǐng)!既往收益都?xì)w您。
下載文檔到電腦,查找使用更方便
14.9 積分
下載 |
- 配套講稿:
如PPT文件的首頁(yè)顯示word圖標(biāo),表示該P(yáng)PT已包含配套word講稿。雙擊word圖標(biāo)可打開(kāi)word文檔。
- 特殊限制:
部分文檔作品中含有的國(guó)旗、國(guó)徽等圖片,僅作為作品整體效果示例展示,禁止商用。設(shè)計(jì)者僅對(duì)作品中獨(dú)創(chuàng)性部分享有著作權(quán)。
- 關(guān) 鍵 詞:
- 高考英語(yǔ)大二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 閱讀理解課件 高考 英語(yǔ) 二輪 復(fù)習(xí) 專題 閱讀 理解 課件
鏈接地址:http://www.820124.com/p-3165926.html