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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) Unit2 Working the land Section III Using language練習(xí) 新人教版必修4 一、課前預(yù)習(xí) （一）重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1. 逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開(kāi)發(fā) _______________________ 2. 導(dǎo)致；造成；通向 _______________________ 3. 集中（注意力、經(jīng)歷）于_______________________ 4. 減少了 _______________________ 5. 使……免受（影響等） _______________________ 6. 帶給……損害 _______________________ 7. 求助于 _______________________ 8. 發(fā)現(xiàn) _______________________ 9. 避免做某事 _______________________ 10. 對(duì)……做評(píng)論 _______________________ (二) 重點(diǎn)句型 1. All roads _____ _____ Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。 2. The bad weather _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ the crops. 惡劣天氣已給農(nóng)作物帶來(lái)重大損害。 3. By working hard, he has _____ _____a good reputation for his goods. 通過(guò)努力工作，他已經(jīng)給自己的商品建立了良好的信譽(yù)。 4. _____ the table _____ _____ dirt by putting a cover over it. 鋪上桌布，別讓桌子布滿灰塵。 5. Schools _____ _____ scholastic and professional skills, but not _____ financial skills. 學(xué)校教育只專(zhuān)注于學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)和專(zhuān)業(yè)技能的教育和培養(yǎng)，卻忽視了理財(cái)技能的培訓(xùn)。 6. Downing Street has so far refused to _____ _____these reports. 英國(guó)政府對(duì)這些報(bào)道迄今不予置評(píng)。 7. He is a fugitive，trying _____ _____ _____ _____by the police. 他是逃犯，正試圖逃避警方的追捕。 8. I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than_____ _____ _____ _____. 我設(shè)法自立而不求助于我的父母。 9. So far, scientists have_____ _____ _____ in biology and medicine. 迄今，科學(xué)家們已在生物學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)上獲得重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。 10. The price _____ _____ _____ _____20 percent since May. 自五月以來(lái)價(jià)格降低了百分之二十。 二、易混易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn) reduce to, reduce by (1) reduce(…)to… 降低到……（某個(gè)位置、程度） The temperature has been reduced (from 40 degrees)to 28 degrees. 溫度從40度降低到了28度。 (2) reduce(…)by…降低了……（by后面跟降低的具體幅度） The current death rate is reduced by 10% pared with that of the year of 1980. 今天的死亡率同1980年相比下降了10%。 類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)還有： increase to增加到……；increase by增加了…… decrease to減少到……；decrease by 減少了…… expand to擴(kuò)張到……；expand by擴(kuò)長(zhǎng)了…… 即境活用： 1. The price of wheat has decreased _____ 15%. 2. The number of new students increased _____ 160 _____ 220. 3. How terrible! My weight has increased ______ 60 kilograms, which disturbs me a lot. 三、課后自測(cè) （一） 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè) I. 單詞拼寫(xiě) 1. Costs have been ______ (減少) by 20% over the past year. 2. There was a lot of ______(評(píng)論) about his behavior. 3. A ______ (化學(xué)) change takes place in paper when it burns. 4. It wont be long before we can be rid of the ______ (害蟲(chóng)) altogether. 5. Never in the history of science had so many important ______ (發(fā)現(xiàn)) e so quickly. II. 完成句子 1. 她試圖避而不答我的問(wèn)題。(avoid doing) She tried ________________________________. 2. 大家的眼光都注意著他。（focus on） All eyes ________________________________ him. 3. 參加體育活動(dòng)增強(qiáng)體力。(build up) Take part in the physical exercises and ________________________________. 4. 幾天前，老板發(fā)脾氣，杰克被解雇了。(lead to) The bosss losing his temper ________________________________ the other day. 5. 精密儀器必須保持無(wú)塵。（keep…free from） The precision instrument must ________________________________ dust. 6. 教師不肯評(píng)論考試結(jié)果。(ment on) The teacher refused ________________________________. （二）能力提升自測(cè) I. 單項(xiàng)填空 1.Generous public funding of basic science would _____ a good many benefits for the countrys health, wealth and security. A. result from B. lead to C. lie in D. settle down 2. Nowadays everyone is responsible for _____ a harmonious society in China. A. making up B. taking up C. opening up D. building up 3. Lots of waste has been dumped into the river，which has led to ______. A. lots of fish having been killed B. kill lots of fish C. lots of fish being killed D. lots of fish to kill 4. The operation room in every hospital has to _____ bacteria of any kind so that the patient being operated on doesn’t get infected. A. keep free from B. make it free from C. be made free with D. be kept free from 5. —Would you like to ______the performance of newly developed energy-saving device? —Sorry, but I am not in the position to ______. A. make a ment on; ment B. have a ment with; ment on C. build up ments on; ment on D. e up with a ment on; ment 6. All her energies are ______upon children and she seems to have little time for anything else. A．guided B．a(chǎn)imed C．directed D．focused 7. —What made you so delighted at Christmas? —______. A．I received much more presents than others B．Because my parents promised me a new car C．My uncles ing back from abroad D．As there was an unusual celebration 8. Tom’s weight was reduced ______ 10 kilograms last year A. by B. to C. from D. in 9. —I don’t know how to write the article assigned by our professor on international trade. —You should have ______ your attention on the lecture that ______ how international situation affects exports and imports across the globe. A. put; concentrate on B. paid; talked about C. fixed; dealt on D. focused; focused on 10. Do you know that with wise men improves your mind? A. chat B. chats C. chatted D. chatting 11. I would rather ______ the football match last night with my friends. Otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now. A. not have watched B. not watch C. hadn’t watched D. haven’t watched 12. Look! What has happened. I’d rather you ______ him about the bad news. A. would not tell B. hadn’t told C. didn’t tell D. hasn’t told 13. When you are in the room, keep your eyes _____ and your mouth _____. A. open; close B. opened; closed C. open ; closed D. opened; close 14. Much to my _____, I am unable to accept your invitation. A. regret B. disappointment C. satisfaction D. astonishment 15. She was ______ with the result. We knew it from her _____ look. A. satisfying; satisfied B. satisfied; satisfied C. satisfied; satisfying D. satisfying; satisfying (三) 智能拓展訓(xùn)練 I. 閱讀理解 A Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means. Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animals teeth. Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛蟲(chóng)) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar. Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future. 1. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals________. A. are not tall enough B. like the lower leaves only C. are not clever enough D. can get the lower leaves easily 2. To defend themselves, oak trees use________. A. chemical means B. physical means C. bitter chemicals D. sandy materials 3. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar? A. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means. B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar. C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked. D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away. 4. What would be the best title for this passage? A. Plants and Animals B. How Plants Defend Themselves C. Attacks and Defenses D. How Animals Eat Plant Leaves B We have two daughters: Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner. I dressed them nicely for the party, and told them that their job was to join Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang. Mommy would introduce them to the guests, and then they would take the guests coats upstairs and put them on the bed in the second bedroom. The guests arrived. I introduced my two daughters to each of them. The adults were nice and kind and said how lucky we were to have such good kids. Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big "to do" over the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions. But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child. I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. I was about to serve dinner when I realized that she had been missing for twenty minutes. I ran upstairs and found her in the bedroom, crying. I said, "What are you doing, my dear?" She turned to me with a sad expression and said, "Mommy, why dont people like me the way they like my sister? Is it because Im not pretty? Is that why they dont say nice things about me as much?" I tried to explain to her, kissing and hugging her to make her feel better. Now, whenever I visit a friends home, I make it a point to speak to the elder child first. 5. The underlined expression make a big "to do" over (paragraph 4) means _______. A. show much concern about B. have a special effect on C. list jobs to be done for D. do good things for 6.The guests praised Kelly for carrying coats upstairs because of her________. A. beautiful hair B. pretty clothes C. lovely smile D. young age 7. Kristen felt sad and cried because________. A. the guest gave her more coats to carry B. she didnt look as pretty as Kelly C. the guests praised her sister more than her D. her mother didnt introduce her to the guests 8. We can conclude from the passage that _______. A. parents should pay more attention to the elder children B. the younger children are usually more easily hurt C. people usually like the younger children more D. adults should treat children equally Section III Using language 一、課前預(yù)習(xí) （一）重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1. build up 2. lead to 3. focus on 4. reduce by 5. keep…free from 6. cause/do damage to 7. turn to 8. make a discovery/ discoveries 9. avoid doing sth 10. ment on/make a ment on/ make ments on (二) 重點(diǎn)句型 1. lead to 2. has done /caused great damage to 3. built up 4. Keep; free from 5. focus on; on 6. ment on 7. to avoid being caught 8. turned to my parents 9. made important discoveries 10. has been reduced by 二、易混易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 即境活用：1. by 2. from; to 3. to 三、課后自測(cè) （一） 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè) I. 單詞拼寫(xiě) 1. reduced 2. ment 3. chemical 4. pests 5. discoveries II. 完成句子 1. to avoid answering my questions 2. are/were focused on 3. build up your strength 4. led to Jack/Jack’s being fired 5. be kept free from 6. to ment on/make a ment on the examination results （二）能力提升自測(cè) I. 單項(xiàng)填空(15) 1. B. 考查短語(yǔ)辨析。 result from“由于”；lead to“導(dǎo)致”；lie in“在于”；settle down“安頓，定居”。句意：基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)充足的公共基金會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家的健康、財(cái)富和安全有很多益處。根據(jù)題意可知選B項(xiàng)。 2. D. 考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：如今每個(gè)人都應(yīng)擔(dān)負(fù)起構(gòu)建和諧中國(guó)的責(zé)任。make up表示“彌補(bǔ)”；take up表示“占據(jù)，從事”；open up表示“開(kāi)放，開(kāi)辟”；build up表示“使強(qiáng)壯，建造”。 3. C. 考查動(dòng)詞用法和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。lead to導(dǎo)致，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，可排除B項(xiàng)；又因此處表示“魚(yú)被殺”，可排除D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)，表示已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，顯然不合題意。正確的說(shuō)法是：lots of fish being killed，故選C項(xiàng)。 4. D. 考查固定短語(yǔ)。keep the operation room free from bacteria of any kind 使手術(shù)室中沒(méi)有任何細(xì)菌, 因此這里需要被動(dòng)形式。 5. A. 考查固定短語(yǔ)。第一個(gè)空make a ment on/ment on 對(duì)……進(jìn)行評(píng)論；第二個(gè)空不定式作定語(yǔ) to ment(on it)對(duì)此發(fā)表評(píng)論。 6. D. 考查動(dòng)詞搭配。guide“指導(dǎo)，指引”；aim“針對(duì)，目標(biāo)”；direct“指引，給某人指路”；focus ones attention/eyes/energy on/upon...“集中注意力/視線/精力于……”。句意：她把所有的精力都集中在孩子身上，她似乎很少有時(shí)間關(guān)注其他任何事情。由句意可知答案為D項(xiàng)。 7. C. 考查動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)。由題干中的what在句子中作主語(yǔ)可知，答語(yǔ)只能用名詞、代詞、不定式或者動(dòng)名詞。故只有C項(xiàng)符合題意。 8. A. 考查reduce的基本用法。句意:去年湯姆的體重減少了10公斤。reduce by減少了……；reduce to減少到……。 9. D. 考查動(dòng)詞固定搭配。第一個(gè)空f(shuō)ix/focus one’s attention on sth 集中精力于；pay attention to注意。第二個(gè)空可用deal with涉及，關(guān)于/ talk about 探討/ focus on (concentrate on) 關(guān)注。 10. D. 考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。在句中chatting with wise men 做賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)。 1. A. 考查“would rather have done”的用法。would rather not have done表示“寧愿沒(méi)有做而實(shí)際上做了”。 12. B. 考查“would rather＋從句”的用法。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若表示同現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，則應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)?！拔覍幵改銢](méi)告訴他那個(gè)壞消息”同過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。 13. C. 考查“keep+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”的用法。open/closed 在句中是形容詞作賓補(bǔ)。 14. A. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：讓我特別遺憾的是不能接受你的邀請(qǐng)。regret 遺憾；disappointment 失望；satisfaction滿意；astonishment震驚。 15.B．考查satisfied和satisfying 的區(qū)別。satisfied感到滿意的,表示情感狀態(tài); be satisfied with 對(duì)……滿意；修飾人的表情，聲音等也用-ed形式。satisfying令人滿意的的，表示性質(zhì)特征。 (三) 智能拓展訓(xùn)練 I. 閱讀理解 1. D. 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，由第二段最后一句…the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.可知答案。 2. B. 推理判斷題。由第三段首句Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.可推知又厚又硬的樹(shù)葉屬于植物自我保護(hù)的物理手段。 3. C. 推理判斷題。由第四段This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine可知tobacco保護(hù)自己不被毛蟲(chóng)侵害的辦法是產(chǎn)生更多的nicotine。 4. B. 主旨概括題。認(rèn)真閱讀分析原文不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，原文第一段末句But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.為主題句，全文都是在說(shuō)明植物是怎樣保護(hù)他們自己的。 5. A. 詞義猜測(cè)題。從前文中客人更多的夸贊她的小女兒可以看出她認(rèn)為成年人應(yīng)該更多的關(guān)注小一點(diǎn)的孩子。 6. D. 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段They said she was a remarkable（非凡的） girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age.可知答案。 7. C. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段…with a sad expression and said: “Mommy, why dont people like me the way they like my sister? 可知Kelly委屈的哭了是因?yàn)榭腿吮頁(yè)P(yáng)妹妹比自己多。 8. D. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)聚會(huì)上人們對(duì)待兩個(gè)孩子的不同態(tài)度對(duì)孩子造成的傷害，可以推知文章的結(jié)論：成年人應(yīng)該平等對(duì)待每個(gè)孩子。