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2019-2020年高考英語真題分類匯編 專題17 閱讀新題型 1.【xx北京卷】第二節(jié)（共 5 小題；每小題 2 分。共 10 分） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出正確的填入空白處。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy._71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you e up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(機會) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__74__ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.____75_ Always remember that your best ideas might e when your head is actually in the clouds. A. Having interesting things to think about also helps. B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes. D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. 【解析】 【考點定位】生活類短文閱讀 【名師點睛】本文是七選五?？嫉慕ㄗh類說明文，第1、2自然段為概念的提出及導(dǎo)入，第3段明確了下文的內(nèi)容：如何在“白日做夢”中趨利避害。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，干擾選項較易排除，整體難度不大，文章的主題“如何培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新的想法”，除了理解整篇文章及選項外還要注意文章中的副詞，代詞，邏輯連接詞以及特殊概念名詞的出現(xiàn)。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，可讀性強，提示詞明顯。因此，日常練習(xí)中要側(cè)重以抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)及段落主旨為主，兼顧辨析選項，尤其是根據(jù)核心詞排除干擾項的做題技巧。學(xué)生需要遵循先易后難的原則，來提高正確率。 2.【xx江蘇】任務(wù)型閱讀 (共 10 小題; 每小題 1 分, 滿分 10 分) 請閱讀下面短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。 注意: 請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。 每個空格只填一個單詞。 People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward. In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health. News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs. News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world. For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward. What news stories do you read? Division of news stories ● People expect to get (71) ▲ from reading news. ● News stories are roughly divided into two classes. ● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t. (72)▲of the two classes ● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual (73)▲ . ● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and (74)▲similar feelings with those involved. ● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a (75) ▲to them. ● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76)▲for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to (77)▲from the reality. Unstable boundaries of the two classes ● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their (78) ▲. ● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and (79)▲ themselves to the reality. ● Thus, the division, on the whole, (80)▲on the reader. 【答案】 71．rewards/rewarded 72．Explanations 73．involvement 74．share 75．threat 76．prepare 77．withdraw 78．profession(s)/intention 79．a(chǎn)dapt 80．depends 【解析】 試題分析：文章結(jié)合弗洛伊德心理學(xué)理論，分析了不同人群對新聞報道的接受習(xí)慣和反應(yīng)特征，從新聞類別、讀者反應(yīng)、異類互滲等角度考察了考生在信息檢索、內(nèi)容歸納、語言結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的知識與能力。難度較14年有所下降，重點考查考察信息轉(zhuǎn)換題，涉及詞性和詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，學(xué)生“有據(jù)可循”，歸納概括題比例明顯下降。 71．信息查找題。根據(jù)“People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds.”可知此處填rewards/rewarded“得到回報/被獎勵”。 72．信息歸納題。文章二、三、四段是對“immediate reward（即時回報）”和“delayed reward（遲來的回報）”的解釋。 73．信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.”可知此處填involvement“參與”。 74．信息歸納題。根據(jù)第三段中“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder … laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.”可知讀者會將自己和新聞故事中發(fā)生的事緊緊聯(lián)系在一起，和參與者有相似的感受。因此此處填share“同樣有”。 75．信息查找題。根據(jù)第四段中“It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, … It has a kind of ‘threat value.’”可知此處填threat“威脅”。 76．信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第四段中“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可知此處填prepare，與后面的介詞for搭配“為……做準備”。 77．信息查找題。根據(jù)第四段中“When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.” 此處填withdraw “退出，離開”。 78．歸納概括題。根據(jù)最后一段中“For example, a sociologist may … A coach may …A politician may …”可知讀者對新聞故事的期待很大程度上受他們職業(yè)的影響。此處填profession(s)“職業(yè)”/intention“意圖，動機”。 79．信息查找題。根據(jù)第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知此處填adapt“使適應(yīng)”。 80．歸納概括題。根據(jù)最后一段中“while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.”可知這一分類取決于讀者個體。此處填depends，和后面的介詞on搭配“取決于”。 【考點定位】任務(wù)型閱讀。 【名師點睛】任務(wù)型閱讀一般的解題思路可歸納為四步曲，即“審題”→“略讀”→“邊細讀邊解題”→“復(fù)核”。“審題”，即看清題目及要求，做到有的放矢，心中有數(shù)?！奥宰x”，指的是快速閱讀、掌握大意。了解閱讀材料的文體，作者的觀點和態(tài)度?！斑吋氉x邊解題”，指通過細讀題目和文章中相關(guān)信息完成指定任務(wù)?？忌鷳?yīng)注意表格前的小標題，它通常是段落和表格的主題句，有助于理解文章。理解表格設(shè)計，表格一般包括列標題和行標題，通過閱讀這些標題和表格里的內(nèi)容，可迅速了解表格的結(jié)構(gòu)和表格的設(shè)計原理，同時也可縮小信息范圍，確定考查內(nèi)容。根據(jù)已填的內(nèi)容來推斷所填之詞的形式，是單詞或詞組。填寫答案時要注意與已填部分的形式保持一致。同時要注意時態(tài)、語態(tài)、句式等。“復(fù)核”即檢查核對初步完成的所要求的任務(wù)。注意拼寫是否正確以及大小寫等。 3.【xx廣東】信息匹配（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分） 請閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。請在答題卡上將對應(yīng)題號的相應(yīng)選項字母涂黑。 首先閱讀下列活動介紹： A. B. A Night of Glamor and Intrigue at Shanghai Bund in 1930 To celebrate Asia heritage month, Trendy New York is proud to present “Cheongsam Night out--A date with Cheongsam beauties in Shanghai Bund 1930”. May 16, 9:00 PM-May 17, 12:00 AM. EDT 330 West 40th Street, New York. NY 10018 Picking Partners---NEW YORK Featuring adaptations from Chinese and Western classic, including works from Chinese Academy Award---winning poser Tan Dun, the Beijing Guitar Duo teamed up with Cuban guitar virtuoso Manuel Barrueco (right) for a China West Concert at the New York Historical Society on April 23. C. D. Heroes of History: Legacy of My Chinese Family Join us as actress Tina Chen recounts the fascinating story of three generations of her mother’s family and their contributions to the history of China. Friday, May 8, 6:30PM--7:30PM China Institute 125 East 65th Street, New York, NY 10065 Great shorts---NEW YORK A photography exhibition held by HAN Media to celebrate its founding in New York City on April 24, featuring three emerging Chinese photographers; Yingxi Michael Shi, Haiyin Lin and Liming Guan, whose works have appeared in publications such as Vogue, ELLE, The New York Times and others. E. F. Forbidden delights---NEW YORK The first session of the China Institute in America short course Beijing: The City Through Its Architecture opens on Wednesday. Nancy S. Steinhardt discusses the Forbidden City and Beijing’s imperial architecture. Passing on the Kunqu Art: From Master to Disciples Kunqu Society, the classical Chinese theater which bines singing, dancing and acting to literary works by masters of Ming and Qing Dynasties, performing introduces four signature plays of Kunqu Master Jiqing Zhang to American audiences. Sunday, April 19, 2:00PM, EST Miller Theatre at Columbia University 2960 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 請根據(jù)以下人物介紹選擇他們可能參加的活動： 46. Edward Leonardo Norton, connoisseur of Chinese and Japanese antiques. He has a strong interest in classical Chinese literary works. He even starts going to evening classes to learn classical Chinese at Columbia University. 47. Daphne Sui-yuan Tan, former director of National Association of Photographers. After reading some history books on how the first group of Chinese immigrants survived in America of the 19th century, she has bee keen on her own family history and that of others. 48. Sharon Collins, pop singer and amateur photographer. Her marriage with a serious music critic has drawn her to his world, so she is now crazy about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert with her husband. 49. Michelle Higgins, eminent photographer and columnist for quite a few internationally-known travel magazines. Recently, she has shown great interest in photo exhibits which feature young artists with Islamic or Chinese background. 50. Caroline Hugo, famous writer and influential movie critic. Last year her fantasy story which involved the mysterious Forbidden City received critical acclaim. Now she is conceiving a romance that has Shanghai of the 1930s as the setting. 【解析】 試題分析： 46. F根據(jù)Edward Leonardo Norton 對于中國的古典文學(xué)作品感興趣，并且去上夜校來學(xué)習(xí)古典漢語。選項F敘述的是Kunqu Society是中國古典的戲院，把唱歌、跳舞和中國文學(xué)作品聯(lián)系起來。這正符合Edward Leonardo Norton的要求，故選F。 47. C根據(jù)Daphne Sui-yuan Tan對于自己的以及其他人的家族歷史感興趣。選項C敘述的是legacy of my Chinese Family，關(guān)于家族的歷史，這正符合Daphne Sui-yuan Tan的要求，故選C。 48. B根據(jù)Sharon Collins是一名歌手和業(yè)余攝影師，她對于古典音樂非常感興趣，她不錯過參加音樂會的任何機會。選項B敘述的是Picking partners將在4月23日召開音樂會，這正符合Edward Leonardo Norton的要求，故選B。 49. D根據(jù)Michelle Higgins對于攝影展非常感興趣。選項D敘述的是一次攝影展在4月24日在紐約舉行，這正符合Edward Leonardo Norton的要求，故選D。 50. E根據(jù)Caroline Hugo寫過關(guān)于紫禁城一個故事，選項E敘述的是Forbidden Delights要討論關(guān)于紫禁城的城市。 【考點定位】信息匹配。 【名師點睛】本題介紹了這5個人有不同的愛好和需求，廣告欄中介紹不同的活動情況及各自的聯(lián)系方式，為不同的人找到他們可能需要參加的活動，此題主要考查學(xué)生的語篇理解的能力，以及查讀所需信息的能力。 4.【xx陜西】第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下框的A~F選項中選出能概括每一段主題的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。選項中有一項為多余項。 A. The mistaken belief B. The need for tolerance C. Unpunctuality at dinners D. Punctuality and confidence E. Self-discipline and punctuality F. Avoid anxiety by being punctual 61. A There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view. Being unpunctual, we are not respectful of others ; we are interfering (擾亂)with another mans time. We must realise that keeping appointments or being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed and we are expected to respect this contract. It is only natural that we lose faith, trust and confidence in a person who is tardy(延遲的). 62. E To be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others. A school boy or girl is unpunctual because he or she does not have the necessary human virtue of self-discipline. It is also a mark of disrespect for a system or an institution. Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit cause problems to others. A salesman who is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job. 63. F Being punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual. You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late. The person who sets out late might be careless in driving. He will ignore traffic rules. A traffic jam, flat tyres, etc. can delay him further. Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time. 64. C Many of those who attend dinners are notorious (聲名狼藉的)for unpunctuality. They ignore the appointed time and leave their homes only after the fixed time. They are indifferent to the inconvenience caused to others. If the self-centred guest arrives late, the nine others at the table set for ten will have to wait. The host is put in an unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the inconvenience caused to all -the waiters, the management staff, etc. It is necessary for us to think of others and be considerate to them. 65 B However, we cannot always be intolerant (無法容忍的) of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance. There can be a busy executive who fights to keep to his schedule. Such a person may be forgiven if he is late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression. In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue. It is a recognition of the importance of other people. 【解析】 試題分析：文章介紹的是人際交往中守時和自律的重要性，并介紹如何做到守時和自律。 61.考查段落大意：根據(jù)這段的句子： There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view.可知這段的大意是：錯誤的觀念，所以選A. 62.考查段落大意：根據(jù)這段的句子： To be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others.可知這段的大意是：自律和守時，所以選E。 63.考查段落大意：根據(jù)這段的句子： Being punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual.可知這段的大意是：避免守時造成的焦慮，所以選F。 64.考查段落大意：根據(jù)這段的句子： Many of those who attend dinners are notorious (聲名狼藉的)for unpunctuality.可知這段的大意是：就餐時不守時，所以選C。 65.考查段落大意：根據(jù)這段的句子： However, we cannot always be intolerant (無法容忍的) of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance.可知這段的大意是：需要容忍，所以選B。 【考點定位】考查信息匹配 【名師點睛】這題考查信息匹配題是考查每個段落大意，要確定每個段落的大意首先要仔細閱讀文章每個段落，特別注意每段的首句和尾句，最好劃出題干中的定位詞，和選項中的句子進行對比這樣可以更準確的抓住段落大意。 5.【xx天津】閱讀表達（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分） 閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。 Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the munity. On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good outes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a fortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy. “Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down scares me. Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.” “The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a fortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts.” The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things — and there are ten million things waiting to be done.” Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing. 56. What was the author’s grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words) 57. What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words) 58. What is the grandfather’s view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words) 59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words) 60. Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words) 【答案】 56. He was a postman. Or: He worked in a post-office. 57. He advised him to slow down (and take things easy). / He advised he/his grandfather (should) slow down. 58. The process is more important than the result. Or: A man should not slow down however old he is. Or: Life isnt having it made; its getting it made. / Its the journey, not the arrival that counts. 59. My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things. Or: The grandfather is still living an active life. Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do. 60. Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is. Or: People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful No. It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age. Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age. 【解析】 試題分析：作者的爺爺曾經(jīng)是名郵寄員，然而退休之后一直忙于做一些有意義的事情。作者寫信給爺爺讓他多休息休息，但爺爺回信說他任然堅持他的忙碌的生活。 56. 細節(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)文章第一段At age 68, he retired from the post office可以歸納出答案，注意字數(shù)的限制。 57. 細節(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)文章第二段Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down.可知作者在信中建議他爺爺放慢速度。特別注意動詞advise的用法。 58. 細節(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)文章第四段It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts等內(nèi)容可以歸納出答案。 59. 句意猜測題。根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可以推測出，他爺爺仍然在忙于做有意義的事情。 60. 開放題。首先要回答同意不同意他爺爺?shù)纳钣^，并且陳述自己的理由。 【考點定位】閱讀表達。 【名師點睛】本文是一篇記敘文。整體文章易懂，但題目設(shè)置靈活，總體難度中等?？忌坏獜奈恼轮姓页龃鸢福€要根據(jù)問題的設(shè)置歸納出相應(yīng)的答案。書寫答案的時候，考生要注意語法結(jié)構(gòu)的正確以及字數(shù)的限制。 6.【xx浙江】第二節(jié):下面文章中有5個段落需要添加首句(第61-65題)。請從以下選項(A, B, C, D, E和F)中選出適合各段落的首句，并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)選項的標號涂黑。選項中有一項是多余選項。 A. e in with something to say. B. Prepare general ments. C. Bring materials with you. D. Don’t make them wait. E. Have no fear. F. Go it alone. One of the best things you can do any time in the semester is go see the professor. So hoof on over to an office hour and have some one-on-one face time with som