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2019-2020年高考英語典型試題精粹 專題九 虛擬語氣 　　高考精萃 1．(xx北京卷)We ________ (be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. 2．(xx天津卷)________ (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. 3．(xx重慶卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ (do) it? 4．(xx福建卷)________(be) there no modern telemunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 5．(xx浙江卷)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ________ (e) to our help. 6．(xx安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they ________ (throw) away in the past. 7．(xx湖南卷)If Mr. Dewey ________ (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 8．(xx陜西卷)We would rather our daughter ________ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 9．(xx北京卷)If we ________(book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue. 10．(xx天津卷)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now. 11．(xx安徽卷)I ________(go) to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available. 12．(xx陜西卷)My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change this weekend. 13．(xx浙江卷)Eye doctors remend that a childs first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old. 14．(xx重慶卷)—It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. —Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________. 15．(xx福建卷)—Do you think George has passed the driving test? —No. If so, he ________(drive) his car to our college yesterday. 16．(xx江蘇卷)I should not have laughed if I ________(think) you were serious. 17．(xx遼寧卷)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he ________(do) something instead of just talking. 18．(xx北京卷)Dont handle the vase as if it ________(be) made of steel. 19．(xx天津卷)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ________(offer) us a ride home. 20．(xx山東卷)If we ________(make) adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. 21．(xx陜西卷)If my car ________(be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. 22．(xx安徽卷)Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________(live) there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. 23．(xx湖南卷)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ________(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. 24．(xx湖北卷)Had we not used an outofdate train schedule, we ________(miss) the train. 25．(2011北京卷)—Where are the children? The dinners going to be pletely ruined. —I wish they ________(be) always late. 26．(2011北京卷)Maybe if I ________(study) science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. 27．(2011天津卷)I ________(e) sonner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. 28．(2011陜西卷)I ________(go) through that bitter period without your generous help. 29．(xx天津卷)—John went to the hospital alone. —If he ________(tell) me about it, I would have gone with him. 30．(xx陜西卷)If we ________(take) the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. 答案與解析 1．should/could/would/might be　句意：如果你沒有丟掉地圖，我們現(xiàn)在就回到賓館了。根據(jù)句意可知，if引導(dǎo)的從句是對過去事實(shí)的闡述，而主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬，其謂語動詞應(yīng)為：would/should/could/might＋do結(jié)構(gòu)。 2．Had he caught　句意：要是他趕上了早晨的火車，那他就不會開會遲到了。根據(jù)句意，此處是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語從句應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。本題為省略if的虛擬條件句，應(yīng)把助動詞had提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。 3．had done　句意：是約翰打壞的窗戶，你為什么和我說呢？好像是我打壞的一樣。第一句已經(jīng)說明是John打壞的窗戶，所以第二句中as if后面要用虛擬語氣，而且是對過去的虛擬，故填had done。 4．Were　句意：要是沒有現(xiàn)代化的通訊工具，我們要等上幾周才能獲取世界各地的新聞。根據(jù)主句謂語結(jié)構(gòu)would have to可知設(shè)空處表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if條件從句謂語應(yīng)為“動詞的過去式”，即If there were...，在虛擬條件句中可以省略if，把were提到句首。 5．would have e　句意：我們在做調(diào)查的那幾個月，他們在國外，否則他們會來給我們幫忙的。由句意可知設(shè)空處表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。 6．would have thrown　句意：人們現(xiàn)在回收的許多東西要是在以前就會被扔掉了。本題中定語從句部分為含蓄條件句，表示“要是過去的話，這些東西就會被扔掉了”。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故用would have done形式。 7．had been　句意：如果Dewey先生當(dāng)時(shí)在場的話，他會為那里的人們提供任何可能的幫助。根據(jù)題干中的would have offered及上下文邏輯可知設(shè)空處與過去事實(shí)相反，故答案為had been。在虛擬語氣中，如果條件從句和主句均與過去事實(shí)相反，條件從句謂語動詞為：had＋過去分詞，主句謂語動詞為：would/should/could/might＋have＋過去分詞。 8．stayed　句意：我們希望女兒待在家里和我們在一起，但這是她的選擇，她不再是個孩子了。would rather... 表示“寧愿，希望”，其后的從句要用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)；表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。如：Id rather I had not gone wrong yesterday.要是我昨天不出錯就好了。 9．had booked　句意：如果我們早些訂位子，現(xiàn)在也就不用站在這里排隊(duì)了。分析語境可知，if引導(dǎo)的從句是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故用過去完成時(shí)。 10．would be　句意：如果他以前花更多的時(shí)間練習(xí)說英語，他現(xiàn)在就能說得更好些。本題為錯綜時(shí)間條件句，即if從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的主句謂語部分為“would/should/could/might＋動詞原形”。 11．would/should have gone　句意：我昨天晚上本來想要/本應(yīng)該去我表兄的生日聚會，但是沒有空。句中的時(shí)間狀語last night明確表示應(yīng)該是對過去事實(shí)的虛擬，故答案是would/should have gone。 12．should　句意：媽媽建議我們這個周末出去吃飯來換換口味。suggest作“建議”講時(shí)，后面的從句要用虛擬語氣，從句謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”形式。 13．(should)be　句意：眼科醫(yī)生建議，孩子的第一次眼睛檢查應(yīng)該在6個月大時(shí)進(jìn)行。remend建議，其后的賓語從句中用should＋動詞原形，且should可以省略。 14．hadnt　句意：——今天早上下了滂沱大雨。很高興我們帶了傘。——是的。要是我們沒帶的話就全身濕透了。與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，從句使用過去完成時(shí)。本題中if從句采用省略形式，補(bǔ)充完整后為：...if we hadnt taken an umbrella. 15．would have driven　句意：——你認(rèn)為喬治通過駕照考試了嗎？——沒有。如果通過了，昨天他就會開車去我們大學(xué)了。由yesterday可知本句是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，空格處應(yīng)填主句的謂語動詞，故用would have driven。 16．had thought　句意：如果我(當(dāng)時(shí))認(rèn)為你是認(rèn)真的，我就不會笑了。主句中謂語動詞使用should not have laughed，表明與過去的事實(shí)相反，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)該使用had done形式。 17．did/should do　句意：杰克是一個大空談家，到他該做事情而不是空談的時(shí)候了。根據(jù)虛擬語氣句型It is high time that sb.did sth.或It is high time that sb.should do sth.(到某人該做某事的時(shí)候了)可得出答案。 18．were　句意：不要把那個花瓶當(dāng)作是鋼做的那樣搬運(yùn)。as if引導(dǎo)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，be動詞用were。 19．hadnt offered　句意：昨天如果Harold不讓我們搭車回家的話，我們就會叫出租車了。根據(jù)would have called及yesterday可知此句為與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以設(shè)空處為過去完成時(shí)，又根據(jù)句意得知此處應(yīng)為否定，所以填hadnt offered。 20．hadnt made　句意：如果我們沒有做好充分準(zhǔn)備的話，會議就不會如此成功。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本句是一個虛擬語氣句式，根據(jù)主句中的wouldnt have been可知是對過去事情的虛擬，因此if條件從句要用had done 形式來表示對過去發(fā)生事情的虛擬。 21．had been　句意：如果我的車(性能)更可靠些的話，去年夏天我就開車去拉薩而不是坐飛機(jī)去了。根據(jù)語境可知題干為與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if引導(dǎo)的條件從句應(yīng)該使用過去完成時(shí)。 22．were to live/lived/should live　句意：格雷絲不想搬到紐約去，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為如果她住在那里，她就不能經(jīng)常見到父母了。主句說明了客觀事實(shí)，if從句是對將來事實(shí)的假設(shè)，故在條件狀語從句中用were to live/lived/should live。 23．had　句意：對不起，我現(xiàn)在太忙了。如果我有時(shí)間，一定會跟你去遠(yuǎn)足。根據(jù)前一句可知設(shè)空處是對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)，故if從句謂語動詞用過去式。 24．wouldnt have missed　句意：要不是用了一張過期的火車時(shí)刻表，我們就不會誤了火車。表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，結(jié)合句意主句謂語動詞應(yīng)該用wouldnt have done 形式。 25．werent　句意：——孩子們都到哪里去了？晚宴就要被他們給徹底破壞了。——我希望他們不要總是遲到。wish后跟that從句，從句部分采用虛擬語氣。wish與be同時(shí)發(fā)生，再結(jié)合語境可知填werent。 26．had studied　句意：也許如果當(dāng)時(shí)我學(xué)習(xí)的是科學(xué)而不是文學(xué)的話，那么我現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了。根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反，if引導(dǎo)的從句部分用“had done”形式。 27．would have e　句意：我不知道他們一直在等我，否則，我就會快點(diǎn)來了。根據(jù)but后面內(nèi)容可知設(shè)空處表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，其主句謂語動詞形式：would/should/could/might have done。 28．couldnt/wouldnt have gone　句意：如果沒有你的慷慨相助的話，我不可能熬過那段痛苦的時(shí)期。根據(jù)題干中的“that bitter period”可判斷本句與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣；without your generous help 相當(dāng)于含蓄條件從句If there hadnt been your generous help；主句部分采用couldnt/wouldnt have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。 29．had told　句意：——約翰一個人去了醫(yī)院。——他那時(shí)要是告訴我，我就陪他去了。根據(jù)would have gone 得知本句是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)填had told。 30．had taken　句意：如果我們走另一條路，我們可能就會及時(shí)到這兒參加會議了。根據(jù)句意及后邊主句謂語might have arrived 可知if 從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故if 從句謂語動詞用過去完成時(shí)形式。 　　模擬精選 1．(xx杭州高考科目教學(xué)質(zhì)檢)The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise ________ (spend) on the agency responsible for finding your pets. 2．(xx河南洛陽統(tǒng)考)No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he ________(remain) silent. 3．(xx福州質(zhì)量檢測)—What if you ________(forget) to send an essay with your application? —I would have been rejected. 4．(xx陜西質(zhì)量檢測一)We are close friends. We ________ (face) the problem together, but why didnt you let me know? 5．(xx河北唐山統(tǒng)考)It was suggested that an armed guard ________(stand) in readiness, protecting the president. 6．(xx北京東城統(tǒng)一檢測)—Do you like the school? —Yeah. I only wish the classes ________(be) a little smaller. 7．(xx浙江金麗衢十二校第二次聯(lián)考)The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I ________(know) whats going on in my little boys head right now.” 8．(xx安徽安慶二模)Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, probably he ________(be) valued as a minor poet now. 9．(xx遼寧沈陽一模)—It ________(be) cool if I won this contest. I dont think Im good enough, though. —Give it a shot. You never know. 10．(xx遼寧大連三中期末)—Did you make it at last? —Yes. But for your help, it ________ (cause) a serious loss. 11．(xx湖南湘中名校一聯(lián))—Max looks nervous. —So ________ you if you had so fierce a petiton. 12．(xx浙江湖州八校二次聯(lián)考)—Its a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson. —I ________(attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the ing exam. 13．(xx湖南師大附中一次月考)They could have escaped from the big fire, but unfortunately, someone ________ (lock) the door. 14．(xx湖南衡陽八中月考)—Our pany will organize a trip to Hong Kong next month. I am taking my mother there. —Id rather you ________(do). After all she has just recovered from her illness and she still feels weak. 15．(xx湖南長沙雅禮中學(xué)月考)We ________(finish) the project on time without your timely help. 16．(xx遼寧大連雙基測試)If the world had ended on Dec. 21st, xx, we ________ (be) able to enjoy the wonderful life now. 17．(xx吉林延吉質(zhì)檢)The Antarctic is so mystically described by some people. If only I ________(be) there before! 18．(xx北京東城一模)I wish I ________(share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the football match at home. 19．(xx遼寧大連二十四中期末)—Mum, can I watch the TV program for another twenty minutes? —Sorry, dear, its time you ________(go) to bed. 20．(xx安徽名校聯(lián)考)I cant thank you too much for your help. Without it I ________(succeed) in finding my lost son. 答案與解析 1．would have spent　句意：本來你要花一大筆錢給負(fù)責(zé)幫你找寵物的那家機(jī)構(gòu)的，(但)這個志愿者服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)幫你省下了這筆錢。根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)和句中的otherwise 判斷，這里表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，定語從句中用would have done 表示“本來要做某事”。 2．should have remained　句意：這些話剛一說出口，他就意識到自己本該保持沉默的。由句意可知，此處是對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作的虛擬，故用should have done，表示“本該做(但沒有做)某事”。 3．had forgotten　句意：——如果你在寄申請的時(shí)候忘記發(fā)送一篇論文會怎么樣？——我會被拒絕的。根據(jù)答語可知，問句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。 4．should have faced　句意：我們是好朋友，本該一起面對這個問題的，可是你為什么不告訴我？題干中的but表明這里說的是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故用should have faced。 5．(should) stand　此處suggest 表示“建議”，此時(shí)that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，且should 可以省略。 6．were　句意：——你喜歡這個學(xué)校嗎？——是的。我只希望我們的班級小一些。在wish 后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，此處表示對現(xiàn)在情況的一種假設(shè)，謂語動詞要用過去式。 7．knew　if only 表示“要是……就好了”，謂語動詞使用虛擬語氣。根據(jù)“right now”可知，此處表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，因此謂語動詞用過去式。 8．would be　句意：假設(shè)Yeats 在40歲時(shí)就不寫詩了，那么現(xiàn)在他或許就會被評價(jià)為一位名不見經(jīng)傳的詩人了。從句意看，狀語從句敘述的是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句使用了過去完成時(shí)，而主句的時(shí)間狀語now 表示這里敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用“would＋動詞原形”。 9．would be　句意：——我要是能贏這場比賽就太好了。但是我想我不夠出色。——試試看，很難說。通過句意和won得知，本句為表示將來的虛擬，所以設(shè)空處填would be。 10．would/could have caused　句意：——最后你成功了嗎？——是的，要不是你的幫助，將/可能會有很大的損失。本句為與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以可用should/would/could/might have done 的形式。但should常用于第一人稱，might 常用于可能性很小。 11．would　句意：——馬克斯看上去很緊張?！绻悄銋⒓舆@么激烈的比賽，你也會緊張的。本句中主句和if 條件從句都表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，可改為：You would also look nervous if you had so fierce a petiton.然后考慮采用“so＋be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”句型替換主句形式。 12．would/should have attended　句意：——真遺憾你錯過了湯普森所作的有關(guān)英國文化的講座?！冶鞠?應(yīng)該參加的，但是我正忙于準(zhǔn)備即將到來的考試。根據(jù)題干中的was busy 可知設(shè)空處表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故答案為would/should have attended。 13．had locked　句意：他們本可以從大火中逃出來，但不幸的是，有人把門鎖上了。根據(jù)題干中“could have escaped”可判斷該句為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故設(shè)空處表示過去；lock 先于could have escaped，即表示“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。 14．didnt　句意：——我們公司下個月將組織到香港旅游，我打算帶我媽媽去那里?！覍幙赡悴粠吘顾齽倓倧牟≈谢謴?fù)，身體還很虛弱。would rather 接從句的時(shí)候，從句的謂語用一般過去時(shí)表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M。 15．wouldnt/couldnt have finished　句意：如果沒有你的及時(shí)幫助，我們就不能按時(shí)完成那項(xiàng)工程了。without your timely help 相當(dāng)于含蓄條件從句，即if it hadnt been for your timely help，是和過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故句子謂語動詞用wouldnt/couldnt have done 形式。 16．wouldnt be　句意：如果世界在2012年12月21日滅亡了的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會享受精彩的生活了。if 從句與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，故答案為wouldnt be。 17．had been　句意：南極地區(qū)被一些人描述得很神奇。我要是去過那里就好了！If only＋句子(過去完成時(shí))，表示與過去相反的假設(shè)。 18．had shared　句意：我要是和朋友拼車回家就好了?，F(xiàn)在他們都在家看足球賽了。在I wish 后的賓語從句中，如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，時(shí)態(tài)要用過去完成時(shí)。 19．went/should go　句意：——媽媽，我可以再看20分鐘電視節(jié)目嗎？——對不起，寶貝，你該睡覺了。根據(jù)its time that＋從句(did/should do)可知填went/should go。 20．wouldnt/couldnt have succeeded　句意：我對你的幫助怎么感謝也不為過。沒有你的幫助，我就找不到丟失的兒子。cant 與 too/too much/enough 連用，意為：再……也不為過。根據(jù)句意可知空處為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，其謂語的形式為：would/could＋have＋過去分詞。 　　創(chuàng)新預(yù)測 1．The doctor remended that you ________ not swim after eating a large meal. 2．If only I ________(have) more confidence in the English speech contest held last week! 3．How I wish I ________(be) free now! 4．________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 5．If I were young, I ________(take) part in this camp. 6．My teacher urged I ________(keep) a diary to improve my writing skills. 7．Id rather he ________(go) to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 8．My suggestion is that we ________ (put) up our tents before dark. 9．Its vital that we ________(take) our safety driving along the road seriously. 10．Its high time that she ________(get) down to writing her graduation paper. 11．—We had great fun on the beach last weekend. —Really? How I wish I ________ (go) there with you. 12．If my father ________ (be) here yesterday, he would have stopped me from going surfing. 13．My sister insisted I ________ (acpany) her to the supermarket. 14．But for her timely help, I ________ (drown) in the river. 15．I was too busy with my ing exam. Otherwise, I ________ (attend) your birthday party. 16．I made a suggestion that he ________ (set) aside some money for later use. 17．We were caught in the heavy rain. If only we ________ (stay) at home. 18．If he had seen the film, he ________ (tell) me about it. 19．The teacher remended I ________ (pay) attention to protecting my eyesight. 20．My grandmother required that I ________ (form) the good habit of being polite. 答案與解析 1．should　remend 后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣(should)do。 2．had had　If only 與虛擬語氣連用，表示與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。 3．were　I wish 與虛擬語氣連用，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時(shí)，be 動詞一律用were。 4．Should　虛擬條件句用should do，省略if, should 提到句首，意為“萬一”。 5．would take　虛擬條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用would do。 6．(should) keep　urge 后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣(should)do。 7．had gone　Id rather... 從句中用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)。 8．(should)put　suggestion 等后的同位語從句或表語從句中用虛擬語氣(should)do。 9．(should)take　Its vital that... 從句中用虛擬語氣(should)do。 10．got/should get　Its(high) time that... 從句中用虛擬語氣表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時(shí)或should do，should 不可以省略。 11．had gone　I wish 后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)。 12．had been　虛擬條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用 would have done。 13．(should) acpany　insist 意為“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)，其后從句用虛擬語氣(should) do。 14．would have been drowned　but for...與虛擬語氣連用，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，用 would have (been) done。 15．would have attended　otherwise 與虛擬語氣連用，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，用 would have done。 16．(should) set　suggestion 后的同位語從句用虛擬語氣(should) do。 17．had stayed　if only 與虛擬語氣連用，表示與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)。 18．would have told　虛擬條件句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句用 would have done。 19．(should) pay　remend 后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣(should) do。 20．(should) form　require 后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣(should) do。