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2019-2020年高考英語典型試題精粹 專題十六 七選五 　　高考精萃 Passage 1 (xx北京卷) Evaluating Sources of Health Information Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. __1__ Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. __2__ Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an oute; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. __3__ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it. Use your mon sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. __4__ Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖騙術(shù))． __5__ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us. Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life. A．Make choices that are right for you. B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something. C．Be sure to work through the critical questions. D．And examine the findings of the original research. E．Distinguish between research reports and public health advice. F．Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view. G．The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from mon sources. 答案與解析 本文為說明文。作者針對如何識別正確的健康信息提供了一些建議。 1．G　根據(jù)文章第二段、第三段、第四段的首句可以看出作者提供了一些建議，因此本空引出了下文的多個建議，故選擇G項。 2．D　根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Go to the original source.”可以看出D選項“And examine the findings of the original research.”與第二段內(nèi)容匹配。 3．F　根據(jù)第三段第一句“Watch for misleading language.”可以看出F項“Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained...”與本段內(nèi)容匹配。 4．B　空格處前一句中出現(xiàn)的advertisements與B項中的ad 對應(yīng)，因此選擇B項。 5．A　空格后的“...that works for us.”與A項“Make choices that are right for you.”對應(yīng)，故選擇A項。 Passage 2 (xx遼寧卷) Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but its easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight： Schedule yearly exams. __1__ Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses. Protect against UV rays (紫外線). Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses. __2__ Give your eyes a break. Twothirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using puters or other digital products. __3__ Experts remend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away. __4__ As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (維生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health. Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隱形眼鏡). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. __5__ Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition. A．Eat your greens. B．Eye care should begin early in life. C．They can properly protect your eyes. D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins. E．Parents usually dont care about their own eyesight. F．Always follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear. G．This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness. 答案與解析 本文為說明文。文章主要給出了五種擁有健康視力的建議。 1．B　根據(jù)上文Schedule yearly exams. 和下文Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age... 及選項中的Eye care 和 early in life 可知選B項。 2．C　戴太陽鏡預(yù)防紫外線，它們可以適當?shù)乇Ｗo你的眼睛。本句是對上文的總結(jié)概括。 3．G　三分之二的美國人一天會花費多達7小時的時間來使用電腦或其他數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品。這種頻繁的眼部活動會提高眼睛疲勞的風險。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選擇G項。 4．A　Eat your greens. 吃出綠色。下文均與飲食有關(guān)，所以選A項。 5．F　上下文均與戴隱形眼鏡有關(guān)，所以選擇含有關(guān)鍵詞wear 的選項。medical guidance 和 doctors advice 也互為暗示。 Passage 3 (xx課標全國卷Ⅱ) Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience, there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often: ability, money, and time. __1__ Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule： 1．Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the ing week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? __2__ 2．Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? __3__ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal. 3．__4__ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. Hopefully that gives you a good start. __5__ And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! A．Try new things. B．Ability is easily improved. C．Make three or four instead. D．Understand your food better. E．Cooking is a burden for many people. F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. 答案與解析 本文為說明文，題材是介紹說明類。緊張的生活節(jié)奏并不妨礙你為自己或家人做上一頓可口的飯菜，看看作者為我們提供的建議吧。 1．B　上文提到三個不常做飯的理由：能力、錢和時間。下文提到錢是下一個話題，這里主要談?wù)撊绾卫没ㄙM在烹飪上的時間，故答案選B(能力是容易改進的)。 2．G　該段建議提前做出烹飪計劃，故答案選G(提前一點制訂計劃會省去很多后面的工作)。 3．C　根據(jù)下文“花費幾乎相同的時間來制作更多食物”可推斷出，這里指把制作一條面包改為制作三到四條面包。 4．A　根據(jù)下文It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes... 可推斷出，本空應(yīng)選A(嘗試新事物)。 5．F　根據(jù)下文“不要讓繁忙的日程妨礙你在飲食和生活方式上做出美好的改變”可推斷出，答案選F(讓烹飪和生活僅僅是快樂而非負擔)。 Passage 4 (xx北京卷) Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. __1__ In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (鄉(xiāng)村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. __2__The process of urbanization—the migration (遷徙) of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live. In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. __3__ Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninetyfive people on farms to feed five people in cities.__4__ Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city. Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. __5__ Today, instead of needing ninetyfive farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred nonfarmers. A．That kept cities very small. B．The rest live in small towns. C．The effects of urban living on people should be considered. D．Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies. E．But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities. F．Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. G．Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings. 答案與解析 本文為說明文，題材為社會與熱點，主要講述了城市化的進程。 1．E　第一段主要講述了在過去城市非常少，大多數(shù)人都是住在農(nóng)場或鄉(xiāng)村里，根據(jù)主旨可知應(yīng)選擇E項。 2．D　空格前一句中的beginning 與D項中的Soon 相對應(yīng)，英國只是個開始，之后一些其他的國家也開始成為城市化的社會，故選擇D項。 3．B　空格所在的段落通過列舉數(shù)據(jù)來體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在城市化的擴大，絕大多數(shù)的美國人住在城市里，少部分住在農(nóng)場里，因此此空說明剩下的人居住在何地，故選擇B項。 4．A　此空之前在闡述過去城市不可能大的原因，因此A項與前面的意思對應(yīng)。 5．F　空格前一句闡述工業(yè)革命打破了此前城市和鄉(xiāng)村的這種平衡，因此空格處是對前一句內(nèi)容的進一步闡述，因此選擇F項。 　　模擬精選 Passage 1 (xx東北三校二模) Everyone needs a break, and vacations are not meant for serious study. __1__ The Spring Festival is ing up so this is the perfect time to discuss some great English language literature to take on a long train journey. Before getting into the remendations, you need to determine your English reading prehension level. If youre at the beginners level, there are two options: reading a childrens book or reading a book that youve read in Chinese translation. __2__ If youre at the intermediate level, popular books like pop fiction, mysteries and thrillers are good options. For advanced readers, classic works of literature or modern prize winners (Nobel, Pulitzer) are good options. __3__ When I pick up a book I like, even though the first few chapters are really hard to get through, I would try to get accustomed to the language the author uses. Generally, after the first few chapters, things get a lot easier, especially if I get involved in the story. Another great way to keep yourself motivated is to find a friend whos interested in reading the same book. You can make goals that you both want to achieve. __4__ Some quick remendations: Harry Potter, start with the first book and go on from there; the Narnia series; anything by U．S. writer Michael Crichton; and if you like horror, U．S. writer Stephen King is always unusual and fun. __5__ Happy reading! A．If you pick a book which is so challenging, it will be too stressful. B．The most important thing is to pick a book that youre really interested in. C．You may also enjoy your reading when hanging out with your family. D．You should just find a topic or author youre interested in, and the rest will go from there. E．You can also discuss plot lines or vocabulary issues with each other by SMS or email. F．Instead, theyre a great way to take a break and enjoy a good book. G．This will help you get over any unfamiliar words or phrases, since youre already familiar with the story. 答案與解析 本文談?wù)摿嗽鯓咏佑|英語文學，并對不同程度的讀者提供了閱讀建議。 1．F　根據(jù)上文needs a break, 以及“假期不是為了嚴肅而認真地學習”可知此處用Instead...轉(zhuǎn)折引出下文較合適。 2．G　根據(jù)常識可知讀者讀過中譯本，則會be familiar with the story, 故選G項。 3．B　根據(jù)a book I like 可知作者建議：選擇感興趣的書。 4．E　第四段主要講和朋友一起讀書能做的事，所以E項正確。 5．D　上文提到了Harry Potter, the Narnia series, Michael Crichton, Stephen King 都是推薦讀的書目及作者，而且也提到了horror，這是一個topic，都包括在D項內(nèi)，所以D項正確。 Passage 2 (xx河北衡水中學調(diào)研) Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. __1__ However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dogs life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence. Some people say we live in a dogeatdog world. __2__ They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dogtired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog. __3__ This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things. __4__ People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite. Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. __5__ A．Still, people say every dog has its day. B．We do not want it to rain cats and dogs. C．Some people are pared to dogs in bad ways. D．Dogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people. E．There are many other expressions waiting for you to explore. F．That means many people are peting for the same things, like good jobs. G．They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. 答案與解析 本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些與dog 相關(guān)的俗語。 1．G　根據(jù)空格前一句內(nèi)容可知，美國人喜愛而且善待狗，故選G項，即舉例說明美國人的待狗之道。此題易錯選D項。狗的忠誠與上下文毫無關(guān)系。 2．F　根據(jù)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，每提出一個新的俗語，下文便有文字對前面的俗語進行解釋。故此處選用作解釋的內(nèi)容最為合適。故選F項。 3．A　空格后的內(nèi)容正是對選項的解釋，故選A項。 4．C　根據(jù)空格后一句，那些不友好、不關(guān)心他人的人通常被描述成meaner than a junkyard dog可知，本段應(yīng)該是用dog 的短語來比喻不好的人。故選C項。 5．B　根據(jù)空格前提到的rain 可知，只有B項與此有關(guān)。 Passage 3 (xx北京西城一模) Where would you most like to go on vacation? Paris? London? The Amazon Rainforest? Each of these destinations is attractive. __1__ As a new word, staycation refers to people staying at home during their vacation time, and going sightseeing around their hometown. Staycations have bee really popular recently, as a way of having an enjoyable vacation, without spending too much money. There are shortings to every positive thing, however. __2__ You also might prevent yourself from enjoying things to the fullest, as the atmosphere might be the same as any other time. __3__ It means you wont be available for work or other activities. What can you do to make your staycation fun? 1. Go to a nearby town, or to a fancy hotel in your hometown and stay overnight. Treat yourself to room service and any other fun things the hotel has to offer. 2. __4__ You would have done it on a vacation, right? Treat yourself to this, at least for one day! 3. Throw a small party. Think about the money you are saving by not going away. You will still save money, but have more fun, and you will help other people to have fun too! 4. Go shopping! Window shopping, or the super fun type, where you buy things! You would have bought souvenirs (紀念品) if you had gone on a vacation, so treat yourself during your staycation! The most important thing to remember is to do things that make you and your family excited! __5__ A．Eat out for every meal! B．Go on a day trip to a nearby town, or to a beach. C．But why not remain at home and enjoy a staycation? D．If you are on a staycation, you might get calls from work. E．Most of the time it involves dining out more frequently than usual. F．Make sure you all have fun, and when it is over, you feel refreshed. G．The trick is to make sure your friends and coworkers know you are on a staycation. 答案與解析 本文介紹了一種新的度假方式——呆在家里度假(staycation)。 1．C　空格處的句子用以引出話題staycation，而下文As a new word, staycation... 用以解釋staycation 的含義。 2．D　該句及下文都是在解釋There are shortings to every positive thing... 的內(nèi)容。故應(yīng)選擇講在家度假缺點的選項。 3．G　讓朋友和同事知道你在以staycation 方式休假的目的是：讓他們知道你不能工作或進行其他活動。 4．A　該句與下文Treat yourself to this, at least for one day！相符。 5．F　上文的excited 與該句的have fun, feel refreshed相符，介紹在家度假的作用。 Passage 4 (xx吉林長春一模) Kids with special needs refer to any kid who might need extra help because of a medical, emotional, or learning problem. For example, kids who cannot walk need wheelchairs. They not only need equipment that helps them get around, but they might need to have ramps (坡道) or elevators available.__1__ Kids with an illness would have special needs, too. __2__Kids with sight problems might need Braille books to read. Kids with hearing problems might need hearing aids. __3__ It might be harder to do normal things, like learning to read or just getting around the school. The good news is that parents, doctors, nurses, teachers, and others can help. The goal is to help kids be as independent as possible. Other kids can also be a big help. How? By being a friend. Kids who use a wheelchair or have lots of health problems want friends just as you do. But meeting people and making friends can be difficult. __4__ Be sure to tell a teacher if you see someone being bullied (欺辱) or teased. __5__ Being friendly to kids with special needs is one of the best ways to be helpful. As you get to know them, they may help you understand what its like to be in their shoes. And youll be helping fill a very special need, one that everybody has—the need for good ends. A．Some kids might laugh at or make fun of them. B．It is good manners to offer help to kids with special needs. C．Life can be challenging for a kid with special needs. D．They also might need to get a special bus to school. E．They might need medicine or other help as they go about their daily activities. F．Also, try to be helpful if you know someone with special needs. G．Someone could have trouble with anxiety, but you wouldnt know it unless told about it. 答案與解析 本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了如何對待有特殊需要的孩子。 1．D　根據(jù)前面的句式they might need... 可判斷D項的句型They also might need... 最恰當。 2．E　從前面的illness 提示以及下文的例子可知，他們從事日?；顒訒r需要醫(yī)療或者其他方面的幫助。故選E項。 3．C　該空后面提到了．..harder to do normal things...，所以前面的空填C項，對殘疾孩子來說，生活是充滿挑戰(zhàn)的，即艱難的。 4．A　該空前面說到“殘疾孩子交朋友困難”。后面說的是“要是發(fā)現(xiàn)有人被欺侮，要告訴老師”，所以空格內(nèi)容為“有的小孩兒可能會取笑他們”比較合適。故選A項。 5．F　本段論述的是如何與殘障孩子交朋友，幫助他們?？蘸竺嬲f．..one of the best ways to be helpful...，所以前面空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該已經(jīng)提到要be helpful，故選F項。 Passage 5 (xx北京海淀一模) There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. __1__ The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. __2__ Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we dont have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was equal to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement. The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not pletely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is municating something that can increase the readers understanding.__3__ Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “l(fā)earning” means understanding more, not remembering more information. What are the conditions in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. __4__ Besides, his book must convey something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overe this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is approached, success of munication is achieved. __5__ It is the least demanding and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well. A．The writer should have a better municating skill. B．Such munication between unequals must be possible. C．We can get access to the content of those materials easily. D．The writer must be “superior” to the reader in understanding. E．Thus, we can employ the word “reading” in two distinct senses