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2019年高考英語 語法集訓(xùn)過關(guān) 定語從句（含解析） Ⅰ. 單項(xiàng)填空 1. Finally they reached the village　　　　they thought was seriously damaged in the earthquake. A. where　　 B. whom　　 C. when　　 D. which 2. (xx無錫模擬)The girl wearing a pair of dark glasses es from a city in South China, 　　　　is evident from her accent. A. who B. that C. where D. as 3. (xx皖南模擬)Members of the Beijing Wheelchair Dance Training Base, 　　　　was set up in xx, are able to manage their wheelchairs perfectly. A. who B. which C. what D. that 4. What surprised me was not what he said but　　　　he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 5. Do you still remember the summer days　　　　we spent watching the xx Olympic Games? A. when B. on which C. that D. what 6. (原創(chuàng))China Dream is a great dream　　　anyone can make a positive influence on society and contribute to our country. A. which B. what C. where D. when 7. The students　　　　parents work in the USA speak English very well. A. whose B. their C. whom D. who 8. When I entered, they were talking about the teachers and schools　　　　they had visited. A. which B. whom C. that D. who 9. Wei Hua is the only student in our school　　　　has won a chance to study in Britain. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who 10. He is such an experienced teacher　　　　we all like and respect. A. that B. which C. as D. who 11. “I didn’t expect the rain would be so heavy that it even stopped trains, ”said Peterson, a traveler from the UK, 　　　　had planned to go to Dalian for a weekend holiday. A. whom B. who C. which D. where 12. —Why not go out to play basketball this afternoon? —Sorry. I’ll be dealing with the case　　　　we think deserves immediate attention. A. which B. where C. when D. what 13. (xx蕪湖模擬)Jane paused in front of a counter　　　　some attractive ties were on display. A. where B. when C. why D. which 14. (xx長春模擬)—Where did you meet Mr Smith from the US yesterday? —It was in that market　　　　we often buy things. A. where B. what C. that D. there 15. (xx重慶模擬)Humans’ activities have pushed some endangered animals into a situation　　　we will probably never see them. A. that B. what C. where D. which 16. The researchers will visit the primary school next Wednesday, 　　　　all the pupils are children of migrant workers. A. where B. which C. when D. whom 17. Between the popular live program are two intervals, 　　　　the audience can go to the bathrooms. A. where B. that C. when D. which 18. After graduation, he worked as a typist until xx, 　　　　he met four young men, who were interested in starting a puter and Internet pany. A. when B. where C. which D. before 19. The book is very helpful. That’s the reason　　　　he advises me to buy one. A. which B. why C. it D. 不填 20. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most　　　　were from Germany. A. of them B. of which C. of whom D. of whose 21. (xx福建四地六校模擬)Mr. Green, for　　　life had been very hard, donated his possessions to earthquake-hit families in Sichuan. A. whose B. whom C. which D. that 22. —What do you think of the cake? —Very delicious and quite different from　　　　I had last week. A. that B. the one C. what D. which 23. It looks like it might rain this morning, 　　　　we’ll have to cancel our picnic plan. A. in which B. in whose case C. in which case D. in that case 24. I’m going to pay a visit to Mr. Wang, without　　　　help I couldn’t have been admitted to the key university. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 25. On seeing me, Mike changed the direction　　　　he was walking and made his way to the other side of the road. A. to which B. in which C. for which D. at which Ⅱ. 完形填空 (xx南京模擬) 　　In my early childhood, my parents and teachers taught me to be persistent(執(zhí)著的)in every task I devoted myself to. I was　1　that persistence is the only way towards success. But a small　2　made me change my mind. 　　One day my two-year-old son, 　3　at a dozen of “stood” color marker-pens, cheered excitedly, “Mummy, look! I did it. ”Afterwards, he collected some ballpoint pens, 　4　to do the same. Hard though he tried, the ballpoint pens just lay　5　. He turned to me for help. Noticing they had either sharp or round ends, I said　6　, “Mummy can’t help you. ”To my surprise, he wouldn’t listen and continued trying. . . I was dumbfounded by his persistence. 　　My son’s behaviour reminded me of George who was always　7　in his work and rarely talked to anyone. To him, 　8　, there was no such thing called weekends or holidays. Our boss praised　9　about him and　10　us to look up to him as a role model. 　　One day I met George. “Gonna work late again tonight? ” “Probably I can’t leave till midnight, ”he said. “How many hours have you put in here each week, eighty or ninety? ” “　11　. ” “Don’t you have time to be with your family at all? ” 　　He shook his head slowly and　12　a sigh. “It’s not what I wanted. But I have worked on it for so long. It’s much too　13　to even think about letting go. ” 　　A year later I resigned. The　14　thing I heard about him was that his wife divorced him. Since then I’ve never seen him. But occasionally his aged　15　would e to my mind. 　　Until that day, 　16　knowing why the ballpoint pens couldn’t stand up, the two-year-old son had　17　the impossibility after many failures. He put aside all the ballpoint pens and kept only those marker-pens for his “game”. 　18　, he already learned to let go of his previous　19　attempts. 　　In our daily life, many headaches can be avoided if we know how to　20　them and then decisively let them go immediately. 1. A. confident B. consistent C. conscious D. convinced 2. A. event B. incident C. accident D. affair 3. A. pointing B. shouting C. screaming D. laughing 4. A. insisting B. requiring C. intending D. urging 5. A. flat B. silent C. still D. quiet 6. A. deliberately B. casually C. unintentionally D. enthusiastically 7. A. interested B. busy C. devoted D. buried 8. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. though 9. A. high B. highly C. well D. much 10. A. promised B. demanded C. inspired D. appealed 11. A. At random B. At times C. At most D. At least 12. A. let off B. let out C. sent off D. sent out 13. A. encouraging B. fortable C. painful D. ashamed 14. A. latter B. later C. last D. lately 15. A. picture B. figure C. reflection D. image 16. A. for B. with C. without D. besides 17. A. received B. accepted C. refused D. rejected 18. A. Generally B. Eventually C. Additionally D. Obviously 19. A. useless B. endless C. hopeful D. meaningful 20. A. clarify B. distinguish C. identify D. acknowledge 【技法導(dǎo)練】多學(xué)一點(diǎn)　棋高一著 完形填空——利用上下文邏輯關(guān)系解題 　　高考完形填空最?？嫉乃姆N邏輯關(guān)系是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折讓步、因果和時間, 被稱為邏輯“四大天王”。完形填空題需根據(jù)特定的“情景”意義來選擇一個最佳答案, 關(guān)鍵在于對文章邏輯的正確把握。 邏輯關(guān)系 常用詞匯 并　列 and, while 轉(zhuǎn)折讓步 but, however, nevertheless, yet, though, although, while 因　果 so, therefore, thus, because, for, since, as, due to, owning to, thanks to, as a result of 時　間 when, while, as, before, after, meanwhile, finally, eventually, then, later 　　例如: 此篇完形填空第8題考查考生對文章上下文邏輯關(guān)系的把握能力。此空前面提到George總是忙于自己的工作, 幾乎沒有時間與別人講話。此空后面提到對他來說沒有周末和假日這類事情。很明顯前后兩句間是 關(guān)系, 故選 , 表示“ ”。 【語篇隨練】多練一點(diǎn)　技高一籌 根據(jù)完形填空回答下列問題。 Ⅰ. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. Hard though he tried, the ballpoint pens just lay flat. (轉(zhuǎn)換成陳述句) 2. The two-year-old son had accepted the impossibility after many failures. (對畫線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)) Ⅱ. 熟詞生義: 寫出句中黑體部分的漢語意思。 1. Laura put aside her concerns and got on with the job. ( ) 2. Each month she puts aside some money for her retirement. ( ) 3. I put aside a day at the end of each month for doing the business accounts. ( ) 4. The shop offered to put aside the dress while I went to the bank. ( ) 答案解析 Ⅰ. 1. 【解析】選D。此處關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中作主語, they thought是主句, 其后的賓語從句“was seriously damaged in the earthquake”明顯缺少一個主語, 故D項(xiàng)正確。 2.【解析】選D。句意: 帶著墨鏡的女孩來自中國南方, 這可以從她的口音中明顯地聽出來。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 表示“這一點(diǎn)”。 【誤區(qū)警示】本題應(yīng)首先判斷is前的主語是人還是物, 或者指代一整句。定語從句中除了關(guān)系代詞which, that, who, whose外, 還有as。as在句中常可指代一整句, 可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句, 也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 而that只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句, 并不能指代前面一整句, 故本題選D項(xiàng)。 3. 【解析】選B。先行詞the Beijing Wheelchair Dance Training Base是先行詞, 指物, 其后的非限制性定語從句明顯缺一主語, 故用which, that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 4. 【解析】選A。the way此處表示“方式”, 其后的定語從句用關(guān)系詞that, 相當(dāng)于in which, 也可以省略。 【誤區(qū)警示】(1)the way表“方法”, 關(guān)系詞可用which或that, 在定語從句中作賓語時可省略。但若其前有最高級、序數(shù)詞、the only等修飾時, 就只能用that。 The way(that/which)he thought of to prevent the air pollution was very good. 他想出的防止空氣污染的方法很好。(the way在定語從句中作thought of的賓語) (2)the way表“方式”, 關(guān)系詞用that, in which都可以, 也可以都省略。我們學(xué)過in this way, 所以應(yīng)用in which。注意, 此處的that為關(guān)系副詞, 而非關(guān)系代詞。 I don’t like the way(that/in which)you speak to your mother. 我不喜歡你同你媽媽說話的方式。 5. 【解析】選C。句意: 你還記得我們觀看xx年奧運(yùn)會的那些夏日嗎? that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾the summer days, 且that在定語從句中作及物動詞spent的賓語(spent the summer days watching . . . ), 此處也可轉(zhuǎn)換成which或者省略。 6. 【解析】選C?？疾槎ㄕZ從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意: 中國夢是一個偉大的夢, 其中每個人都可以對社會有積極的影響, 都可以為我們的祖國做出貢獻(xiàn)。該句是一個定語從句, a great dream是先行詞, 分析從句可知句子中不缺主語、賓語或表語, 所以排除掉A; B項(xiàng)what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句; a great dream在從句中作抽象的地點(diǎn)狀語, 而不是時間狀語, 故選C, where=in which。 7. 【解析】選A。句意: 那些家長在美國工作的學(xué)生英語說得很棒。whose parents=the parents of whom, whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時后接名詞, 在定語從句中作定語。 8. 【解析】選C。當(dāng)先行詞既包含人又包含物時, 關(guān)系代詞只能用that, 因?yàn)閠hat可指人, 也可指物。 9. 【解析】選D。根據(jù)句意, 此處的定語從句修飾the only student, 指人, 且在定語從句中作主語, 故D項(xiàng)正確。 10. 【解析】選C。此句是such . . . as結(jié)構(gòu), as為關(guān)系代詞, 在定語從句中作like和respect的賓語。此句若在like and respect后加him, 則A項(xiàng)正確, 此句則變成such . . . that句型。 11. 【解析】選B。在此題中, 非限制性定語從句所修飾的先行詞是a traveler, 而不是the UK, 故關(guān)系代詞用who, 且在定語從句中作主語。 12. 【解析】選A。先行詞是the case, 在從句中作主語。因?yàn)閣e think后的賓語從句缺一個主語, 在四個選項(xiàng)中只有which是關(guān)系代詞, 可作從句的主語。 13. 【解析】選A。句意: 簡在展示了很多好看的領(lǐng)帶的那個柜臺前停留了一會兒。主句中counter為名詞, 但在定語從句中作抽象的地點(diǎn)狀語, 相當(dāng)于on/in the counter, 故用關(guān)系副詞where。故選A項(xiàng)。 14. 【解析】選A。句意: ——你昨天在哪里遇見從美國來的史密斯先生的? ——是在我們經(jīng)常買東西的那個市場里。此句是定語從句, 先行詞是that market, 此處的where相當(dāng)于in which。此句是個省略句, 全句應(yīng)是: It was in that market where we often buy things that I met Mr Smith from the US yesterday. 。 15. 【解析】選C。考查定語從句。句意: 人類的活動已經(jīng)把一些瀕危動物逼近一個形勢: 我們將可能永遠(yuǎn)看不見它們。先行詞是situation, 定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語, 用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句, 選C。 【加固訓(xùn)練】 We’re just trying to reach a point　　　　both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which 【解析】選A。由于定語從句中主語(both sides)已有, 且謂語為不及物動詞, 其后無介詞, 故不可直接跟賓語, 所以不能選關(guān)系代詞that/which。然后再根據(jù)“在這一點(diǎn)上雙方將會坐在一起討論”可知應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。 16. 【解析】選A。根據(jù)語境, 此句where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句, where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語, 修飾先行詞the primary school。 17. 【解析】選C。interval意為“間隔, 間隙”, 指時間。由于定語從句中不缺少主語或賓語, 故此空不可用關(guān)系代詞, 需要關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語。 18. 【解析】選A。when在此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 相當(dāng)于in which, 修飾xx。 19. 【解析】選B。此句先行詞是the reason, 此處的why相當(dāng)于for which, 在定語從句中作原因狀語。 【拓展延伸】關(guān)系副詞when, where和why也可以用“介詞+which”來代替。同時要注意定語從句中的先行詞(名詞)與介詞的合理搭配, 構(gòu)成狀語。 I’ll never forget the day when we first met. =I’ll never forget the day on which we first met. 我永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘記我們初次見面的那一天。 This is the factory where his father works. =This is the factory in which his father works. 這就是他父親工作的工廠。 The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill. =The reason for which he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill. 他沒有出席會議的原因是他病了。 20. 【解析】選C。由于句中有逗號, 且前后均無連詞引導(dǎo)句子, 因此該句不是并列句或狀語從句, 而是非限制性定語從句。在定語從句中, 介詞后面指人時只能用關(guān)系代詞whom。故此題答案為C。 【誤區(qū)警示】若逗號改為分號或在逗號后加and, but等并列連詞, 則后一句為并列句。此句可轉(zhuǎn)換成: I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school; most of them were from Germany. /I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, and most of them were from Germany. 如果兩個句子均沒有引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo), 且句子中間出現(xiàn)逗號, 這一定是一個含有定語從句的復(fù)合句了。 21.【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意: 對于Mr. Green來說生活曾經(jīng)很艱難, 但是他把所有的財產(chǎn)都捐給了四川被地震襲擊的家庭。本題定語從句的先行詞是Mr. Green, whom指代先行詞作介詞for的賓語, 也可以把for whom放在句末, life才是句子真正的主語。本題容易錯選whose, 考生會認(rèn)為whose作為定語修飾life, 如果這樣就會出現(xiàn)for whose life在句中作主語, 這是不符合英語語法的。故B正確。 【加固訓(xùn)練】 This is the tallest building in our city, from　　　　top we can get a good view of our city. A. whose B. which C. its D. that 【解析】選A。此句為非限制性定語從句, 故C項(xiàng)不對。很多同學(xué)根據(jù)“介詞后面只能用關(guān)系代詞which(指物)或whom(指人)”的規(guī)則而選了B項(xiàng)。其實(shí), 我們應(yīng)注意到本題較特殊, 空格后還有一個名詞, 而名詞前要用關(guān)系代詞whose。 22. 【解析】選B。句意: ——你認(rèn)為這個蛋糕怎么樣? ——很好吃, 且與我上周吃的蛋糕大不相同。the one =the cake(that), that引導(dǎo)定語從句, 修飾the one, 由于在定語從句中作had的賓語, 故可以省略。此處談的是蛋糕, 而不是我上周吃的東西, 故what不對。 23. 【解析】選C。因?yàn)榫渲杏卸禾? 故排除D項(xiàng)。若在逗號后加并列連詞and, 則D項(xiàng)正確。因此要將that改為關(guān)系代詞which。 24. 【解析】選B?！皼]有他的幫助”應(yīng)說without his help。此處前有逗號, 說明是非限制性定語從句, 故用關(guān)系代詞whose。without whose help=without the help of whom。 25. 【解析】選B?！俺较颉睉?yīng)說“in the direction of. . . ”, 故此處用介詞in。 Ⅱ. 【文章大意】作者自小就被父母和老師教育: 做任何事都要執(zhí)著, 但一次兩歲的兒子試圖將圓珠筆豎起來, 結(jié)果卻沒能成功, 這讓她想起一個名叫George的朋友, 他是個工作狂, 心中只有工作, 沒有家人, 結(jié)果妻子與他離婚。這讓作者意識到生活中有許多自己不能做的事, 該放手時就放手, 這樣生活才能有樂趣。作者欣慰地看到自己的兒子在玩筆的游戲中已經(jīng)學(xué)會了這一點(diǎn)。 1. 【解析】選D。前后照應(yīng)題。因?yàn)樾r候, 父母和老師教育“我”做每件事時都要執(zhí)著。所以“我”一直相信(I was convinced)執(zhí)著是成功的唯一途徑。 2.【解析】選B。詞義辨析題。event多指重要、有意義的大事件; incident指平常小事; accident指意外事故; affair泛指事件, 事務(wù)。此處語境指兒子玩記號筆, 應(yīng)為平常小事。 3. 【解析】選A。前后照應(yīng)題。一天我兩歲的兒子指著(point at)一堆豎著的彩色記號筆, 興奮地歡呼著。 4. 【解析】選C。前后照應(yīng)題。后來, 兒子又拿了一些圓珠筆, 打算做同樣的事, 即把圓珠筆也豎起來。intend to do sth. 打算做某事。 5.【解析】選A。背景知識題。根據(jù)Hard though he tried(盡管他費(fèi)了很大的勁試著將圓珠筆豎起來)可知結(jié)果沒有成功, 圓珠筆仍然沒有豎起來。因?yàn)檫@些圓珠筆要么是尖頭, 要么是圓頭。lie flat意思是“平躺著”。 6. 【解析】選B。前后照應(yīng)題?？吹竭@些圓珠筆要么是尖頭要么是圓頭, 我不加考慮地(casually)說: “媽媽幫不了你?！钡珒鹤硬宦? 繼續(xù)堅持做下去。 7.【解析】選D。前后照應(yīng)題。be buried in his work專心致志地忙于他的工作。這由后文的“他很少和任何人講話”可知。 8.【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。因?yàn)樗偸敲τ谧约旱墓ぷ? 因此(therefore)對他來說沒有周末或假日這樣的概念。 9.【解析】選B。固定搭配題。因?yàn)樗恍膿湓诠ぷ魃? 所以老板對他高度贊揚(yáng)。 10. 【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。老板鼓舞我們把他當(dāng)成模范榜樣看待。 11. 【解析】選D。前后照應(yīng)題。因?yàn)樽髡叩呐笥袵eorge是個工作狂, 所以每周至少工作80或90小時。 12.【解析】選B。前后照應(yīng)題。根據(jù)shook his head slowly(慢慢搖頭)可知此處他發(fā)出(let out)一聲嘆息。 13. 【解析】選C。前后照應(yīng)題。根據(jù)George講的話可知“他心中只有工作, 沒有家人”, 所以“他認(rèn)為即使想(在工作方面)放手也是很痛苦的(painful)”。 14.【解析】選C。前后照應(yīng)題。根據(jù)后面一句“Since then I’ve never seen him. ”可知此空填last, 說明“這是我聽到有關(guān)他的最后一件事”。 15.【解析】選D。前后照應(yīng)題。根據(jù)e to my mind可知此處選image。雖然后來我再也沒見到過他, 但他年邁的形象還會出現(xiàn)在我的腦海中。 16.【解析】選C。前后照應(yīng)題。直到那一天, 我兩歲的兒子雖然并不知道為何圓珠筆豎不起來, 但是在多次失敗后學(xué)會了接受這種不可能。 17. 【解析】選B。詞語辨析題。accept指“主觀接受”, 而receive指“客觀上收到”。C、D兩項(xiàng)指“拒絕”。 18. 【解析】選D。前后照應(yīng)題。兒子將不能豎起來的圓珠筆放在一邊, 只留下可以站起來的記號筆用來玩游戲。很明顯(obviously), 他已經(jīng)學(xué)會了對以前無用的(useless)嘗試選擇放棄。 19. 【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。上文中的many failures已提示, 可推知他做了一些無用的嘗試。useless無用的。 20. 【解析】選C。前后照應(yīng)題。在我們的日常生活中, 很多令人頭疼的事是可以避免的, 只要我們知道如何鑒別(identify)它們并果斷地做出放棄的決定。 【技法導(dǎo)練】 因果；therefore；因此 【語篇隨練】 Ⅰ. 1. Though/Although/While he tried hard, the ballpoint pens just lay flat. 2. It was after many failures that the two-year-old son had accepted the impossibility. Ⅱ. 1. 撇開 2.積蓄, 存錢 3.騰出 4.保存, 保留