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2019年高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破 考點(diǎn)精講 第九節(jié) 名詞性從句 考點(diǎn)一　名詞性從句連接詞的用法 1．連接詞的基本用法 (1)連接詞that在從句中沒(méi)有任何含義，只起連接作用，不作任何成分。 That he will e to the meeting made us excited. 他要來(lái)參加會(huì)議使我們大家很興奮。 (2)連接詞whether，if意為“是否”，只起連接作用，不作任何成分。若在兩者之間二選一，應(yīng)選擇whether。 Whether we will go there tomorrow depends on the weather. 我們明天是否去那里取決于天氣。 (3)連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever既起連接作用，同時(shí)又在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。 She didnt know what life in a foreign country would be like.她不知道外國(guó)的生活會(huì)是什么樣。 Whoever breaks the rule should be punished. 不論誰(shuí)違反了規(guī)則都要受到懲罰。 (4)連接副詞when，where，why，how既起連接作用，同時(shí)又在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。 She has decided how she should settle the matter. 她已做出決定如何來(lái)解決這件事。 2．that與what的區(qū)別 that沒(méi)有詞義，也不作任何成分，當(dāng)從句意義完整，不缺任何成分時(shí)用that；what在從句中表示“……的(東西)”(有時(shí)候可以不譯)，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。 That they need more oil is very clear. 很明顯，他們需要更多的油。 What they need is more oil. 他們需要的是更多的油。 3．who與whoever的區(qū)別 who在名詞性從句中表示“誰(shuí)”；而whoever(謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù))＝anyone who，(謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù))＝those who(謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù))。 Who will be invited to the ceremony hasnt been decided. 邀請(qǐng)誰(shuí)參加儀式還未定下來(lái)。 Give the dictionary to whoever(＝anyone who) needs it most. 把詞典給最需要的人。 考點(diǎn)二　主語(yǔ)從句 1．that引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)句式有。 (1)It＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that從句。 It is necessary that a person should provide against a raining day. 一個(gè)人應(yīng)該居安思危、未雨綢繆。 (2)It＋ be＋名詞(短語(yǔ))(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that從句。 It is a pity that you cannot e to our party. 你不能來(lái)參加我們的聚會(huì)真是遺憾。 (3)It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that從句。 It is reported that many people are homeless after floods. 據(jù)報(bào)道洪水過(guò)后很多人無(wú)家可歸。 (4)It＋特殊動(dòng)詞(seem/appear/happen/occur/matter)＋that從句。 It seems that young people are more interested in pop music.年輕人似乎對(duì)流行音樂(lè)更感興趣。 2．其他連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)也可用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 If a person dose his best，it doesnt matter what people think of him.如果一個(gè)人盡了他最大的努力，那么人們?nèi)绾卧u(píng)價(jià)他并沒(méi)關(guān)系。 考點(diǎn)三　賓語(yǔ)從句 1．動(dòng)詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。 I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我已把每天寫(xiě)日記當(dāng)成了慣例。 2．有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)習(xí)慣上需要在賓語(yǔ)從句前加it，這類動(dòng)詞有：hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，appreciate，see to等。 I would appreciate it if you could send me a reply at your earliest convenience. 如果您能夠盡早給我回信的話，我將不勝感激。 3．一般情況下介詞后不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，但except，in，but等可跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。其他介詞后面需要用that從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。 I know nothing about him except that he lives next door. 我對(duì)他一無(wú)所知，只知道他住在隔壁。 Yon may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了，他們會(huì)支持你的。 4．當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，think，believe，suppose，expect等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式，這一現(xiàn)象稱為否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 I dont think that your suggestion will work. 我認(rèn)為你的建議行不通。 考點(diǎn)四　表語(yǔ)從句 1．表語(yǔ)從句還可由as if，as though，because等詞引導(dǎo)。 It looks as if we shall stay the night here after all. 看來(lái)我們不得不在這里過(guò)夜了。 2．當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句一般用that而不用because引導(dǎo)，常用句型The reason ... is that ... The reason why he is absent from school is that he is sick. 他沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)的理由是他生病了。 考點(diǎn)五　同位語(yǔ)從句 1．同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact，news，word(消息)，idea，truth，doubt，belief，thought，problem等詞的后面，對(duì)前面的名詞做進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明前面名詞的具體含義。引導(dǎo)詞常用that，也可用其他連接詞引導(dǎo)。需注意的是，同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)不直接跟著它所說(shuō)明的某個(gè)名詞后，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。 We must face the fact that the war has killed many people. 我們必須正視戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)奪走了許多人的生命這一事實(shí)。 They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the work. 他們面臨著是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)工作的難題。 Word came that our football team had won the match. 消息傳來(lái)，我們的足球隊(duì)贏了比賽。 2．同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面的名詞做進(jìn)一步解釋，引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用，不可省略；定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面的名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制，在句子中作一定的成分。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們贏得比賽的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)校園。(同位語(yǔ)從句) The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告訴我的那個(gè)消息真令人失望。(定語(yǔ)從句) (對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第263頁(yè)) Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 1．The man didnt know ________ it was that the thief broke into the house and stole all his valuable things. 2．—Have a nice trip! —Thanks.Ill telephone you from ________ I get tomorrow evening. 3．I dont quite understand ________ more women smoke than men in Britain. 4．They are discussing in the meeting room ________ will go to the conference on behalf of the manager. 5．Keep in mind ________ you must respect others first. 6．—Which can I take，Mr.Smith? —Take ________ one you like and leave the others for ________ es late. 7．She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do ________ it takes to save her life. 8．He hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see ________ it got any better. 9．________ climber gets to the top first will get a ￡5，000 prize. 10．________ ticket this is has not been found out. 11．—What made her so upset? —________ she failed in her mid－term examination. 12．Honesty is a kind of quality and thats ________ it takes to municate with others successfully. 13．The view ________ many scientists hold is ________ too much emission of carbon dioxide is destructive. 14．Before the operation，the doctor had to talk to the patient in order to remove her fear ________ she might die during the operation. 15．Mr.Wu and I did not know each other，and I had no idea ________ he invited me for lunch. 16．—You know I gave up the job as a waiter and went to that little pany. —Thats ________ youve made a mistake.That pany isnt well managed. 17．What they want to know is ________ the English class begins every day. 18．The question was put forward at the meeting ________ we had enough money for our research. 19．With so many people doing the work，it is hard to say ________ responsibility it should be. 20．It is not immediately clear ________ the financial crisis will soon be over. 【答案】　1.how/when　2.where　3.why　4.who 5．that　6.whichever；whoever　7.whatever　8.if/whether　9.Whichever　10.Whose　11.That 12．what　13.that/which；that　14.that　15.why　16.where　17.when　18.whether　19.whose 20．whether/if Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)單詞完成句子 1．令球迷欣喜的是，那個(gè)年輕球員在乒乓球錦標(biāo)賽中表現(xiàn)得太好了。 ____________ was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.(delight) 2．最糟糕的想象就是相信一個(gè)人能夠靠自己做任何事情。 The worst possible kind of imagination is a belief ____________．(by onself) 3．你知道它值多少錢(qián)嗎？ Have you any idea ____________？(cost) 4．重要的不是你是否有能力做好一件事，而是你如何與他人合作。 What is important is not ____________ the ability to finish something，but ____________ with the other team members.(cooperate) 5．并不是因?yàn)槭虑殡y，我們不敢做，而是因?yàn)槲覀儾桓易?，事情才變得難。 It is ____________ that we do not dare，it is ____________ that things are difficult. 6．無(wú)論誰(shuí)看不到這一點(diǎn)都會(huì)犯大錯(cuò)。 ____________ will make a great mistake.(fail) 7．據(jù)宣布，所有的博物館將在不久后重新開(kāi)放。 ____________ all the museums will be reopened soon.(announce) 8．他表達(dá)了想再次訪問(wèn)中國(guó)的愿望。 He expressed his hope ____________．(visit) 9．眾所周知，哪兒有污染，哪兒就有傷害。 It is known to us all ____________，there is harm.(pollution) 10．問(wèn)題在于這部電影是否值得一看。 The problem is ____________．(worth) 11．老師總是告訴我們，如果我們想要成功的話就要相信我們所做的事，相信自己。 Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________________ and who we are if we want to succeed.(do) 12．我并不在意你是否有錢(qián)。 I dont care about ______________ or not.(have) 13．他清楚地表明他不會(huì)屈服。 He has made it clear ________________．(give) 14．我不能理解我為什么被拒絕了。 I couldnt understand ________________．(refuse) 15．她會(huì)告訴你她為什么要你來(lái)。 She will tell you ____________．(ask) 16．她堅(jiān)持不被派到農(nóng)村去。 She insisted ________________ the countryside.(send) 17．請(qǐng)弄清楚誰(shuí)要來(lái)開(kāi)音樂(lè)會(huì)，是否還有票。 Please find out ________________ a concert and whether the tickets are still available.(hold) 18．許多學(xué)生奮爭(zhēng)進(jìn)入這所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)的原因是這所學(xué)校的許多學(xué)生已被準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入著名的大學(xué)。 The reason ________ many students fight hard to enter this key school is ________ many students in this school have been admitted to famous universities. 19．她的父母知道發(fā)生了什么，也知道她很著急。 Her parents know what happened and ________________．(worry) 20．他想知道他媽媽去哪兒了。 He wondered ________________．(where) 【答案】　1.What delighted the fans/made the fans delighted　2.that one can do anything by oneself　3.how much it costs　4.whether you have；how you will cooperate　5.not because things are difficult；because we do not dare　6.Whoever fails to see this 7．It is announced that　8.that he would visit China again　9.that where there is pollution　10.whether the film is worth seeing　11.what we do 12．whether you have money　13.that he will not give in　14.why I was refused　15.why she asked you to e　16.that she(should) not be sent to　17.who will e to hold　18.why；that　19.that she was worried　20.where his mother had gone