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Unit11SectionA,HowtoBeTruetoYourself,綜合教程,Unit5HowtoBeTruetoYourself,1,Pre-readingActivity,,2,,1.Motto:ashortsentenceorafewwordstakenastheguidingprincipleofaperson,ofaschool,ofanorganization,etc.“Wastenot,wantnot”wasmymother’smotto.Themottooftheuniversityis“Freedomofthoughtandcoexistenceofdifferentdoctrines.,3,integrity,1)strengthandfirmnessofcharacterorprinciple;honestlyortrustworthinessHeisrespectedandadmiredasamanofthegreatestintegrityamanofmoralintegrity2)astateofbeingwholeandundivided;completenessOurintegrityasanationisthreatenedbytheseparatistforcesathomeandforeignintervention.mutualrespectforterritorialintegrity,4,Mottoesabouthowtobeagoodman/amanorintegrity,Ifyoutellthetruth,youhaveinfinitepowersupportingyouAharmfultruthisbetterthanausefullie.HonestyisthebestpolicyHonestyisthefirstchapterinthebookofwisdom.Inthemountainsoftruth,youneverclimbinvain.Agoodfameisbetterthanagoodface.Aliarisnotbelievedwhenhespeaksthetruth.Astraightfootisnotafraidofacrookedshoe.Honestyisthebestpolicy.Icannotbeyourfriendandyourflatterertoo.,5,Groupdiscussion,Whichofthemottoesdoyoulikebest?Whydoyoulikeit?Howimportantdoyouthinkitisforonetobeamanofintegrity?,請選擇,discussion,6,Teacher’ssample1.What’shonesty?,HonestyistellingthetruthHonestyisstraightforwardconductHonestyisbeingsincere,truthful,trustworthy,honorable,fair,genuine,andloyalwithintegrity.,7,2.Reasonstotellthetruth,Tellingthetruthletseveryoneknowwhatreallyhappened.Thereislesschancesofmisunderstandings,confusion,orconflict.Tellingthetruthprotectsinnocentpeoplefrombeingblamedorpunished.Youusuallygetintolesstroublefortellingthetruththanofrlying(andgettingcaught).Otherpeopletrustyoumorewhenyoutellthetruth.Youdon’thavetotellmoreliestokeepyourstorystraight.Yougainareputationforbeingtruthful–atraitthatmostpeoplevalue.Tellingthetruthhelpsyoufeelsecureandpeacefulinside.(conscience),8,,2.Demonstrate:1)ShowordescribeclearlyThefirst-aidinstructordemonstratedthecorrectwaytobandageawound.2)proveormakeclearafact,esp.byreasoningorprovidingexamplesGalileodemonstratedthatobjectsofdifferentweightsfallatthesamespeed.,9,Ethics/Morality,Ethics:1)thesciencethatdealswithmoralsHedecidedtostudyethicsashissecondmajor.2)moralrulesorprinciplesofbehaviorgoverningapersonorgroupWhetheracountryshouldhavenuclearweaponsornotshouldbeaquestionofethics,munistethics/pressethics/stageethicsMorality:rightnessorhonestyofbehavior，ofanaction，etc.Onesometimeswondersifthereisanymoralityinpolitics.Manypeoplehavequestionedthemoralityofthatpoliticiansactions,10,Expediency/expedience,beingusefulorhelpfulforapurpose,althoughnotnecessarilycorrect.Thegovernmentwillnotcondemnitsalliesfortorturingprisoners.Itisaquestionorexpediency.Hisbehaviorseemstobegovernedsolelybyexpedience.Itisexpedientthatheshouldgoawayatonce.Dowhateverisexpedient.,11,inner,1)ontheinsideorclosetothemiddleTheinnerwrappingofthecommodityisalsopleasanttolookat.aninnertube/InnerMongolia/theInnerCity2)closetothecentreofcontrolTheprimeMinisteroftenturnstotheinnercircle（核心集團(tuán)）oftheCabinetforadvice.3)ofthemindorspiritHismateriallifeisverygood,buthisinnerlifeisverypoor.Innerbeautyistherealbeauty./theinnerlifeofaman.,12,demand,Theopponenthaddemandedthatallthefactsbemadepublic.Workofthisnaturedemandspersonalsacrificesofthosewhoembarkonit.Theteacherdemandsofusa500-workcomposition.,13,Principle,（1）atruthorbeliefthatisacceptedasabaseforreasoningoractionOneoftheprinciplesofthisdictionaryisthatdefinitionsshouldbeinsimplelanguage.Theyagreedtotheplaninprinciple.（2）amoralruleorsetofideaswhichguidesonesbehaviorIusuallyfollowtheprinciplethatitisbetternottogetinvolvedinotherpeoplesquarrels.,14,conviction,averyfirmandsincerebeliefSheisawomanofstrongconvictions.Shehasafirmconvictionthatsheisalwaysright.pare:convincibleandconvincingandconvinced,15,ensure,(ArnEinsure）makesth.certaintohappenThereisachangeinthelawthatensuresfairtreatmentforpeopleofallracesTakeataxiifyouwanttoensurethatyoucatchtheplane.Compare:assuresbofsth.insureone’shouseagainstfirehaveone’slifeinsured,16,abdominal,Thatmiddle-agedmanreceivedanabdominaloperation，whichlastedtwohours.Hewenttoplaybasketballsoonafterlunchandbegantosuffersharpabdominalpainswhileplayingthematch.,17,surgeon,---adoctorwhosejobistoperformmedicaloperationsTheskillfulsurgeonoperatedonthepatientwhosufferedfromappendicitis（闌尾炎）Highlyskilledsurgeonsenjoyahighsocialpositionandhaveahandsomeincome.,18,sponge,（1）atypeofsimpleseacreaturethatdoesnotmovebutgrowsaspreadingrubber-likeframefullofsmallholesSpongescangrowuptoaveryconsiderablesize.（2）apieceofasponge，orofasimilarartificialsubstancemadefromrubber，whichcansuckupandholdwaterandisusuallyusedforwashingWehaveamopmadeofsponge，whichsoaksupmuchwater.,19,rookie,----sb.whoisnewtoandhasnoexperienceofanactivity，esp.anewsoldierorpolicemanHeisapolicerookie/arookiecop.Hejoinedthepoliceonlylastyear.Sheisarookienurse.Sheisverycarefulwithherjob.,20,credit,（1）asystemofbuyinggoodsorservicesandpayingforthemlaterIfyoucantaffordtopaycash，buythefurnitureoncredit.（2）beliefortrustinthetruthorrightnessofsomethingDoyouplaceanycreditinthegovernmentsstory?（3）publicapprovalorpraisegiventosb.becauseofsth.hehasdoneThatscientistwasgivennocreditforhisinvention,21,appoint,（1）chooseforapositionorjobTheyhaveappointedhimchairmanoftheboardofdirectors.Acommitteewasappointedtoinvestigatethesecomplaints.（2）arrangeordecide（esp.atimeorplacewhensomethingwillhappen）ThecommitteehasappointedadayinJulyforyourcasetobeheard.,22,Dwarf/giant,Dwarf:aperson，animal，orplantofmuchlessthantheusualsizeTheirsecondsonisadwarf.Thereisafunny，sillydwarfinthefilm.Giant:（I）apersonwhoismuchbiggerandtallerthanaveragepeopleAbasketballteamusuallyhasseveralgiants.（2）apersonofgreatabilityShakespeareisagiantamongwriters.,23,external,（1）on，of,orfromtheoutsideThismedicineisforexternaluse，nottodrink.（2）thatcanbeseenbutnotnaturalorrealHeisactuallyveryshy，despiteexternalappearances.Antonym:internal,24,inevitably,---beingcertaintohappen；unavoidablyHewas，inevitably，upsetbyherdeparture，butsoonhegotoverit.Giventhecurrentfinancialsituation，thepoundwillinevitablybedevalued.,25,challenge,（1）（sth.with)thequalityofdemandingcompetitiveaction，interest，orthoughtIamlookingforajobwithabitmorechallenge.2）aninvitationtocompeteinafight，game，match，etc.ThePresidentoftheBoardofTrustees（理事會）isfacedwithachallengetohisleadershipfromhisdeputy.（3）aquestioningoftherightness，legality，etc.ofsomethingThisnewreportrepresentsachallengetotheacceptedversionofthoseevents,26,Preserve（1）preventsb.orsth.frombeingharmedordestroyedTheancientEgyptiansknewwaystopreservedeadbodiesfromdecay。（2）causeaconditiontolast；tokeepunchangedItisthedutyofthepolicetopreservepublicorderFacade（1）thefrontofabuilding，esp.ofagrandbuilding正面，表面，外觀ThefacadeoftheGrandTheaterisveryattractive.（2）anappearance，esp.onethatisfalseThoughtheyputupafacadeofhonesty，theyareinvolvedincriminalactivities.,27,conscience,--aninnersensethatisconsciousofthemoralrightnessorwrongnessofonesbehaviororintentions，andmakesoneknowwhetheroneisdoingrightIhaveaguiltyconscienceaboutnottellingherthetruth.Ihaventdoneanythingwrong.一Ihaveaclearconscience.,28,succumb,（1）stopopposing；togivein（togreaterforceorstrength，adesire，etc.）Theyheldoutforsomehoursinthefaceofourpersuasiveoffers，buteventuallytheysuccumbed.（2）diebecauseofHefinallysuccumbedtotheillness.,29,Thewriterrealizesthepresentscarcityandtherealimportanceofintegrity.Hewantstotellusthatintegrityiswhatisfundamentalineveryareaofsocietyandthatitissomethingwemustdemandofourselves.Hewantstoconvinceusthatonlybystandingfirmlyforourconvictionsinthefaceofpersonalpressure，byalwaysgivingotherscreditthatisrightfullytheirsandbybeinghonestandopenaboutwhatwereallyare，canwelivearichlifeofprincipleandsuccess.,Mainidea?,30,,Thewriterrealizesthepresentscarcityandtherealimportanceofintegrity.Hewantstotellusthatintegrityiswhatisfundamentalineveryareaofsocietyandthatitissomethingwemustdemandofourselves.Hewantstoconvinceusthatonlybystandingfirmlyforourconvictionsinthefaceofpersonalpressure，byalwaysgivingotherscreditthatisrightfullytheirsandbybeinghonestandopenaboutwhatwereallyare，canwelivearichlifeofprincipleandsuccess.,Mainidea?,PartI(Paras.1-2),PartII(Paras.3-14),PartIII(Para.15),31,,TheauthorstatestheprincipleoftheIntegrityTriadindetail,thatis,standfirmlyforyourconvictionsinthefaceofpersonalpressure;alwaysgiveotherscreditthatisrightfullytheirs;behonestandopenaboutwhatyoureallyare.,Mainidea?,PartII(Paras.3-14),32,,Thelastparagraphistheconclusionoftheessay.Itisassociatedwiththefirstone.Inthisparagraph，theauthorfurtherexplainswhatintegritymeansandpointsoutwhatbenefitandprospectalifeofprinciplewillbringyou..,Mainidea?,PartIII(Para.15),33,Part1,1．Whatisthecontrastpresentedinthebeginning?A1：Theauthorsgrandparentsandtheirgenerationfirmlybelievedinhonestyanddemonstrateditbythewaytheylived，butnowadaysintegrityisgettingscarcer.2．Whatreasonspromptedthewritertowriteaboutthetopic?A2:Integrityisinshortsupplytoday，butitistherealfundamentalthingineveryactivityofsocietyanditistherealbasicqualitythatwemustbeinpossessionof.Thesearethereasonsthatpromptedthewritertowriteaboutthetopic,34,Part1,1.Theyunderstoodinstinctivelythatintegritymeanshavingapersonalstandardofmoralityandethicsthatdoesnotsellouttoexpediencyandthatisnotrelativetothesituationathand.--…integritymeansthatoneshouldhaveapersonalstandardforjudgingwhatismorallyrightandwrong.Andhedoeswhathethinksisright,notwhatishelpfulforhim.Hisjudgmentisnotaffectedbyanyexternalcircumstances.,35,Part1,2.Butitistherealbottomlineineveryareaofsociety----Butintegrityisreallywhatcountsineverypartordivisionofsociety.／Butitistherealfundamentalthingineveryactivityofsociety.／Butitistherealbasicqualityineverysectionofsociety.thebottomline（1）theamountofmoneyshownasprofitorlossatthebottomofasetofaccountsYouhaveinvestedmillionsofdollarsinthebusinessandyoucomeoutwithnothingonthebottomline.（2）thebasiccontent，meaning，orsituationThebottomlineinthedebateistheincreasingnumberofmotorcycleaccidentsandfatalities.(3）outcome；themostimportantresultintheendIfwemakeallthechangesIamproposing，thebottomlineisthatthecompanywillsave$5,000.,36,Part2(para3),What’stheuseofparagraph3?ThethirdparagraphintroducestheIntegrityTriadandlinkstheprecedingpartwiththefollowing.3.Consistof:bemadeupofOurclassconsistsofsevengroups.Thisarticleconsistsofthreemainpoints..,37,Part2(para4-8),1.Howdidthewritersupporthisfirstkeyprinciple?A1:bymeansoftellingastory2.Whatdoyouthinkofthenurse?A2:aresponsiblenursewhostickstoherintegrity.3.Whatdoyouknowaboutthesurgeonfromthestory?A3:Thesurgeoniscarefulwithhisworkandresponsibletohispatients.Besides，heisopentocriticismsandverypatientinthefaceofobjectionsandevenincorrectcriticisms.Forexample，whenthenursepreventedhimfromclosingthecutandwronglycriticizedhim，heremainedpatientinsteadofgettingangryandsmilinglyliftedhisfootandshowedherthe12thsponge.Moreover，hepraisedher，saying“Youlldojustfineinthisoranyotherhospital.”,38,Part2(para4-8),4.Accountfor（1）giveorbeasatisfactoryexplanationforHowdoyouaccountforlosingfivegamesinarow?Canyouaccounttomeforyourdelayinhandinginyourcomposition?（2）bethecauseororiginofNorthSeaoilaccountsforahighproportionofourexportearnings.Thereisnoaccountingfortastes.,39,Part2(para4-8),5.object（1）beagainststh.orsb.；feelorshowoppositionordisapprovalIdliketoopenthewindowifnooneobjects.Istronglyobjecttobeingtreatedlikeachild.（2）giveasanargumentagainststh.Iwantedtoclimbthehill，butBillobjectedthathewastootired.Somepeopleobjectedthatthenewtaxlawwasunfair.,40,6.Whenyouknowyouareright，youcantbackdown.=Whenyouknowyouaredoingtherightthing，youcantgiveupyourefforthalfwayunderexternalpressure／Ifyouknowyouareright，youcannotadmitthatyouarewrongwhenyouarefacedwithpersonalpressure.backdown----acceptdefeatinanargument，opinion，orclaim；admitthatonewaswrong；togiveuponesoriginalstand，etc.Thatsmallcountrywillnotbackdowntopressure.Hesaidhecouldswim，buthebackeddownwhenwegottothelake.,41,Part2(para9-11),WhydidtheadvertisingfirmfoundedbyDavidOgilvybecomeoneofthelargestandmostrespectedadvertisingorganizationsintheworld?BecauseDavidOgilvyandtheappointedofficeheadsoftheadvertisingfirmfoundedbyDavidOgilvyacteduponthekeyprinciple：Alwaysgiveotherscreditthatisrightfullytheirstobemorespecific，theywerenotafraidofandhiredthosewhomighthaveabetterideaorwhomightevenbesmarterandmorecompetentthantheythemselves.Theyrespectedtalentsandgavefullplaytotheirabilities.Thus，theadvertisingfirmfoundedbyDavidOgilvybecameacompanyofgiants，developedveryfastandgrewtobeoneofthelargestandmostrespectedadvertisingorganizationsintheworld.,42,Part2(para9-11),7.Alwaysgiveotherscreditthatisrightfullytheirs.--Alwaysbereadyandwillingtogiveapprovalorpraisetootherpeoplewhodeserveit.／Alwaysbebroad-mindedenoughtoacknowledgeandpraisethosewhoaresmarterandmoresuccessfulthanyouare.,43,8.Russiannestingdollwithfiveprogressivelysmallerfiguresinside--aRussiandollinwhicharefittedfivefigures，eachofwhichissmallerthanthepreviousone.progressively---stepbystep；bystages；movingaheadordevelopingcontinuouslyThesituationisbecomingprogressivelytense.Theeconomyinthatcountrywasprogressivelygettingbetter.,44,Part2(para12-14),Regardingthethirdprinciple，whatadvicedoestheauthoroffer?Sobeyourself.Don‘yengageinapersonalcover-upofareasthatareunpleasinginyourlife.Whenitstough，doittough.Inotherwords，facerealityandbeadultinyourresponsestolifeschallenges.Self-respectandaclearconsciencearepowerfulcomponentsofintegrityandarethebasisforenrichingyourrelationshipswithothers.(translatethesentences),45,9.Behonestandopenaboutwhatyoureallyare.--Beyourselfandproveyourselftobetrustworthy，withouthidingorcoveringupanyunpleasingareasinyourlife.／Behonestandopenwithyourself;facerealitysquarelyandrespondtolifeschallengesboldlyandinamature，suitablemanner.,46,10.peoplewholackgenuinecorevalues;----peoplewhoarewithoutorwhodonothaveenoughtrulyfundamentalvaluesvalues--standardsorprinciples；ideasabouttheworthorimportanceofcertainqualities，thosegenerallyacceptedbyaparticulargroupTherearemanyvaluessharedbydifferentnationsintheworld.TheAmericanpeopleandtheChinesepeopledifferinsomecorevalues,47,10.tough1）strong；noteasilyweakenedorbroken；abletosufferdifficultorsevereconditionsOnlytoughbreedsofsheepcanliveinthemountains.（2）showingstrongdetermination；uncompromisingWewonthecontract，butonlythroughalotoftoughnegotiating.（3）difficulttodoordealwith；noteasy；needingmucheffortThecompanyisfacedwithtoughcompetition.(4)rough：withoutkindorsympatheticfeelingsormannersThegovernmenthasthreatenedtogettoughwithpeoplewhotrytoavoidpayingtaxes.,48,11.…beadultinyourresponsestolifeschallenges.…answerorrespondtolifeschallengesinawaysuitableforortypicalofagrown-up.12.forenrichingyourrelationshipswithothers--forimprovinganddevelopingyourrelationshipswithothers.,49,Part3,1）Whatdoes“that"inthelastsentencereferto?Theword“that"inthelastsentencereferstothetwolayersofmeaningexpressedbythepre-vioustwosentences.“Alifeofprinciple，ofnotsuccumbingtotheseductivesirensofaneasymorality，willalwayswintheday.Itwilltakeyouforwardintothe21stcenturywithouthavingtocheckyourtracksinarearviewmirror.”,50,Part3,2）Howdoyoudefineintegrity?：Integritymeanshonestycombinedwithfirmnessandstrengthofcharacterorprinciple.Apersonofintegritystandsfirmlyforhisconvictionsandprinciplesanddoeswhatheconsidersright.Heishonestandopenaboutwhathereallyis.Hepossessesself-respectandaclearconscience.Herespectsothersandalwaysgivescredittothosewhodeserveit.,51,13.notsuccumbingtotheseductivesirensofaneasymorality---notyieldingtothelureoftheuseofmethodsthatbringthemostimmediatebenefits，basedonpracticalratherthanmoralconsiderationssirens--（inancientGreekliterature）anyofagroupofwomen-likecreatureswhosesweetsingingcharmedsailorsandcausedthewreckoftheirships.Inthistext，however，thewordsirenismetaphoricallyusedtorefertoamethodthatbringsthemostimmediatebenefits,basedonpracticalratherthanmoralconsiderations.,52,14.willalwayswintheday---willalwaysbesuccessful；willinvariablygainvictories15.withouthavingtocheckourtrackinrearviewmirror---noneedtolookbackandexaminethefootmarkswehaveleftbehind.Ametaphorisinvolvedhere.Metaphorically，thephrasemeansthatitisunnecessarytorecallandexamineouractivitiesorwhatwehavedoneinthepastsoastofindoutwhetherwhatwehavedoneisrightornot.rearviewmirror---amirrorfixedinsidethewindscreenofamotorvehicleenablingthedrivertoseetraffic，etc.behindTomcouldnthelplookingattherearviewmirrorthatreflectedhisgirlfriendsittinginthebackseat.,53,